Abstract: A helmet may be worn on a head of a wearer having a shape and a contour. The helmet may have a plurality of layers coupled together including an energy management layer and an outer shell layer disposed over the energy management layer. The plurality of layers are integrally formed with one another, and the energy management layer is configured to absorb and dissipate energy received by the helmet during an impact by an external force. The outer shell layer is configured to disperse and dissipate impact energy from the external force. Each of the plurality of layers has a density and a geometry, and the density or geometry of at least one layer differs from the density or geometry of at least another layer.

Abstract: A chin strap assembly comprises a chin cup and a chin strap for mounting the chin cup to a helmet. The chin cup has a first side for contacting a user's chin and a second side opposite the first side, the second side including a first engaging structure. The chin strap has a second engaging structure for coupling the chin strap to the chin cup via the first engaging structure. The first engaging structure is offset on the chin cup and the second engaging structure is offset on the chin strap to provide various positioning options of the chin cup relative to the helmet.

Abstract: A helmet includes a helmet body and a clip coupled to the helmet body, for retaining a helmet accessory such as a face cage. The clip comprises a first clip section partly defining an aperture into which a part of the helmet accessory can be received and a second clip section located opposite the first clip section. The second clip section has a first end and a second end, the first end partly defining the aperture into which the part of the helmet accessory can be received, and the second end being coupled to the helmet body. The second clip section further includes a ramped surface that can be depressed to provide access to or from the aperture by the part of the helmet accessory. Also disclosed is a clip for retaining a helmet accessory.

Abstract: Refrigeration units for cooling the interior of a trailer or vehicle, related software, systems and methods for deploying and managing such units. The refrigeration unit comprises a refrigeration system configured to mount to the trailer or vehicle. The refrigeration unit further comprises a battery rack configured to receive at least one of a plurality of rechargeable batteries so as to allow it to be swapped into and out of the rack to provide adaptive battery capacity. A power management system is configured to receive DC power from the plural batteries and deliver power to a compressor of the refrigeration system. A controller is configured to control the refrigeration system to cool the interior to a predetermined temperature.

Abstract: Virtual bumpers for autonomous vehicles improve effectiveness and safety as such vehicles are operated. One or more sensor systems having a Lidar sensor and a camera sensor determine proximity of objects around the vehicle and facilitate identification of the environment around the vehicle. The sensor systems are placed at various locations around the vehicle. The vehicle identifies an object and one or more properties of the identified object using the sensor systems. Based on the identified object and the properties of the object, a virtual bumper may be created for that object. For example, if the object is identified as another vehicle moving with a certain velocity, the vehicle may determine a minimum space to avoid the other vehicle, either by changing direction or reducing the velocity of the vehicle, with the minimum space constituting a virtual bumper.

Abstract: A chin strap assembly comprises a chin cup and a chin strap for mounting the chin cup to a helmet. The chin cup has a first side for contacting a user's chin and a second side opposite the first side, the second side including a first engaging structure. The chin strap has a second engaging structure for coupling the chin strap to the chin cup via the first engaging structure. The first engaging structure is offset on the chin cup and the second engaging structure is offset on the chin strap to provide various positioning options of the chin cup relative to the helmet.

Abstract: Virtual bumpers for autonomous vehicles improve effectiveness and safety as such vehicles are operated. One or more sensor systems having a Lidar sensor and a camera sensor determine proximity of objects around the vehicle and facilitate identification of the environment around the vehicle. The sensor systems are placed at various locations around the vehicle. The vehicle identifies an object and one or more properties of the identified object using the sensor systems. Based on the identified object and the properties of the object, a virtual bumper may be created for that object. For example, if the object is identified as another vehicle moving with a certain velocity, the vehicle may determine a minimum space to avoid the other vehicle, either by changing direction or reducing the velocity of the vehicle, with the minimum space constituting a virtual bumper.

Abstract: A helmet includes a helmet body and a clip coupled to the helmet body, for retaining a helmet accessory such as a face cage. The clip comprises a first clip section partly defining an aperture into which a part of the helmet accessory can be received and a second clip section located opposite the first clip section. The second clip section has a first end and a second end, the first end partly defining the aperture into which the part of the helmet accessory can be received, and the second end being coupled to the helmet body. The second clip section further includes a ramped surface that can be depressed to provide access to or from the aperture by the part of the helmet accessory. Also disclosed is a clip for retaining a helmet accessory.

Abstract: A method for forming lithium metal oxides comprised of Ni, Mn and Co useful for making lithium ion batteries comprises providing precursor particulates of Ni and Co that are of a particular size that allows the formation of improved lithium metal oxides. The method allows the formation of lithium metal oxides having improved safety while retaining good capacity and rate capability. In particular, the method allows for the formation of lithium metal oxide where the primary particle surface Mn/Ni ratio is greater than the bulk Mn/Ni. Likewise the method allows the formation of lithium metal oxides with secondary particles having much higher densities allowing for higher cathode densities and battery capacities while retaining good capacity and rate performance.

Abstract: Virtual bumpers for autonomous vehicles improve effectiveness and safety as such vehicles are operated. One or more sensor systems having a Lidar sensor and a camera sensor determine proximity of objects around the vehicle and facilitate identification of the environment around the vehicle. The sensor systems are placed at various locations around the vehicle. The vehicle identifies an object and one or more properties of the identified object using the sensor systems. Based on the identified object and the properties of the object, a virtual bumper may be created for that object. For example, if the object is identified as another vehicle moving with a certain velocity, the vehicle may determine a minimum space to avoid the other vehicle, either by changing direction or reducing the velocity of the vehicle, with the minimum space constituting a virtual bumper.

Abstract: A dental insert consists of a spherical body of a medical grade elastomer. The body has a circumference with a plurality of outwardly extending projections of uniform size and shape distributed evenly about the circumference. The body is not more than 10 mm in diameter, as measured from an outer extremity of the projections. This dental insert has application in implant dentistry and endodontics.

Abstract: A helmet may be worn on a head of a wearer having a shape and a contour. The helmet may have a plurality of layers coupled together including an energy management layer and an outer shell layer disposed over the energy management layer. The plurality of layers are integrally formed with one another, and the energy management layer is configured to absorb and dissipate energy received by the helmet during an impact by an external force. The outer shell layer is configured to disperse and dissipate impact energy from the external force. Each of the plurality of layers has a density and a geometry, and the density or geometry of at least one layer differs from the density or geometry of at least another layer.

Abstract: Virtual bumpers for autonomous vehicles improve effectiveness and safety as such vehicles are operated. One or more sensor systems having a Lidar sensor and a camera sensor determine proximity of objects around the vehicle and facilitate identification of the environment around the vehicle. The sensor systems are placed at various locations around the vehicle. The vehicle identifies an object and one or more properties of the identified object using the sensor systems. Based on the identified object and the properties of the object, a virtual bumper may be created for that object. For example, if the object is identified as another vehicle moving with a certain velocity, the vehicle may determine a minimum space to avoid the other vehicle, either by changing direction or reducing the velocity of the vehicle, with the minimum space constituting a virtual bumper.

Abstract: A dental insert consists of a spherical body of a medical grade elastomer. The body has a circumference with a plurality of outwardly extending projections of uniform size and shape distributed evenly about the circumference. The body is not more than 10 mm in diameter, as measured from an outer extremity of the projections. This dental insert has application in implant dentistry and endodontics.

Abstract: A method for forming lithium metal oxides comprised of Ni, Mn and Co useful for making lithium ion batteries comprises providing precursor particulates of Ni and Co that are of a particular size that allows the formation of improved lithium metal oxides. The method allows the formation of lithium metal oxides having improved safety while retaining good capacity and rate capability. In particular, the method allows for the formation of lithium metal oxide where the primary particle surface Mn/Ni ratio is greater than the bulk Mn/Ni. Likewise the method allows the formation of lithium metal oxides with secondary particles having much higher densities allowing for higher cathode densities and battery capacities while retaining good capacity and rate performance.

Abstract: A chamber air scrubber a chamber with an independent air scrubbing system for configured to adsorb plant odors and emissions. The scrubber includes air scrubbers for cleaning the air. The air scrubbers include a carbon portion with active carbon that adsorbs odors and emissions. The carbon portion includes an outer and an inner cylindrical frame that retain active carbon between them. The air scrubbers also include a series of fans that forces air through the carbon portion. The fans allow the air to pass from a lower chamber to an upper chamber. The air enters through an inlet in the lower chamber before passing over a liquid chiller. The air transfers the thermal energy generated by the plants to a vent in the upper chamber. This serves to eliminate odor from the plants.

Abstract: A method is provided for compensating for factors affecting particulate matter accumulation within an aftertreatment element of an engine exhaust system. The method comprises determining rate of change of flow resistance through the aftertreatment element with time. Regeneration is periodically initiated to reduce particulate matter accumulation within the aftertreatment element. Rate of change of flow resistance through the aftertreatment element over time is correlated with at least a model of particulate matter accumulation within the aftertreatment element and a model of regeneration frequency of the aftertreatment element, based on predetermined values for particulate matter accumulation and regeneration frequency. Action, at least including increasing regeneration frequency, is initiated to compensate for an increased rate of particulate matter accumulation in the aftertreatment element.

Abstract: A microstructure roller apparatus including a handle, an axle, a retention mechanism and a roller cartridge is disclosed herein. The handle can have an axle at one end and a grip portion at the other end. A generally cylindrical roller cartridge can be coupled to the axle by inserting the axle into a central lumen of the roller cartridge. A retention mechanism on the axle can hold the roller cartridge to the axle. The cartridge can include multiple strips that have an array of microstructures along the length and width of each strip. The handle can be weighted to provide a correct amount of pressure to the patient.

Abstract: A method is provided for compensating for variability in ash accumulation rates within an aftertreatment element of an engine exhaust system. The method includes determining flow resistance values through the aftertreatment element and tracking minimum flow resistance values over time. The method also includes correlating the tracked minimum flow resistance values over time, with a model of engine oil consumption rate that is based on predetermined values for model engine oil consumption. The method further includes adjusting the predetermined values based on the tracked minimum flow resistance values over time.

Abstract: A security holster for handguns with capability for use with a handgun with attached flashlight or laser sighting device.