Abstract: A lighting system made up of a plurality of light fixtures which each produce a light beam, in which each of a plurality of varying devices, each having an input and an output, and each capable of varying at least one parameter of the light beam from at least one of the light fixtures, is responsive to a first value received at the input, where the first value corresponds to the desired adjustment of a parameter of the light beam. Each of the varying devices is also capable of generating a second value which represents status information, and transmitting the second value via the output. A controller produces the first value and sends it to an output which is coupled to the input of the varying device. A monitoring device has an input and is separate from the controller, and its input is coupled to the output of the varying device.

Abstract: A hierarchical movie is provided. A hierarchical movie is a movie that contains one or more embedded movies. Embedded movies may themselves contain embedded movies. Each movie contains zero or more media sequences. Within a hierarchical movie, media sequences that should be edited together may be grouped together using embedded movies. The media sequences of a hierarchical movie may be sequenced during playback based on a different time coordinate system than the time coordinate system that governs any embedded movies. This allows a movie to contain both time-based and time-independent media sequences. Also, the relative timing of events in the movie may vary from performance to performance. The hierarchical movie structure allows movies to be used as user interface controls, and even as field-sensitive databases.

Abstract: Lamp dimmers are disclosed in which, in the course of varying average power supplied to the lamp load, the semiconductor power control devices transition between one and the other of substantially conductive and non-conductive power conditions, the duration of the transition by the power control devices themselves is increased beyond the minimum possible duration to reduce generated EMI. The dimmers disclosed provide for varying the direction, duration, shape, and phase angle of transitions.

Abstract: A light dimmer is provided in which semiconductor power devices for each of the polarities of an alternating current supply are coupled between the alternating current supply and a lamp load. In the course of varying average power supplied to the lamp load, the semiconductor power devices transition between an initial one and a subsequent other of substantially conductive and non-conductive power conditions. The duration of the transition by the power device is increased beyond the minimum possible duration to reduce generated EMI. Methods of restoring each power device to its initial condition, including during a subsequent half-cycle, are described.

Abstract: A lighting control system distributes both the alternating current supply and control signals representing desired adjustments to fixture parameters, such as intensity, via connections including power contacts and, for control signals, an electrically isolating coupling comprising an effective source and detector.

Abstract: A light dimmer with semiconductor power devices coupled between an alternating current supply and a lamp load, in the course of varying average power supplied to the lamp load, transitions the power devices under load between one and the other of substantially conductive and non-conductive conditions, increasing the duration of the transition by the power device itself from the minimum possible duration to reduce generated EMI. Undesirable effects of the high current demands of cold lamp filaments are reduced by initially increasing the conductive portion of half-cycles, relative to the proportion required to produce the desired amount of average power, while avoiding transitions at phase angles that would produce excessive losses. A transition shape may be employed in this mode and in normal operation that maximizes audible lamp noise suppression for a given level of thermal losses.

Abstract: A light dimmer, especially useful for entertainment lighting, provides a high degree of stability in dimmer performance by employing a high level of analog negative feedback and correcting for the undesirable effects on dimmer "curve" by precompensating the input value while it is digital. A lighting control system distributes both the alternating current supply and control signals representing desired adjustments to fixture intensity via a housing common to multiple enclosures. Each enclosure contains at least one dimmer and mechanically engages the housing, from which it obtains a power input via power contacts and a control signal via an electrically isolated coupling comprising an effective source on the housing and detector on the enclosure.

Abstract: An electronic dimming apparatus adapted for use in a distributed dimmer system, the distributed dimmer system comprising at least one alternating current supply; a plurality of lamp loads at spaced apart locations; a plurality of dimmer enclosures, the dimmer enclosures adapted to be located at spaced-apart locations in proximity to the lamp loads, each of the dimmer enclosures containing at least one semiconductor power controller coupled between a power input and a power output, the power output coupled to at least one of the lamp loads by at least one power connector; elongated power conductors coupling the power input of each of a plurality of the dimmer enclosures to the alternating current supply, at least a portion of the elongated conductors disposed within an elongated, substantially rigid enclosure, the enclosure mounting a plurality of power connectors at spaced-apart locations; and a trigger for variably controlling the average power supplied to the lamp load, the trigger responsive to at least a

Abstract: A universal handle for household and other hand-held implements, the handle being adapted to ergonomically render the implement to which it is applied useable by individuals who have diffculty in firmly grasping a conventional handle. The universal handle, which is fabricated of elastomeric material having good thermal insulation and cushioning properties, includes an internal cavity to socket the core shank of the implement. The handle has an elliptical cross section, the opposing sides of the handle adjacent its upper end each having a concave depression, in each of which an array of spaced, flexible fins is anchored to define a depressible grip site. When the fingers of a user's hand are clenched about the handle, the internal region of the resultant fist conforms to the form of the handle to provide a good grip thereon, the thumb and forefinger pressing into the grip sites to enhance the user's grip on the handle.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for improving the performance of variable parameter lighting systems. Such systems that employ relatively modest speed serial communications between the controller and the fixtures or devices, yet which must accommodate the relatively large amount of desired adjustment data that must be transmitted over the data link for each lighting effect.

Abstract: A light projector, suitable for entertainment lighting and comprising a light source and associated light collecting means producing an elongated beam having an optical centerline that is preferably substantially horizontal, is provided with a means, typically a mirror, mounted to a first support adapted for rotation about an axis coincident with that centerline, for redirecting the beam through a first plane perpendicular to that substantially horizontal axis and centerline. A second mirror is rotatably mounted to the first support so that the redirected beam falls upon it, redirecting the beam a second time, through a second plane perpendicular to the centerline of the beam in the region between the first and second mirrors; a second plane that is also substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the first support. The first support is supported for rotation about said axis on both sides of the means for redirecting.

Abstract: An improved color-mixing light fixture that produces a beam suitable for entertainment lighting and varies the apparent color of the beam produced by additively mixing varying proportions of light having two or more different spectral energy distributions is disclosed. The disclosed fixture employs a single light source and a single light beam that provides at least one plane at which light energy passing through any given point is evenly distributed across the beam where it reaches the subject, and disposes a filter array having at least three filter segments each having a different bandpass characteristic spaced around an effective center in that plane. Rotation of the filter array about its effective center adjusts the relative proportion of the colors produced by the filter segments and displacement of it in that plane relative to the beam adjusts the relative proportions of filtered and unfiltered light.

Abstract: An improved dimming apparatus adapted for use in distribution dimming systems, in which dimmer enclosures each containing at least one semiconductor power controlling means are located in a plurality of spaced apart locations, each such enclosure located in proximity to at least one of its associated lamp loads. The disclosed dimming apparatus achieves unique advantages in the application through the use of a semiconductor power controlling means capable of modulating the instantaneous amplitude of the voltage or current supplied to the lamp load under the active control of its control input, a signal being applied to the control input of the power controlling means such that an output waveform is supplied to the lamp load in which at least one transition between a substantially off condition and a substantially on condition occurs during substantially each discrete half-cycle of the AC source and the duration of the transition is increased to suppress electro-magnetic interference.

Abstract: Improvements are disclosed to systems adapted for the control of automated or variable parameter lighting fixtures and devices capable of varying a plurality of beam parameters such as the pan, tilt, size, shape, color, and focus on the basis of desired adjustments stored by the control system for each of a plurality of desired lighting effects. Such a control system is provided with a means, such as a port, for coupling to an external device having at least one output and capable of a plurality of conditions each of which may be used to identify a different lighting effect so that the operation of the control system and the external device may be synchronized.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for adjusting the azimuth and elevation of a light projector suitable for entertainment lighting, comprising a light source with associated light collecting and beam forming means producing an elongated beam having an optical centerline is disclosed. A means, typically a mirror, is used to redirect the beam at substantially right angles to the optical centerline, and is rotated to vary beam azimuth through a first plane. Both the light source and the means for redirecting are coupled to a common mechanical support, which is rotated around an effective pivot point perpendicular to the optical centerline and parallel to first plane, to vary beam elevation through a second plane at substantially right angles to the first plane. The unique advantages of the apparatus for remotely-adjusting fixtures and for systems mounting a plurality of lighting fixtures to a common mechanical support are disclosed.

Abstract: The application discloses an improved system for the control of a plurality of light projectors each generating a beam suitable for entertainment lighting and each provided with means to vary a plurality of parameters of the beam and with means to conform capable of cooperating to produce a desired adjustment of the beam when provided with a corresponding desired parameter value. The improved system disclosed employs a plurality of local control systems, each with its own local short-term memory, and means are provided for entering desired parameter values, and for storing said values for each of a plurality of desired lighting effects in the short-term memory of the local control system, such that they are each associated with at least one second value which identifies the desired lighting effect.

Abstract: An electronic dimming apparatus includes a semiconductor power controller which couples a lamp to an alternating current source and variably controls the average power supplied to the lamp by adjusting the relative proportion of each half-cycle in which the power controller is in a conductive condition. The semiconductor power controller is controlled by the output of a transition controller which in turn is connected to a triggering circuit. The triggering circuit is responsive to a first input condition corresponding to desired average power and also responsive to the zero-crossing of the alternating current waveform. The transition controller gradually changes the condition state of the semiconductor power controller between non-conduction and conduction and controls the voltage across the lamp load to maintain a stable rate of voltage change despite lamp impedance variations, thus reducing electromagnetic interference.

Abstract: An improved color changer apparatus for use with lighting fixtures suitable for performance lighting is disclosed. Each of a plurality of parallel-spaced planar filters are adapted to be moved in and out of the fixture beam by rotation in a plane perpendicular to the beam about an effective pivot point. Each such filter is capable of continuous rotation about its effective pivot point and the filters are so shaped that the leading edge of one filter and the trailing edge of another can be aligned such that no ray of light in the beam can pass through either both filters or neither one.

Abstract: In a lighting console which provides outputs to dimmers which include master controls for at least two scenes and channel controls for each of a plurality of channels with the channel controls including at least a first and second scene preset potentiometer, the channel controls and master controls cooperating to allow presetting, and which also includes a buss, with one of the preset potentiometers for each of a plurality of the channels connected to the buss and an output from the master controls being used through suitable amplifiers to drive the buss, a plurality of nondestructive current limiting fault isolating devices are provided for each scene, each connected between the master and at least one of the preset potentiometers for that scene. As a result, the effects of a fault causing abnormal currents to flow which develops after the fault isolating means will not disrupt the operation of channel potentiometers connected to other fault isolating means.

Abstract: A universal handle for household and other hand-held implements, the handle being adapted to ergonomically render the implement to which it is applied useable by individuals who have diffculty in firmly grasping a conventional handle. The universal handle, which is fabricated of elastomeric material having good thermal isulation and cushioning properties, includes an internal cavity to socket the core shank of the implement. The handle has an ellipticl cross section, the opposing sides of the handle adjacent its upper end each having a concave depression, in each of which an array of spaced, flexible fins is anchored to define a depressible grip site. When the fingers of a user's hand are clenched about the handle, the internal region of the resultant fist conforms to the form of the handle to provide a good grip thereon, the thumb and forefinger pressing into the grip sites to enhance the user's grip on the handle.