Abstract: An ion-selective electrode including a water-impermeable, non-conductive substrate; an electrically conductive layer including a metal/metal salt mixture supported on a surface of the substrate; a hydrophobic, conductive intermediate layer in contact with the metal/metal salt layer and including a salt having suitable ionic mobility such that an electrode potential is rapidly established; a layer including an ion-specific ligand in contact with the intermediate layer; and a water-impermeable barrier layer which overlays the layer including the ion-specific ligand such that a portion of this layer is uncovered, and a method for preparing same, is described. The present ion-selective electrode permits rapid, reproducible measurements of ion concentrations to be made without requiring electrode calibration and in the absence of liquid electrolytes.

Abstract: A method for operating a load dependent current-generating system which supplies at least one electric drive motor with electrical energy. A power request is made to the electric drive motor, and a dynamic parameter of the current generating system and/or a simulation model, which characterizes the behaviour of the current generating system, is used for calculating the setpoint current value for the current generating system.

Abstract: A method and system for communications of fuel data, including fuel depletion data, in regards of fuel storage tanks includes an electronic communicator linked to a sensor associated with the storage tank for communicating over a communications network the fuel data to innumerable other parties connected on the communications network.

Abstract: A method for operating a load dependent current-generating system which supplies at least one electric drive motor with electrical energy. A power request is made to the electric drive motor, and a dynamic parameter of the current generating system and/or a simulation model, which characterizes the behaviour of the current generating system, is used for calculating the setpoint current value for the current generating system.

Abstract: A route finder device for a motor vehicle contains a data input unit for inputting one or more destinations for a journey, a road network memory for storing the locations on the network of roads which can be used by the vehicle, a computer unit for determining one or more possible routes from the location to the destination or destinations including energy supply processes which may be required at one or more energy supply locations as a function of the quantity of energy present in the energy accumulator, the energy supply network and the route specific energy consumption, as well as a display unit for displaying the routes determined by the computer unit. When used in electric vehicles, this device permits optimum routes to be found, taking into account charging processes for the traction battery.

Abstract: The invention provides a hybrid drive arrangement, particularly for a motor vehicle, having an internal combustion engine, a generator, a rectifier, an inverter, an energy accumulator connected to the direct current line between the rectifier and the inverter as well as a driving motor coupled to the inverter. A bypass line bridges the rectifier--direct-current line--inverter path, and a switching element is provided to couple the driving motor with the generator selectively by way of the rectifier--direct-current line--inverse rectifier path on the one hand, or the bypass line on the other.

Abstract: A method for assisting the driver of a vehicle in the optimum use of the on-board energy supply, by consumption-oriented driving-power limitation, especially for electric vehicles. A permissible consumption rate related to the remaining distance is determined continuously starting from the available energy supply and this section consumption is used, taking into account the driving resistances, to determine a set point value which controls a device for driving-power limitation. In a preferred embodiment, an electronic accelerator pedal is provided, with a pedal travel divided into two angular ranges, the second angular range requiring an increased actuating force and being allocated to a power range inhibited in accordance with the set point value. The division into the two angular ranges is adjustable by means of a positioning motor as a function of the permissible section consumption.