Abstract: A method of making a physically stable and homogenous powdered pharmaceutical composition comprising a tiotropium salt and a physiologically acceptable excipient, the method comprising:

Abstract: A toner comprising separate toner particles each of which comprises a fixable core, the core being provided with a conductive surface layer containing a doped electrically conductive polymer and an intermediate layer, particularly a polymer-containing intermediate layer disposed between the surface layer and the core.

Abstract: A toner comprising separate toner particles each of which comprises a fixable core, the core being provided with a conductive surface layer containing a doped electrically conductive polymer and an intermediate layer, particularly a polymer-containing intermediate layer disposed between the surface layer and the core.

Abstract: A pH sensitive microsensor which comprises a substrate on which a sensor membrane is formed by laser ablation of a target and depositing the target material on the substrate.

Abstract: A three-dimensional structure of porous silicon considerably improves the anchorage of sensor-active material such as, for example, enzymes, antibodies, etc., on or in the substrate surface of chemical sensors, in particular silicon-based biosensors. This structure is produced by means of suitable etching which forms pore apertures adapted to the penetrability of the sensor-active material. The pore walls advantageously receive a non-conductive boundary layer which consists of oxides of Si and/or Al or Ta or silicon nitride and are preferably 1-100 nm thick. The porous layer is advantageously between 10 nm and 100 .mu.m thick and the pores are preferably in the form of branched ducts whose average diameter is 1 nm-10 .mu.m and in particular 10-1000 nm. The sensor-active material can optionally be distributed in a glass, solid, plastics or polymer membrane.

Abstract: Novel 9-substituted or unsubstituted thienyl-3,7-dimethyl-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraene derivatives, useful as antitumor agents as well as processes for their preparation and novel intermediates are disclosed.

Abstract: Novel 9-substituted or unsubstituted thienyl-3,7-dimethyl-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraene derivatives, useful as antitumor agents as well as processes for their preparation and novel intermediates are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing (3,4,5,6)-4-benzyloxymethyl-hexahydro-5-hydroxy-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-2-on e, a known intermediate for producing prostaglandins from 5,6-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-endo-3-endo-dicarboxylic acid anhydride and intermediates in this process.

Abstract: Process for synthesizing a prostaglandin from a hexahydro-4-(lower alkoxy)-2H-oxireno[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-b]furan, utilizing as an intermediate in the process a hexahydro-5-hydroxy-2-lower alkoxy-2H-cyclopentab]furan-4-carboxaldehyde, and the novel cyclopenta(b)furan intermediates of the process.

Abstract: Process for synthesizing a prostaglandin from a hexahydro-4-(lower alkoxy)-2H-oxireno [3,4] cyclopenta[1,2-b] furan, utilizing as an intermediate in the process a hexahydro-5-hydroxy-2-lower alkoxy-2H-cyclopenta [b]furan-4-carboxaldehyde, and the novel cyclopenta(b)furan intermediates of the process.

Abstract: Process for synthesizing a prostaglandin from a hexahydro-4-(lower alkoxy)-2H-oxireno[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-b]furan, utilizing as an intermediate in the process a hexahydro-5-hydroxy-2-lower alkoxy-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-carboxyaldehyde, and the novel cyclopenta(b)furan intermediates of the process.

Abstract: Process for synthesizing a prostaglandin from a hexahydro-4-(lower alkoxy)-2H-oxireno[3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-b]furan, utilizing as an intermediate in the process a hexahydro-5-hydroxy-2-lower alkoxy-2H-cyclopenta[b]furan-4-carboxaldehyde, and the novel cyclopenta(b)furan intermediates of the process.