Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to processes to prepare a spent catalyst fluid from a hydroformylation process for precious metal recovery. In one embodiment, a process comprises (a) removing a spent catalyst fluid from an active hydroformylation reaction system, wherein the spent catalyst fluid comprises the hydroformylation reaction catalyst and is substantially free of non-hydrolyzable triorganophosphorous compounds; and (b) adding a non-hydrolyzable triorganophosphorous compound to the spent catalyst fluid from step (a) prior to storing the fluid or prior to shipping for precious metal recovery.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for slowing deactivation of a catalyst and/or slowing tetraphosphine ligand usage in a hydroformylation process. In one aspect, a method comprises (a) contacting an olefin with carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a catalyst, the catalyst comprising (A) a transition metal, (B) a tetraphosphine having the structure described herein, and, optionally, (C) a monophosphine having the structure described herein, the contacting conducted in one or more reaction zones and at hydroformylation conditions; and (b) adding additional monophosphine having the structure described herein to a reaction zone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for slowing deactivation of a catalyst and/or slowing tetraphosphine ligand usage in a hydroformylation process. In one aspect, a method comprises (a) contacting an olefin with carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a catalyst, the catalyst comprising (A) a transition metal, (B) a tetraphosphine having the structure described herein, and, optionally, (C) a monophosphine having the structure described herein, the contacting conducted in one or more reaction zones and at hydroformylation conditions; and (b) adding additional monophosphine having the structure described herein to a reaction zone.

Abstract: In one aspect, a hydroformylation reaction process comprises contacting an olefin, hydrogen, and CO in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst in a cylindrical reactor to provide a reaction fluid, wherein the reactor has a fixed height, and wherein a total mixing energy of at least 0.5 kW/m3 is delivered to the fluid in the reactor; removing a portion of the reaction fluid from the reactor; and returning at least a portion of the removed reaction fluid to the reactor, wherein the returning reaction fluid is introduced in at least two return locations positioned at a height that is less than 80% of the fixed height, wherein the at least two return locations are positioned above a location in the reactor where hydrogen and carbon monoxide are introduced to the reactor, and wherein at least 15% of the mixing energy is provided by the returning reaction fluid.

Abstract: The present invention relate to processes for converting olefins to alcohols, ethers, or combinations thereof that are suitable for use as a gasoline additive. In one embodiment, the process comprises (a) receiving a feed stream, wherein the feed stream comprises one or more olefins having 2 to 5 carbon atoms in an amount of up to 80% by weight based on the weight of the feed stream; (b) hydroformylating the feed stream in the presence of a catalyst to convert at least 80% of the olefins from the feed stream to oxygenates; (c) separating a product stream from step (b) into an oxygenate stream and a stream comprising unreacted olefins, inerts, the catalyst, and the remaining oxygenates; and (d) treating the oxygenate stream to convert a plurality of the oxygenates into at least one of an alcohol, an ether, or combinations thereof is suitable for use as a gasoline additive.

Abstract: In one aspect, a hydroformylation reaction process comprises contacting an olefin, hydrogen, and CO in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst in a cylindrical reactor to provide a reaction fluid, wherein the reactor has a fixed height, and wherein a total mixing energy of at least 0.5 kW/m3 is delivered to the fluid in the reactor; removing a portion of the reaction fluid from the reactor; and returning at least a portion of the removed reaction fluid to the reactor, wherein the returning reaction fluid is introduced in at least two return locations positioned at a height that is less than 80% of the fixed height, wherein the at least two return locations are positioned above a location in the reactor where hydrogen and carbon monoxide are introduced to the reactor, and wherein at least 15% of the mixing energy is provided by the returning reaction fluid.

Abstract: The catalyst solution used in a hydroformylation process is prepared for storage by first reducing its acid concentration and/or water content, and then storing the solution under a blanket of syngas and/or an inert gas. Alternatively, or in addition to, the catalyst solution can be stored with an aqueous buffer comprising materials that will neutralize and/or absorb the acid species within the catalyst solution.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to processes for converting olefins to alcohols, ethers, or combinations thereof that are suitable for use as a gasoline additive.

Abstract: A hydroformylation process wherein a water-soluble amine is contacted with the reaction fluid, liquid from the reactor is sent to an extraction zone, and a neutralized phosphorus acidic compound is at least partially removed from the extraction zone.

Abstract: A hydroformylation process wherein a water-soluble amine is contacted with the reaction fluid, liquid from the reactor is sent to an extraction zone, and a neutralized phosphorus acidic compound is at least partially removed from the extraction zone.

Abstract: A multi-reaction train hydroformylation process wherein a common product-catalyst separation zone is employed.

Abstract: A multi-reaction train hydroformylation process wherein a common product-catalyst separation zone is employed.

Abstract: A hydroformylation process that tolerates a high level of methanol in the feed.

Abstract: A hydroformylation process that tolerates a high level of methanol in the feed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved exothermic hydroformylation process having at least two reaction stages. Cooling is provided by externally cooling a stream of reaction mixture from one of the stages, dividing the cooled stream into at least two cooled reaction mixture streams; transferring one cooled reaction mixture stream back into the same reaction stage from which it was removed to cool the reaction mixture in that reaction stage; and transferring at least one cooled reaction mixture stream(s) into and through heat exchange means that cool a different reaction stage, and returning it to the same reaction stage from which it was removed.

Abstract: Disclosed is an improved exothermic hydroformylation process having at least two reaction stages. Cooling is provided by externally cooling a stream of reaction mixture from one of the stages, dividing the cooled stream into at least two cooled reaction mixture streams; transferring one cooled reaction mixture stream back into the same reaction stage from which it was removed to cool the reaction mixture in that reaction stage; and transferring at least one cooled reaction mixture stream(s) into and through heat exchange means that cool a different reaction stage, and returning it to the same reaction stage from which it was removed.

Abstract: A continuous process and system for preparing branched aldehydes by reacting aldehyde with an acid polymeric catalyst absent any metal from Group VIII to produce a product having about 10 to 99.99% by weight branched unsaturated aldehyde and at least 92% selectivity of reaction to the branched aldehyde and recycling a portion of the product.

Abstract: The catalyst solution used in a hydroformylation process is prepared for storage by first reducing its acid concentration and/or water content, and then storing the solution under a blanket of syngas and/or an inert gas. Alternatively, or in addition to, the catalyst solution can be stored with an aqueous buffer comprising materials that will neutralize and/or absorb the acid species within the catalyst solution.

Abstract: Certain ether-esters compounds and certain ether ester coalescents are provided. Also provided are an aqueous coating composition including an aqueous polymeric dispersion and from 0.1% to 40% by weight, based on the weight of the aqueous polymeric dispersion solids, of the glycol ether-ester coalescents and a method for forming a coating from the aqueous coating composition.

Abstract: A method (600, 700) and apparatus (402) for controlling a memory device, such as a synchronous dynamic random access memory (404), includes a user-programmable register containing a new parameter, PRECHARGE DELAY TIME. A memory controller (402) uses the parameter to set a minimum limit through which each page is kept open after an initial access. Subsequent access to the same page cause the controller to reset the limit, thereby extending the open page. Accesses to different pages, refresh operations, and maximum row address strobe parameters can force the page closed. A user can tune the PRECHARGE DELAY TIME to keep pages open through the time period in which it is likely that additional accesses will be to the same page. Conversely, open pages can be closed after that time period is exceeded. In both cases, the memory device will be ready for a subsequent access with minimum latency.