Abstract: A delivery apparatus and method for delivering liquid cryogen to a chilling application includes a liquid cryogen feed tank; a liquid cryogen conduit in fluid communication between the liquid cryogen feed tank and the chilling application, wherein the chilling application uses the liquid cryogen to produce an exhaust gas; a device for measuring a temperature of the exhaust gas, the device in operative communication with a controller; and wherein the controller is in communication with the temperature measuring device and a flow control valve, and is configured to receive a signal corresponding to the temperature of the exhaust gas from the temperature measuring device to vary the speed of delivery of the liquid cryogen through the liquid cryogen conduit to the chilling application in response to the temperature of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A delivery apparatus and method for delivering liquid cryogen to a chilling application includes a liquid cryogen feed tank; a liquid cryogen conduit in fluid communication between the feed tank and the chilling application; a weight measurement device for controlling the weight of liquid cryogen to be delivered to the chilling application through the conduit; a flow controller for controlling the speed of delivery of the liquid cryogen to the chilling application; wherein the chilling application uses the liquid cryogen to produce an exhaust gas; a device for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas, the device in operative communication with the flow controller; wherein the flow controller is configured to vary the speed of delivery of liquid cryogen in response to the temperature of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: One embodiment described herein provides a system and method for simulating behavior of a quantum circuit that includes a plurality of quantum gates. During operation, the system receives information that represents the quantum circuit and constructs an undirected graph corresponding to the quantum circuit. A respective vertex within the undirected graph corresponds to a distinct variable in a Feynman path integral used for computing amplitude of the quantum circuit, and a respective edge corresponds to one or more quantum gates. The system identifies a vertex within the undirected graph that is coupled to at least two two-qubit quantum gates; simplifies the undirected graph by removing the identified vertex, thereby effectively removing the two-qubit quantum gates coupled to the identified vertex; and evaluates the simplified undirected graph, thereby facilitating simulation of the behavior of the quantum circuit.

Abstract: A delivery apparatus and method for delivering liquid cryogen to a chilling application includes a liquid cryogen feed tank; a liquid cryogen conduit in fluid communication between the feed tank and the application, wherein the feed tank is in fluid communication with a vessel which is in fluid communication with the conduit between the feed tank and the application; a weight measurement device for controlling the weight of liquid cryogen to be delivered to the application through the conduit; a flow controller for controlling the speed of delivery of the liquid cryogen to the application; wherein the application utilizes the liquid cryogen and produces an exhaust gas; a device for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas, the device in operative communication with the flow controller; wherein the flow controller is configured to vary the speed of delivery of liquid cryogen from the vessel through the conduit in response to the temperature of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: The invention disclosed herein relates to a dry sensor for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a liquid beverage sample. Described herein is a novel dry sensor which is able to receive a liquid sample and adjust the pH of the liquid to be suitable for assaying an analyte of interest without the need to add reagents to the sample and/or to perform manually timed operations and able to detect a redox reaction in the presence of a liquid sample. The meter disclosed herein, when connected to the sensor disclosed herein is able to adjust the temperature of the liquid to be suitable for the assay, apply a series of potentials, measure the current at several times, measure the diffusion coefficient of the limiting electrochemical species, calculate the concentration of one or more analytes, and rapidly provide the user with the required information on the liquid sample.

Abstract: A delivery apparatus and method for delivering liquid cryogen to a chilling application includes a liquid cryogen feed tank; a liquid cryogen conduit in fluid communication between the feed tank and the chilling application; a weight measurement device for controlling the weight of liquid cryogen to be delivered to the chilling application through the conduit; a flow controller for controlling the speed of delivery of the liquid cryogen to the chilling application; wherein the chilling application uses the liquid cryogen to produce an exhaust gas; a device for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas, the device in operative communication with the flow controller; wherein the flow controller is configured to vary the speed of delivery of liquid cryogen in response to the temperature of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: A delivery apparatus and method for delivering liquid cryogen to a chilling application includes a liquid cryogen feed tank; a liquid cryogen conduit in fluid communication between the feed tank and the application, wherein the feed tank is in fluid communication with a vessel which is in fluid communication with the conduit between the feed tank and the application; a weight measurement device for controlling the weight of liquid cryogen to be delivered to the application through the conduit; a flow controller for controlling the speed of delivery of the liquid cryogen to the application; wherein the application utilizes the liquid cryogen and produces an exhaust gas; a device for measuring the temperature of the exhaust gas, the device in operative communication with the flow controller; wherein the flow controller is configured to vary the speed of delivery of liquid cryogen from the vessel through the conduit in response to the temperature of the exhaust gas.

Abstract: One embodiment described herein provides a system and method for simulating behavior of a quantum circuit that includes a plurality of quantum gates. During operation, the system receives information that represents the quantum circuit and constructs an undirected graph corresponding to the quantum circuit. A respective vertex within the undirected graph corresponds to a distinct variable in a Feynman path integral used for computing amplitude of the quantum circuit, and a respective edge corresponds to one or more quantum gates. The system identifies a vertex within the undirected graph that is coupled to at least two two-qubit quantum gates; simplifies the undirected graph by removing the identified vertex, thereby effectively removing the two-qubit quantum gates coupled to the identified vertex; and evaluates the simplified undirected graph, thereby facilitating simulation of the behavior of the quantum circuit.

Abstract: A system may include a display element. The display element may include pixel groups. Each of the pixel groups may include: a first sub-pixel configured to output light of a first color; a second sub-pixel configured to output light of a second color; a third sub-pixel configured to output light of a third color; and a fourth sub-pixel configured to output light, wherein the fourth sub-pixel has a maximum brightness that is dimmer than a maximum brightness of each of the first sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel, and the third sub-pixel.

Abstract: One embodiment described herein provides a system and method for simulating behavior of a quantum circuit that includes a plurality of quantum gates. During operation, the system receives information that represents the quantum circuit and constructs an undirected graph corresponding to the quantum circuit. A respective vertex within the undirected graph corresponds to a distinct variable in a Feynman path integral used for computing amplitude of the quantum circuit, and a respective edge corresponds to one or more quantum gates. The system identifies a vertex within the undirected graph that is coupled to at least two two-qubit quantum gates; simplifies the undirected graph by removing the identified vertex, thereby effectively removing the two-qubit quantum gates coupled to the identified vertex; and evaluates the simplified undirected graph, thereby facilitating simulation of the behavior of the quantum circuit.

Abstract: A system may include a display element. The display element may include pixel groups. Each of the pixel groups may include: a first sub-pixel configured to output light of a first color; a second sub-pixel configured to output light of a second color; a third sub-pixel configured to output light of a third color; and a fourth sub-pixel configured to output light, wherein the fourth sub-pixel has a maximum brightness that is dimmer than a maximum brightness of each of the first sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel, and the third sub-pixel.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a system includes a first structure comprising a first aperture and a second structure comprising a second aperture. The system also includes a first pin configured to be inserted into the first aperture of the first structure and a retaining device configured to be coupled to the first pin. The system further includes a second pin configured to be inserted into the second aperture of the second structure and coupled to the first pin. The first pin includes a first shoulder and a second shoulder, the first shoulder having a different diameter than the second shoulder.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a method are disclosed. The ADC has a quantizer. The quantizer comprises a linear-feedback shift register (LFSR), a decoder configured to provide a plurality of switch control signals at a plurality of decoder outputs, respectively, the plurality of switch control signals responsive to a LFSR value of the LFSR output; an electrical reference, the electrical reference having a plurality of reference outputs, the electrical reference configured to provide a plurality of reference levels at the plurality of reference outputs, respectively; a first switch providing a first switch output and a second switch output; and a comparator, the comparator having a signal input, a first reference input, and a second reference input, the first reference input connected to the first switch output, and the second reference input connected to the second switch output.

Abstract: An interconnect element includes a semiconductor or insulating material layer that has a first thickness and defines a first surface; a thermally conductive layer; a plurality of conductive elements; and a dielectric coating. The thermally conductive layer includes a second thickness of at least 10 microns and defines a second surface of the interconnect element. The plurality of conductive elements extend from the first surface of the interconnect element to the second surface of the interconnect element. The dielectric coating is between at least a portion of each conductive element and the thermally conductive layer.

Abstract: One embodiment described herein provides a system and method for simulating behavior of a quantum circuit that includes a plurality of quantum gates. During operation, the system receives information that represents the quantum circuit and constructs an undirected graph corresponding to the quantum circuit. A respective vertex within the undirected graph corresponds to a distinct variable in a Feynman path integral used for computing amplitude of the quantum circuit, and a respective edge corresponds to one or more quantum gates. The system identifies a vertex within the undirected graph that is coupled to at least two two-qubit quantum gates; simplifies the undirected graph by removing the identified vertex, thereby effectively removing the two-qubit quantum gates coupled to the identified vertex; and evaluates the simplified undirected graph, thereby facilitating simulation of the behavior of the quantum circuit.

Abstract: A method of localizing portable apparatus (200) obtains: a stored experience data set comprising a set of connected nodes; captured location representation data provided by at least one sensor associated with the portable apparatus, and a current pose estimate of the portable apparatus within the environment. The pose estimate is used to select a candidate set of the nodes that contain a potential match for the captured location representation data. The pose estimate is used to obtain a set of paths from path memory data, each said path comprising a set of said nodes previously traversed in the environment under similar environmental/visual conditions. The set of paths is used to refine the candidate set. The captured location representation data and the refined candidate set of nodes is compared in order to identify a current pose of the portable apparatus within the environment.

Abstract: A component, e.g., interposer has first and second opposite sides, conductive elements at the first side and terminals at the second side. The terminals can connect with another component, for example. A first element at the first side can comprise a first material having a thermal expansion coefficient less than 10 ppm/° C., and a second element at the second side can comprise a plurality of insulated structures separated from one another by at least one gap. Conductive structure extends through at least one insulated structure and is electrically coupled with the terminals and the conductive elements. The at least one gap can reduce mechanical stress in connections between the terminals and another component.