Abstract: A centrifuge separator for different specific gravity fluid separation. Gas enriched influent is then fed into a rotary impeller, where rotational energy of the impeller is transferred to the incoming fluid creating a forced vortex. Centripetal force exerted on the fluid particles help to separate the fluid/solids to rotate at different radius. Solids are moved towards a periphery of the tube where a cone collector facilitates to collect the solids. The conical shape allows the solids to slide into an annulus. The lighter specific gravity fluids are forced to segregate into two different rotating vortexes by virtue of the rotary motion of the impeller. The gas bubbles mixed with the influent help to accelerate the separation of two different specific gravity fluids.

Abstract: A sonic oil recovery apparatus for use in a well has an injector tubing extending interior of the casing of the well, and a resonator tube affixed to or within the injector tubing. The resonator tube has an interior flow pathway so as to allow a fluid to flow therethrough from the injector tubing. The resonator tube is suitable for transmitting an acoustic signal approximately equal to the resonate frequency of a formation in the well. The resonator tube can have a plurality of orifices plates formed therein such that the fluid flowing through the resonator tube generates the acoustic signal. The resonator tube can alternatively be a solid state acoustic resonator therein.

Abstract: To increase oil recovery from an oil reservoir, an acoustic transmitter is disposed in a source well and an acoustic receiver is disposed in a producing well. A portion of the oil reservoir is disposed between the source well and the producing well. An acoustic signal is transmitted from the acoustic transmitter at frequencies of 30 Hz and greater. The transmitted acoustic signal is received by the acoustic receiver and a resonant frequency of the portion of the oil reservoir is determined based on attenuation of the transmitted signal. The acoustic signal is transmitted from the acoustic transmitter at the determined resonant frequency to reduce a boundary layer effect between oil in the oil reservoir and a surface of a substrate in the oil reservoir and between the oil and a brine interface in the oil reservoir.

Abstract: A method of oil production is provided. The method includes forming an injection well and a production well. The method also includes pumping a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2) into the injection well. In addition, the method also includes minimizing gravity segregation by providing a relatively high level of CO2 in the mixture.

Abstract: A subterranean ground heat exchange system, a method of installation, and a grout composition therefor. The grout composition is a pumpable slurry formed of from about 70 to about 85 parts by weight natural flake graphite and from about 30 to about 15 parts by weight bentonite. The solids content of the pumpable grout slurry is preferably at least 35% by weight and is more preferably at least 40% by weight. The ground exchange apparatus preferably utilizes an improved supply and return header comprised of supply and return ports which are provided through the vertically extending outer wall of a header housing. The header also includes an interior supply conduit which extends from the supply port into the interior of the header housing and includes a bend positioned in the interior of the housing for directing the heat transfer fluid downwardly.

Abstract: A method of oil production is provided. The method includes forming an injection well and a production well. The method also includes pumping a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide (CO2) into the injection well. In addition, the method also includes minimizing gravity segregation by providing a relatively high level of CO2 in the mixture.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for electrolytically controlling the formation of scale and biofilm in water purification and other systems. An anode is deposited on or disposed on or adjacent to a surface, such as that of a quartz UV tube, providing a low pH environment which inhibits the formation of carbonate scale and biofilm.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for electrolytically controlling the formation of scale and biofilm in water purification and other systems. An anode is deposited on or disposed on or adjacent to a surface, such as that of a quartz UV tube, providing a low pH environment which inhibits the formation of carbonate scale and biofilm.

Abstract: A coaxial-flow heat exchanging structure having a proximal end and a distal end for exchanging heat between a source of fluid at a first temperature and the environment (e.g. air, ground, water, slurry etc.) at a second temperature. The coaxial-flow heat transfer structure comprises: a thermally conductive outer tube section, and an inner tube section having an inner flow channel and being coaxially arranged within the outer tube section. An outer flow channel is formed between the inner and outer tube sections, and helically-extending turbulence generator is provided along the outer flow channel, so as to create turbulence along the flow of heat exchanging fluid flowing between the inner and outer flow channels, and thereby increasing the heat transfer through the walls of the outer tube section to the ambient environment.

Abstract: A coaxial-flow heat exchanging structure having a proximal end and a distal end for exchanging heat between a source of fluid at a first temperature and the environment (e.g. air, ground, water, slurry etc.) at a second temperature. The coaxial-flow heat transfer structure comprises: a thermally conductive outer tube section, and an inner tube section having an inner flow channel and being coaxially arranged within the outer tube section. An outer flow channel is formed between the inner and outer tube sections, and helically-extending turbulence generator is provided along the outer flow channel, so as to create turbulence along the flow of heat exchanging fluid flowing between the inner and outer flow channels, and thereby increasing the heat transfer through the walls of the outer tube section to the ambient environment.

Abstract: An coaxial-flow heat exchanging structure having a proximal end and a distal end for exchanging heat between a source of fluid at a first temperature and the environment (e.g. air, ground, water, slurry etc.) at a second temperature. The coaxial-flow heat transfer structure comprises: a thermally conductive outer tube section, and an inner tube section having an inner flow channel and being coaxially arranged within the outer tube section. An outer flow channel is formed between the inner and outer tube sections, and helically-extending turbulence generator is provided along the outer flow channel, so as to create turbulence along the flow of heat exchanging fluid flowing between the inner and outer flow channels, and thereby increasing the heat transfer through the walls of the outer tube section to the ambient environment.

Abstract: A coaxial-flow heat exchanging structure having a proximal end and a distal end for exchanging heat between a source of fluid at a first temperature and the environment (e.g. air, ground, water, slurry etc.) at a second temperature. The coaxial-flow heat transfer structure comprises: a thermally conductive outer tube section, and an inner tube section having an inner flow channel and being coaxially arranged within the outer tube section. An outer flow channel is formed between the inner and outer tube sections, and helically-extending turbulence generator is provided along the outer flow channel, so as to create turbulence along the flow of heat exchanging fluid flowing between the inner and outer flow channels, and thereby increasing the heat transfer through the walls of the outer tube section to the ambient environment.

Abstract: An coaxial-flow heat exchanging structure having a proximal end and a distal end for exchanging heat between a source of fluid at a first temperature and the environment (e.g. air, ground, water, slurry etc.) at a second temperature. The coaxial-flow heat transfer structure comprises: a thermally conductive outer tube section, and an inner tube section having an inner flow channel and being coaxially arranged within the outer tube section. An outer flow channel is formed between the inner and outer tube sections, and helically-extending turbulence generator is provided along the outer flow channel, so as to create turbulence along the flow of heat exchanging fluid flowing between the inner and outer flow channels, and thereby increasing the heat transfer through the walls of the outer tube section to the ambient environment.

Abstract: An axial-flow heat exchanging structure having a proximal end and a distal end for exchanging heat between a source of fluid at a first temperature and the environment (e.g. ground, water, slurry) at a second temperature. The axial-flow heat exchanging structure comprises a thermally-conductive flowguide tube having a hollow conduit extending from said proximal end to said distal end. A spiral-finned tubing is disposed within the hollow conduit of said thermally-conductive flowguide tube, and has a central conduit for conducting a heat exchanging fluid, from said proximal end, along the central conduit towards the distal end, and returning back to the proximal end along a spiral annular flow channel formed between the thermally-conductive flowguide tube and the spiral-finned tubing.

Abstract: An axial-flow heat exchanging structure having a proximal end and a distal end for exchanging heat between a source of fluid at a first temperature and the environment (e.g. ground, water, slurry) at a second temperature. The axial-flow heat exchanging structure comprises a thermally-conductive flowguide tube having a hollow conduit extending from said proximal end to said distal end. A spiral-finned tubing is disposed within the hollow conduit of said thermally-conductive flowguide tube, and has a central conduit for conducting a heat exchanging fluid, from said proximal end, along the central conduit towards the distal end, and returning back to the proximal end along a spiral annular flow channel formed between the thermally-conductive flowguide tube and the spiral-finned tubing.

Abstract: An intense ultraviolet radiation source is disclosed that may be operated in substantially any arbitrary gas environment, without regard to a containment envelope for the ultraviolet radiation source. The intense ultraviolet radiation source can be generated by applying a pulsed or continuous electrical discharge to a partially ionized combustion flame via two electrodes. The combustion flame and electrical discharge can be focused, contained, or confined by gas pressure, electric fields, and/or magnetic fields. Optionally, the thermal energy in the flame and the electrical discharge power input may be augmented with an electromagnetic radiation source, such as a radio-frequency induction heater, a laser, or a microwave generator. Impurities may be placed in contact with or added to the fuel and/or the oxidizer to further alter the emitted ultraviolet radiation spectral brightness as needed.

Abstract: Apparatus for sanitizing water generally includes a line for receiving a flow of water and an injector assembly for introducing an ozone containing gas into the flow of water to produce a first ozonated water having an increased oxygen concentration relative to the flow of water being passed to the injector assembly. The apparatus further includes an electrolytic device, for example, an electrolytic chlorinator cell, positioned to receive the first ozonated water from the injector assembly. The electrolytic device is effective to produce, from the first ozonated water, a second ozonated water including one or more biocidally effective substances other than oxygen gas. The second ozonated water includes biocidally effective substances, for example chlorine, hydroxyl radicals, and/or other effective oxidizing substances.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for electrolytically controlling the formation of scale and biofilm in water purification and other systems. An anode is deposited on or disposed on or adjacent to a surface, such as that of a quartz UV tube, providing a low pH environment which inhibits the formation of carbonate scale and biofilm.

Abstract: An efficient, intense ultraviolet radiation source is disclosed that uses electrodes, external to the UV-generating plasma, to eliminate electrode erosion. High-frequency electrical energy is coupled to the UV-emitting plasma capacitively. The electrodes are attached to the glass envelope in such a way as to minimize or eliminate resistive or capacitive losses. The intense ultraviolet radiation source can be generated by applying a continuous or pulsed/gated high-frequency voltage to the glass envelope via the external electrodes. Electrode erosion is eliminated as a reason for lamp failure and the peak intensity that can be generated without damage is greatly increased.

Abstract: A plasma processing apparatus includes a first chamber having a first wall with an inner peripheral surface and an outlet. A plurality of fluid supplying outlets are disposed along the first wall and are configured to supply a cooling fluid into the first chamber that travels in a circumferential direction around the inner peripheral surface of the first wall and in a direction towards the outlet. The cooling fluid exiting the plurality of fluid supplying outlets forms a cooling layer for cooling the inner peripheral surface of the first wall, and the outlet is configured for allowing the cooling fluid to exit therethrough while retaining the plasma within the chamber.