Abstract: A method for the optical detection of an illuminated specimen, wherein the illuminating light impinges in a spatially structured manner in at least one plane on the specimen and several images of the specimen are acquired by a detector in different positions of the structure on the specimen, from which images an optical sectional image and/or an image with enhanced resolution is calculated. The method includes generating a diffraction pattern in the direction of the specimen in or near the pupil of the objective lens or in a plane conjugate to the pupil. A structured phase plate with regions of varying phase delays is dedicated to the diffraction pattern in or near the pupil of the objective lens or in a plane conjugate to said pupil.

Abstract: A configuration for the optical detection of a specimen, wherein the specimen or at least part of the specimen is scanned by means of linear illumination by scanning means, means for linear beam shaping of the illuminating light are provided, and the illuminating light has a preferably periodic structure in at least one spatial direction in that means for generating the structure are disposed in the illuminating beam path, light coming from the specimen is detected and images of the specimen are generated therefrom, at least one optical sectional image through the specimen and/or one image with increased resolution is/are calculated from the images, and means for generating the structure are disposed downstream of the scanning means in the direction of the illumination.

Abstract: A method and a configuration for the depth-resolved optical detection of a specimen, wherein a specimen or a part of the specimen is scanned by means of preferably linear illumination, the illumination of the specimen is periodically structured in the focus in at least one spatial direction, light coming from the specimen is detected and images of the specimen are generated, and at least one optical sectional image and/or one image with enhanced resolution is calculated through the specimen is calculated [sic], images are repeatedly acquired and sectional images are repeatedly blended while changing the orientation of the linear illumination relative to the specimen and/or spatial intervals between from lines exposed to detection light from the illuminated specimen region are generated for the line-by-line non-descanned detection on an area detector or a camera and/or, during a scan, light is further deflected upstream of the detector through the line in the direction of the scan of the specimen.

Abstract: A microscopy method is provided for generating an image of an image field passing in a predetermined depth of a sample to be examined, comprising a plurality of illumination steps, in which a part of the image field is in each case illuminated with a focused illumination beam bundle, which effects the generation of sample radiation on account of an interaction with the sample, detection steps, in which the sample radiation generated is detected, and an evaluation step, in which the image is generated on the basis of the sample radiation detected, wherein a first and second detection step are carried out during each illumination step, wherein sale radiation generated at the focus and outside the focus is detected in the first detection step and a smaller proportion of the sample radiation generated at the focus than in the first detection step and also sample radiation generated outside the focus are detected in the second detection step, and wherein the sample radiation detected in the second detection step i

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for altering an optical and/or mechanical property of a lens that is implanted in an eye, the device including a laser device, which has a laser beam source that provides a pulsed laser beam and an optical unit, which impinges on the implanted lens with the pulsed laser beam. The device also includes a control device, which controls the laser device such that the optical and/or mechanical property of the lens is altered on the basis of non-linear interaction between the laser beam and the lens material.

Abstract: A resolution-enhanced luminescence microscopy method, wherein a sample is excited so as to luminesce, and thus to emit a given luminescence radiation, by irradiation of exciting radiation and an image of the luminescent sample is obtained, wherein the luminescent sample is transferable from a first state of luminescence, in which first state the sample's excitability for emission of the given luminescence radiation increases up to a maximum value as the exciting radiation power increases, into a second state of luminescence, in which second state the sample has reduced excitability for emission of the given luminescence radiation relative to the first state, wherein the maximum value is assigned to a threshold value of exciting radiation power and the sample is transferable into the second state by irradiation of exciting radiation power above the threshold value, the sample being brought into the first state in partial areas and being brought into the second state in adjacent partial areas by irradiating exc

Abstract: Arrangement and method for the optical detection of light radiation which is excited and/or backscattered in a specimen, wherein the illumination of the specimen and/or the detection of the specimen light is carried out by at least two objectives arranged on different sides of the specimen. The specimen illumination is focused in or in the vicinity of a pupil plane of the beam path between the specimen plane and the detection plane at least on one axis and an element for the spatial separation of the illumination light from the detection light are provided in this plane.

Abstract: A device for generating an image of an object is provided, comprising an illumination module, by means of which the object can be illuminated with a pattern whose phase is altered temporally a recording module by means of which a plurality of recordings of the object are carried out during the phase change of the patter, and a processing module, which generates the image from the recordings, wherein the illumination module moves a light beam over the object and modulates its intensity synchronously with the movement such that the beam generates the pattern in scanning fashion.

Abstract: A device for generating an image of an object is provided, comprising an illumination module, by means of which the object can be illuminated with a pattern whose phase is altered temporally, a recording module, by means of which a plurality of recordings of the object are carried out during the phase change of the pattern, and a processing module, which generates the image from the recordings, wherein the illumination module moves a light beam over the object and modulates its intensity synchronously with the movement such that the beam generates the pattern in scanning fashion.

Abstract: An improved confocal microscope system is provided which images sections of tissue utilizing heterodyne detection. The system has a synthesized light source for producing a single beam of light of multiple, different wavelengths using multiple laser sources. The beam from the synthesized light source is split into an imaging beam and a reference beam. The phase of the reference beam is then modulated, while confocal optics scan and focus the imaging beam below the surface of the tissue and collect from the tissue returned light of the imaging beam. The returned light of the imaging beam and the modulated reference beam are combined into a return beam, such that they spatially overlap and interact to produce heterodyne components. The return beam is detected by a photodetector which converts the amplitude of the return beam into electrical signals in accordance with the heterodyne components. The signals are demodulated and processed to produce an image of the tissue section on a display.

Abstract: Microscope with higher resolution with partial spatial superposition in the illumination by an excitation beam and a de-excitation beam and/or a switching beam in a fluorescing sample, whereby the light from the sample is deflected, whereby, in the excitation beam and/or in the de-excitation and/or the switching beam, at least one combination of devices exercising circular and radial influence on the spatial phase is provided.

Abstract: A method for depth-resolved optical detection of a specimen comprises the steps of providing a scanning movement over the specimen or at least a part of the specimen of an illumination light distribution of at least one wavelength which is generated on or in the specimen, providing detection particularly of the light which is influenced based on interaction with the specimen, especially fluorescent light and/or reflected light and/or luminescent light and/or scattered and/or transmitted light, the illumination light having a modulation in at least one spatial direction, and carrying out the scanning movement and detection associated with the scanning with the scanning movement at least in a first and a second different phase position of the modulation and/or first and second frequency of the periodicity of the modulation and calculating at least one optical section image through the specimen or through part of the specimen. Other methods and arrangements are disclosed.

Abstract: A method in which probes are examined by means a microscope. For an illuminated sample, spatially coherent light with at least one continuous wavelength range or a continuously tunable wavelength range is generated, and one or more wavelengths or wavelength ranges in the illumination light are selected in dependence on the prespecified method of examination. The probe is then illuminated with the illumination light with the selected wavelengths or wavelength ranges, the illumination light and the emission light coming from the probe are then subsequently separated, whereby the back radiated illumination light is suppressed in the detection beam before the detection and the emission light is detected. In such a method, the selection of the wavelengths or the wavelength ranges of the illumination light is tuned by means of the separation of the detection light and the illumination light and the suppression of the illumination light in such a manner that a prespecified control variable (R) is optimized.

Abstract: A resolution-enhanced luminescence microscopy method, wherein a sample is excited so as to luminesce, and thus to emit a given luminescence radiation, by irradiation of exciting radiation and an image of the luminescent sample is obtained, wherein the luminescent sample is transferable from a first state of luminescence, in which first state the sample's excitability for emission of the given luminescence radiation increases up to a maximum value as the exciting radiation power increases, into a second state of luminescence, in which second state the sample has reduced excitability for emission of the given luminescence radiation relative to the first state, wherein the maximum value is assigned to a threshold value of exciting radiation power and the sample is transferable into the second state by irradiation of exciting radiation power above the threshold value, the sample being brought into the first state in partial areas and being brought into the second state in adjacent partial areas by irradiating exc

Abstract: Point scanning Laser Scanning Microscope with an element arranged in or near a pupil plane of the beam path between the probe and detection for separation of illumination and detection beams, which element comprises a reflecting or transmitting first region for the transmission of the illumination beam and a transmitting or reflecting second region, lying essentially outside the first region, for the transmission of the probe light, whereby advantageously manipulating devices for the variation of the size and/or the form of the first and/or second region are provided and a method for the adjustment of the microscope with the element wherein the manipulation of the manipulating devices takes place by means of a control circuit.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for the optical examination and/or processing of a sample comprise an element for generating an illumination light, an element arranged downstream of the latter for spectral splitting of the illumination light for generating spatially separated spectral components, an element for parallelizing the split illumination light, an element for focusing the illumination light on or in the sample, wherein the spectral components are superposed, and an element for detecting the sample light, advantageously comprising an element for generating a short-pulse illumination light, an element arranged downstream of the latter for spectral splitting of the illumination light for generating spatially separated spectral components with pulse lengths that are greater than the pulse length of the illumination light, wherein these spectral components are combined again in the sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for measuring an optical penetration that is triggered in a tissue underneath the tissue surface by means of therapeutic laser radiation which a laser-surgical device concentrates in a treatment focus located in said tissue. The inventive device is provided with a detection beam path comprising a lens system which couples radiation emanating from the tissue underneath the tissue surface into the detection beam path. A detector device generating a detection signal which indicates the spatial dimension and/or position of the optical penetration in the issue is arranged downstream of the detection beam path.

Abstract: The invention relates to a laser comprising a cavity which is defined by an end mirror and a decoupling mirror. A fibre comprising an active core is arranged in said cavity and can be excited by pump radiation until it has a multimodal laser activity, in such a way that a plurality of transversal modes form in the cavity. A mixture of modes is present in the fibre, and the decoupling mirror comprises reflection properties for laser and pump radiation, said properties varying according to the location, such that it reflects the pump radiation and the laser radiation which does not leave the active core of the fibre, and significantly decouples low transversal modes.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating a strong source of doubly or multiply entangled photons emitted non-collinearly or collinearly with respect to the pump light that is at frequency 2f includes a laser medium producing classical laser light at fundamental frequency f. A medium for second harmonic generation transforms the light at fundamental frequency f to its second-harmonic frequency 2f and emitting entangled photons non-colinearly with respect to the light at the second harmonic frequency. An optical cavity element around the laser medium and the medium for second harmonic generation includes of at least two mirrors that are highly reflective at the light frequencies f and 2f.

Abstract: An electro-optically active polymer gel material comprising a high molecular weight alignment polymer adapted to be homogeneously dispersed throughout a liquid crystal to control the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules and/or confer mechanical stability is provided. The electro-optically active polymer gel comprises a homogenous gel in which the polymer strands of the gel are provided in low concentration and are well solvated by the small molecule liquid crystal without producing unacceptable slowing of its electrooptic response. During formation of the gel, a desired orientation is locked into the gel by physical or chemical cross-linking of the polymer chains. The electro-optically active polymer is then utilized to direct the orientation in the liquid crystal gel in the “field off” state of a liquid crystal display.