Abstract: A non-dispersive infrared gas analyzer for determining concentrations of carbon dioxide and/or carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides has two measuring cells 4, 6 consecutively traversed by a beam, with an optopneumatic detector 22 for carbon dioxide and an optopneumatic detector 23 for carbon monoxide arranged between them. Detectors 7, 8 for hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides are arranged on the measuring cell 6 located downstream from detectors 22, 23 in the direction of the beam.

Abstract: In a distance measurement to an object, the distance measurement operating according to the FMCW principle, a linear frequency-modulated signal is transmitted and mixed with the signal reflected back from the object, generating a demodulation signal with a frequency proportional to the distance. To determine the distance, at least one estimation signal with an assumed frequency and a variable phase is generated and an estimation error is determined by comparison of the transmitted signal and the estimation signal. The phase of the estimation signal is adaptively varied for the purpose of an error reduction and the frequency of the estimation signal is corrected corresponding to the variation of the phase over time, the distance being determined from the frequency corrected in this manner.

Abstract: A controlled, saturated high frequency power amplifier, which can be used especially as a transmitting amplifier in a T/R module for a phase-controlled (radar) antenna for the X-band (8 GHz to 12 GHz). In this case, a portion of the HF output signal is utilized to generate a control signal, with which the output power is controlled nearly without loss via at least one gate connection for the HF power amplifier components, preferably, field effect transistors, that are components of the power amplifier. The power amplifier thus has a high degree of transmitting effectiveness, even with a pulsed transmitting operation.

Abstract: A computer-based visual schedule management system that provides visual representations of the amount of work scheduled in a manufacturing facility to both enable rapid identification of bottlenecks in the work flow and permit interactive manipulation of job schedules to alleviate conflicts. The user associates realistic images with the work centers of a facility, lays out the work centers on a visual floorplan of the facility to create a graphical shop overview, and instantly refreshes the utilization of each work center in the shop overview. If changes need to be made, the user selects any work center with a pointing device and drills-down to a graphical representation of a production control board to see the details of the jobs that are scheduled for that work center. The user effects changes by simply dragging the job to a new position on the time grid, or by dragging and dropping the job from the production control board of one work center to the production control board of another.

Abstract: A directional coupler that can be produced entirely in integrated technology (MIC or MMIC), particularly for the X-band. The directional coupler can be designed for a high coupling attenuation (>30 dB) and a high directivity (>30 dB) with a large relative bandwidth (approximately 20%). This is achieved with a stepped arrangement comprising a plurality of .lambda./4 waveguide sections and coupling capacitors disposed between the respective paths of the coupler.

Abstract: A driver circuit for the generation of a switching voltage, particularly a negative switching voltage, which is suitable for GaAs technology. Field effect transistors whose electric properties can vary within a wide range and ohmic resistances that do not have to be adjusted later are used. The driver circuit is particularly suited for the selection of HF components.

Abstract: A constant-current source that contains two substantial identical field effect transistors as well as a simple resistance network. The actual saturation current of one of the field effect transistors is measured and converted by the resistance network into a control voltage for the other field effect transistor which produces the desired constant current. With such a circuit, production tolerances, especially tolerances for field effect transistor, as well as operation-dependent temperature variations can be compensated for within a wide range.