Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for treating a mammal having inflammation by protecting or enhancing a responsive cell, tissue, organ or body part exhibiting or associated with the inflammation, by systemic or local administration of a composition comprising a tissue protective cytokine. The invention also encompasses combination treatments comprising administering a composition comprising a tissue protective cytokine of the invention and administering at least one anti-inflammatory or least one immunomodulatory agent.

Abstract: Provided herein are tissue protective peptides derived from or sharing consensus sequences with portions of cytokine receptor ligands, including Erythropoietin (EPO), that are generally located on or within the region of the cytokine receptor ligand that faces away from a receptor complex while the ligand is bound to the receptor. Also provide herein are fragments, chimeras, as well as peptides designed to mimic the spatial localization of key amino acid residues within the tissue protective receptor ligands, e.g., EPO; methods for treating or preventing a disease or disorder using tissue protective peptides; and methods for enhancing excitable tissue function using tissue protective peptides.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for protecting or enhancing a responsive cell, tissue, organ or body part function or viability in vivo, in situ or ex vivo in mammals, including human beings, by systemic or local administration of a tissue protective cytokine.

Abstract: Provided herein are tissue protective peptides derived from or sharing consensus sequences with portions of cytokine receptor ligands, including Erythropoietin (EPO), that are generally located on or within the region of the cytokine receptor ligand that faces away from a receptor complex while the ligand is bound to the receptor. Also provide herein are fragments, chimeras, as well as peptides designed to mimic the spatial localization of key amino acid residues within the tissue protective receptor ligands, e.g., EPO; methods for treating or preventing a disease or disorder using tissue protective peptides; and methods for enhancing excitable tissue function using tissue protective peptides.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel tissue protective peptides. The tissue protective peptides of the invention may bind to a tissue protective receptor complex. In particular, the present invention is drawn to tissue protective peptides derived from or sharing consensus sequences with portions of cytokine receptor ligands, including Erythropoietin (EPO), that are not involved in the binding of the ligand to the receptor complex, e.g., to the EPO receptor homodimer. Accordingly, the tissue protective peptides of the invention are derived from the amino acid sequences of regions of cytokine receptor ligands that are generally located on or within the region of the ligand protein that is opposite of the receptor complex, i.e., are generally derived from amino acid sequences of regions of the ligand protein that face away from the receptor complex while the ligand is bound to the receptor.

Abstract: The present invention provides peptides and peptide analogs that have tissue protective activities while having little or no potentially undesirable hematopoietic effects. The peptides and peptide analogs are useful in preventing and treating a variety of diseases and disorders associated with tissue damage.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for protecting or enhancing an erythropoietin-responsive cell, tissue, organ or body part function or viability in vivo, in situ or ex vivo in mammals, including human beings, by systemic or local administration of an erythropoietin receptor activity modulator, such as an erythropoietin or a modified erythropoietin.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to the use of tissue protective compounds for the prevention, treatment, amelioration or management of cancer, neoplastic diseases, their symptoms and side-effects associated with the treatment of these indications, i.e. chemotherapy or radiation therapy. In particular, these compounds may be chemically modified erythropoietin peptides or recombinant derivatives of erythropoietin, and preferably these compounds lack erythropoietic activity or have substantially reduced erythropoietic activity.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for protecting or enhancing an erythropoietin-responsive cell, tissue, organ or body part function or viability in vivo, in situ or ex vivo in mammals, including human beings, by systemic or local administration of an erythropoietin receptor activity modulator, such as an erythropoietin or a modified erythropoietin.

Abstract: The present invention is directed methods for identifying compounds that have a tissue protective activity using a heteromultimer receptor complex that mediates the tissue protective activities. The complex consists of at least one EPO-R in complex with at least one ?c Receptor. These compounds used in the assays to identify tissue protective compounds include, but are not limited to, small molecules and biologics. The compounds identified using these assays can be used to treat various conditions of the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as those of other erythropoietin-responsive or excitable cells, tissues, and organs.

Abstract: A method of treating, preventing, delaying the onset, and/or reducing the effects of proinflammatory cytokines in conditions including, but not limited to, sepsis, adhesion formation, wounds, organ failure, chronic disease, general inflammatory conditions resulting from infection, scarring resulting from injury and incisions, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: Methods and uses are provided for a pharmaceutical composition with an erythropoietin or a tissue protective cytokine for protecting or restoring function to a responsive cell, tissue, organ or body part function or viability in mammals when administered outside of the therapeutic window of previously approved therapeutics.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for protecting or enhancing an erythropoietin-responsive cell, tissue, organ or body part function or viability in vivo, in situ or ex vivo in mammals, including human beings, by systemic or local administration of an erythropoietin receptor activity modulator, such as an erythropoietin or a modified erythropoietin.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel tissue protective peptides. The tissue protective peptides of the invention may bind to a tissue protective receptor complex. In particular, the present invention is drawn to tissue protective peptides derived from or sharing consensus sequences with portions of cytokine receptor ligands, including Erythropoietin (EPO), that are not involved in the binding of the ligand to the receptor complex, e.g., to the EPO receptor homodimer. Accordingly, the tissue protective peptides of the invention are derived from the amino acid sequences of regions of cytokine receptor ligands that are generally located on or within the region of the ligand protein that is opposite of the receptor complex, i.e., are generally derived from amino acid sequences of regions of the ligand protein that face away from the receptor complex while the ligand is bound to the receptor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed methods for identifying compounds that have a tissue protective activity using a heteromultimer receptor complex that mediates the tissue protective activities. The complex consists of at least one EPO-R in complex with at least one ?c Receptor. These compounds used in the assays to identify tissue protective compounds include, but are not limited to, small molecules and biologics. The compounds identified using these assays can be used to treat or prevent various diseases, disorders, or conditions of the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as those of other erythropoietin-responsive or excitable cells, tissues, and organs.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for protecting or enhancing excitable tissue function in mammals by systemic administration of an erythropoietin receptor activity modulator, such as erythropoietin, which signals via an EPO-activated receptor to modulate the function of excitable tissue. Excitable tissues include central neuronal tissues, such as the brain, peripheral neuronal tissues, retina, and heart tissue. Protection of excitable tissues provides treatment of hypoxia, seizure disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, hypoglycemia, and neurotoxin poisoning. Enhancement of function is useful in learning and memory. The invention is also directed to compositions and methods for facilitating the transport of molecules across endothelial cell tight junction barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, by association of molecules with an erythropoietin receptor activity modulator, such as an erythropoietin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of carbamylating an erythropoietin such that the resulting carbamylated erythropoietin has less that about 10% free primary amines on the lysines and the N-terminal amino acids, is not digested when exposed to Lys-C proteolysis, exhibits no erythropoietic activity in a TF-1 or UT-7/EPOR cell viability assay at a concentration of 1 ?g/ml, and demonstrates a static sciatic index of less than about 0.65 within a Sciatic Nerve Assay. Additionally, the invention is related to pharmaceutical compositions containing carbamylated erythropoietins of the invention and the use of the pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of conditions and diseases of excitable tissues.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for protecting or enhancing excitable tissue function in mammals by systemic administration of an erythropoietin receptor activity modulator, such as erythropoietin, which signals via an EPO-activated receptor to modulate the function of excitable tissue. Excitable tissues include central neuronal tissues, such as the brain, peripheral neuronal tissues, retina, and heart tissue. Protection of excitable tissues provides treatment of hypoxia, seizure disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, hypoglycemia, and neurotoxin poisoning. Enhancement of function is useful in learning and memory. The invention is also directed to compositions and methods for facilitating the transport of molecules across endothelial cell tight junction barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, by association of molecules with an erythropoietin receptor activity modulator, such as an erythropoietin.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for protecting or enhancing excitable tissue function in mammals by systemic administration of an erythropoietin receptor activity modulator, such as erythropoietin, which signals via an EPO-activated receptor to modulate the function of excitable tissue. Excitable tissues include central neuronal tissues, such as the brain, peripheral neuronal tissues, retina, and heart tissue. Protection of excitable tissues provides treatment of hypoxia, seizure disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, hypoglycemia, and neurotoxin poisoning. Enhancement of function is useful in learning and memory. The invention is also directed to compositions and methods for facilitating the transport of molecules across endothelial cell tight junction barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, by association of molecules with an erythropoietin receptor activity modulator, such as an erythropoietin.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for protecting or enhancing excitable tissue function in mammals by systemic administration of an erythropoietin receptor activity modulator, such as erythropoietin, which signals via an EPO-activated receptor to modulate the function of excitable tissue. Excitable tissues include central neuronal tissues, such as the brain, peripheral neuronal tissues, retina, and heart tissue. Protection of excitable tissues provides treatment of hypoxia, seizure disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, hypoglycemia, and neurotoxin poisoning. Enhancement of function is useful in learning and memory. The invention is also directed to compositions and methods for facilitating the transport of molecules across endothelial cell tight junction barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier, by association of molecules with an erythropoietin receptor activity modulator, such as an erythropoietin.