Abstract: A compact dry-running piston compressor includes at least one cylinder for the compression of air by a corresponding piston, which may be driven by an electric motor with a crank drive made up of a crankshaft and connecting rod. The crank drive is rotatably mounted in an oil-bath-free compressor housing on pre-lubricated roller bearings and generates an internal cooling air flow inside the housing due to its movement cycle. The compressor housing includes two housing sections separated by a partition wall, in order to accommodate the crank drive within the first housing half and the electric motor in the second housing half. A roller bearing common to the crank drive and the electric motor is arranged in the partition wall lying in the cooling air flow passing through the first housing half.

Abstract: A compressor includes a motor having a rotor mounted to a free end of a crank shaft and a stator in a motor housing, and a bearing assembly supporting the crank shaft on the crank shaft housing adjacent the motor housing. The bearing assembly includes a bearing housing mounted to the crank shaft housing and including a bore; and a pair of spaced bearings mounted in the bore of the bearing housing and receiving the crank shaft. The space between the bearings is selected to allow the free end of the crank shaft to deform in synchronization with the movement of the stator and maintain a gap between the rotor and stator over the operating range of the motor.

Abstract: The present air compressor system includes at least one piston stage connected to the air inlet of the compressor by an inlet valve and connected to the compressed air outlet of the compressor by an outlet valve; a motor driving the piston stage; and an adjustable throttle connected between the air inlet and the inlet valve. A controller controls the motor and the throttle to substantially close the throttle to unload the piston stage when necessary.

Abstract: A method for producing a plurality of packages of liquid containers including the steps of dividing the liquid containers into groups representing the packages, applying handles to a film, wherein the film is located in a feeding area for the film, supplying one film to each of the groups of liquid containers via the feeding area, and wrapping each group of liquid containers with the film and the applied handle, thereby completing the packages.

Abstract: A piston compressor includes a crankcase having an interior space. The compressor also includes a crankshaft, at least one connecting rod having a connecting rod head that interacts with the crankshaft. The at least one connecting rod and crankshaft are arranged in the crankcase and the crankcase and the at least one connecting rod are of a non-split configuration to permit assembly of the at least one connecting rod on the crankshaft by a threading into the interior space of the crankcase.

Abstract: A water-cooled piston compressor having at least one air-compressing piston, which can be driven with means for producing a linearly oscillating drive force and which is accommodated in an axially movable manner in a cylinder housing which is closed at the end face via a cylinder head and is provided with water-cooling means, wherein the water-cooling means comprise a cylinder housing which is formed with a double wall and on whose end face facing the cylinder head a plurality of cooling openings are arranged, via which coolant flowing through the double-walled cylinder housing comes into contact with the region of the cylinder head.

Abstract: A multi-cylinder dry-running piston compressor for generating compressed air. The piston compressor includes a crankcase having an interior and a crankshaft rotatably mounted in the crankcase. Also included are two connecting rods mounted in the crankshaft and configured to run counter to one another. Further included are two cylinders mounted in the crankcase and a piston arranged at an end of each of the connecting rods and configured to run in a respective one of the two cylinders.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining the influencing of the state of polarization of optical radiation by an optical system under test, wherein radiation with a defined entrance state of polarization is directed onto the optical system, the exit-side state of polarization is measured, and the influencing of the state of polarization is determined by the optical system with the aid of evaluation of the exit state of polarization with reference to the entrance state of polarization. An analyser arrangement which can be used for this purpose is also disclosed. The method and the apparatus are used, e.g., to determine the influencing of the state of polarization of optical radiation by an optical imaging system of prescribable aperture, the determination being performed in a pupil-resolved fashion.

Abstract: A compressor piston including a piston in a cylinder; a connecting rod connecting the piston to a crankshaft in a crankcase by a roller bearing; and an air inlet line and an air outlet line in a cylinder head. A tube connection between the air inlet line and the crankcase transports cooling air from the inlet line to the crankcase. The tube connection is exterior the cylinder. An inlet valve is connected to the tube connection which opens when the pressure in the crankcase is less than the pressure in the air inlet line; and an outlet valve is connected to the crankcase which opens when the pressure in the crankcase exceeds a predetermined value.

Abstract: The present air compressor system includes an inlet connected to a compression stage, a cooling stage having an inlet connected to an outlet of the compression stage and having an outlet passage; a drain valve having an liquid inlet in and adjacent a bottom of the outlet passage of the cooling stage to drain condensation when opened; and a controller controlling the compression stage and the drain valve.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining the influencing of the state of polarization of optical radiation by an optical system under test, wherein radiation with a defined entrance state of polarization is directed onto the optical system, the exit-side state of polarization is measured, and the influencing of the state of polarization is determined by the optical system with the aid of evaluation of the exit state of polarization with reference to the entrance state of polarization. An analyser arrangement which can be used for this purpose is also disclosed. The method and the apparatus are used, e.g., to determine the influencing of the state of polarization of optical radiation by an optical imaging system of prescribable aperture, the determination being performed in a pupil-resolved fashion.

Abstract: An apparatus for total internal reflection microscopy of a sample, comprising a microscope objective lens; an excitation beam path for passing light through the objective lens to said sample; and a coupling element arranged in a back focal plane of the objective lens or in a plane which is conjugate to said back focal plane; said coupling element comprising a first area for relaying light to the objective lens for total internal reflection illumination of said sample and a second area; wherein said second area is capable of separating light emitted by said sample and passing through said excitation beam path in reverse direction from said excitation beam path; wherein said second area is spatially separate from said first area and does not overlap with said first area; and wherein a distance between said optical axis of the objective lens and that boundary of said first area which is nearer to said optical axis of the objective lens is selected such that the light beams passing from said first area into the o

Abstract: An arrangement of an oil-free compressor apparatus on a rail vehicle for supplying compressed air to pneumatic units assigned to the rail vehicle. The arrangement includes an oil-free compressor and a cooler unit connected with the compressor. The arrangement also includes a rail vehicle having a floor with at least one opening. The compressor is fastened on at least one side to the vehicle floor such that a main axis of rotation of the compressor is arranged essentially vertical with respect to the vehicle floor. The cooler unit interacts with the at least one opening that is configured to take in cooling air to cool the compressor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dry-running piston compressor, in particular for rail vehicles. Said compressor comprises a crankcase (3) for a crankshaft (15) that is rotatably mounted in said crankcase, the latter being provided with at least one pot-type cylinder (4a–4c) comprising a corresponding internal piston (12a, 12e). According to the invention, the crankshaft (15) is connected to one end of a connecting rod (14a, 14c) by means of a connecting rod hearing (16), which forms the first hearing point, in order to convert the rotational displacement into a linear displacement for the piston (12a, 12c) that is mounted at the other end of the connecting rod (14a, 14c) by means of a piston pin bearing (17), which forms the second bearing point. At least one lubricating nipple (18a, 18c) is mounted on the exterior of each connecting rod (14a, 14c) for relubricating the bearing point(s).

Abstract: An apparatus for total internal reflection microscopy of a sample, comprising a microscope objective lens; an excitation beam path for passing light through the objective lens to said sample; and a coupling element arranged in a back focal plane of the objective lens or in a plane which is conjugate to said back focal plane; said coupling element comprising a first area for relaying light to the objective lens for total internal reflection illumination of said sample and a second area; wherein said second area is capable of separating light emitted by said sample and passing through said excitation beam path in reverse direction from said excitation beam path; wherein said second area is spatially separate from said first area and does not overlap with said first area; and wherein a distance between said optical axis of the objective lens and that boundary of said first area which is nearer to said optical axis of the objective lens is selected such that the light beams passing from said first area into the o

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston arrangement for a dual-stage piston compressor, comprising a cranksbaft and several cylinders which house the operating piston. Said arrangement allows two or more low-pressure stages and at least one high-pressure stage to be formed. The invention is characterized in that the two or more low-pressure cylinders are arranged in relation to the high-pressure stage in such a way that said two or more low-pressure cylinders are in phase or are offset by less than ±15° and compress in a position which is offset by 180°±20, in relation to one or more high-pressure cylinders.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining the influencing of the state of polarization of optical radiation by an optical system under test, wherein radiation with a defined entrance state of polarization is directed onto the optical system, the exit-side state of polarization is measured, and the influencing of the state of polarization is determined by the optical system with the aid of evaluation of the exit state of polarization with reference to the entrance state of polarization. An analyser arrangement which can be used for this purpose is also disclosed. The method and the apparatus are used, e.g., to determine the influencing of the state of polarization of optical radiation by an optical imaging system of prescribable aperture, the determination being performed in a pupil-resolved fashion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dry-running piston compressor, in particular for rail vehicles. Said compressor comprises a crankcase (3) for a crankshaft (15) that is rotatably mounted in said crankcase, the latter being provided with at least one pot-type cylinder (4a-4c) comprising a corresponding internal piston (12a, 12e). According to the invention, the crankshaft (15) is connected to one end of a connecting rod (14a, 14c) by means of a connecting rod hearing (16), which forms the first hearing point, in order to convert the rotational displacement into a linear displacement for the piston (12a, 12c) that is mounted at the other end of the connecting rod (14a, 14c) by means of a piston pin bearing (17), which forms the second bearing point. At least one lubricating nipple (18a, 18c) is mounted on the exterior of each connecting rod (14a, 14c) for relubricating the bearing point(s).

Abstract: An arrangement of an oil-free compressor apparatus on a rail vehicle for supplying compressed air to pneumatic units assigned to the rail vehicle. The arrangement includes an oil-free compressor and a cooler unit connected with the compressor. The arrangement also includes a rail vehicle having a floor with at least one opening. The compressor is fastened on at least one side to the vehicle floor such that a main axis of rotation of the compressor is arranged essentially vertical with respect to the vehicle floor. The cooler unit interacts with the at least one opening that is configured to take in cooling air to cool the compressor.

Abstract: A device for the vibration-absorbing mounting of a compressed-air generator including a first spring element which is mounted on a mounting support. A second spring element is provided on which the compressed-air generator is arranged. One of the two spring elements has a spring rigidity in essentially the vertical direction that is maximally half its spring rigidity in essentially the horizontal direction. The second spring element is arranged in series with the first-spring element. The inventive device reduces the acceleration measured at the bottom of the understructure to values which are at least 30% of the values known from the prior art.