Abstract: A bending transducer has a piezoelectret carried on a substrate of electrically insulating material. An electrically conductive coating, such as a foil, a grid foil, a grid mesh, or mutually parallel strips, connects the inner electrode of the piezoelectret to the substrate and forms electrical contact with the inner electrode at a number of points. The bending transducer is particularly suited for driving a drafting, weaving or knitting machine in the textile industry.

Abstract: The invention relates to a piezoelectric bending transducer (1), comprising a support body (3), a stack (4) of piezoceramic layers (6), arranged thereon and flat electrodes (7, 8) arranged between the layers (6). On the side of the support body (3) facing the stack (4) an adaptation layer (10) is arranged with essentially the same coefficient of expansion as the piezoceramic. The bending transducer (1) displays a good actuating power and a low thermal natural distortion with economical production costs. Said transducer is particularly suitable for application in a valve.

Abstract: The piezoelectric bending transducer has a support formed of a fiber-reinforced thermosetting material and a piezoceramic layer thermobonded to at least one side of the support. The fiber material has a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than −0.5·10−6/K and the fibers extend unidirectionally and parallel to the longitudinal direction of the support. The novel bending transducer exhibits superior deflection capabilities.

Abstract: A bending transducer has a piezoelectret carried on a substrate of electrically insulating material. An electrically conductive coating, such as a foil, a grid foil, a grid mesh, or mutually parallel strips, connects the inner electrode of the piezoelectret to the substrate and forms electrical contact with the inner electrode at a number of points. The bending transducer is particularly suited for driving a drafting, weaving or knitting machine in the textile industry. The bending transducer is produced by connecting a substrate of electrically insulating material with a piezoelectret having an inner electrode facing towards the substrate, and placing an electrically conductive coating between the substrate and the piezoelectret such that electrical contact is made between the conductive coating and an inner electrode of the piezoelectret at a plurality of locations.

Abstract: A piezoelectric bending transducer having a supporting element and a piezoelectrically active layer applied to at least one side of the supporting element. In order to reduce the inherent thermal distortion, an adaptation layer with a predefined volume is applied to the piezoelectrically active layer.

Abstract: The piezoelectric bending transducer has a support formed of a fiber-reinforced thermosetting material and a piezoceramic layer thermobonded to at least one side of the support. The fiber material has a coefficient of thermal expansion of less than −0.5·10−6/K and the fibers extend unidirectionally and parallel to the longitudinal direction of the support. The novel bending transducer exhibits superior deflection capabilities.

Abstract: A piezoelectric bending transducer comprises a flat, electrically conductive supporting body having piezoceramic coatings on both sides. Each coating has an inner contact area facing the supporting body and an outer contact area facing away from the supporting body. The piezoceramic coatings are omitted from one end of the supporting body, which is fixed in a connector base. Each of the two coatings and the supporting body are electrically connected to a plug-in contact that includes an electrically conductive elastomer in a cavity in the connecting body. The elastomer is partially elastically deformed by a contact pin inserted thereinto. As a result of the ease with which electrical connections can thus be made to the transducers, this arrangement is particulary adapted for incorporation into a transducer module with plural transducers secured adjacent to each other in a common connector base.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element has a first and a second stack containing a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic layers and has an intermediate layer disposed between the first and the second stacks. The intermediate layer is formed as a supporting body made of a fiber composite material or glass. Such a multimorphous piezoelectric element exhibits a high efficiency and a high mechanical stability and, in addition, can be operated with low voltages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a methylene-bridged biscyclopentadienyl compound having the formula I where L are, independently of one another, identical or different and are each a cyclopentadienyl group, by reacting one or two cyclopentadienyl compounds LH with formaldehyde in monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric form or formaldehyde-generating reagents in the presence of at least one base and at least one phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process to prepare an olefin using a transition metal compound of the formula I as a catalyst component where M1 is a metal of group IIIb, IVb or Vb of the Periodic Table of the Elements, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom or a substituent, R5 are identical or different and are a substituent, Y are identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom, a C1-C40-hydrocarbon-containing group, an OH group, a halogen atom or an NR52 group, where R5 are identical or different and are each a halogen atom, a C1-C10-alkyl group or a C6-C10-aryl group, k is an integer which corresponds to the valence of the transition metal atom M1 minus two and if Y is a butadiene unit, k is 1, A is a bridge.

Abstract: Guanidinium phosphanes of Formula I wherein the substituents are defined as in the specification which are useful catalyst ligands for the carbon-carbon linkage reactions of the hect reaction.

Abstract: A method of stabilizing aliphatic C.sub.3 -C.sub.14 -aldehydes against polymerization and autocondensation by the addition of alkaline substances to the aldehydes wherein the alkaline substances used are alkali metal hydroxides, alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal carbonates, alkaline earth metal carbonates or alkali metal carboxylates which are added to the aldehyde to be stabilized in amounts of 0.05-20 ppm, based on the aldehyde.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transition metal compound of the formula I ##STR1## where M.sup.1 is a metal of group IIIb, IVb or Vb of the Periodic Table of the Elements,R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.40 -hydrocarbon-containing group, an --SiR.sup.5.sub.3, --NR.sup.5.sub.2, --Si(OR.sup.5).sub.3, --Si(SR.sup.5).sub.3 or --PR.sup.5.sub.2 radical, where R.sup.5 are identical or different and are each a halogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl group or a C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl group, or two or more radicals R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 or R.sup.4 together with the atoms connecting them form a ring system,Y are identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.40 -hydrocarbon-containing group, an OH group, a halogen atom or an NR.sup.5.sub.2 group,k is an integer which corresponds to the valence of the transition metal atom M.sup.1 minus two and if Y is a butadiene unit, k is 1,A is a bridge,R.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transition metal compound of the formula I ##STR1## where M.sup.1 is a transition metal of group IIIb, IVb, Vb or VIb of the Periodic Table of the Elements,Y are identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom, an OH group, a halogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.40 -hydrocarbon-containing group or an NR.sup.15.sub.2 group, where R.sup.15 is a halogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl group or a C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl group, k is an integer which corresponds to the valence of the transition metal atom M.sup.1 minus two and, if Y is a butadiene unit, k is 1,R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 are identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.40 -hydrocarbon-containing group, an --SiR.sup.15.sub.3, --NR.sup.15.sub.2, --SiOR.sup.15.sub.3, --SiSR.sup.15.sub.3 or --PR.sup.15.sub.2 radical, where R.sup.15 is a halogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 -alkyl group or a C.sub.6 -C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a stereorigid metallocene compound having as ligands at least two substituted or unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl groups which are connected to one another via a five-membered ring, where at least one cyclopentadienyl group is fused onto the five-membered ring and the ligand system of the stereorigid metallocene compound is different from 4-[.eta..sup.5 -3'-alkylcyclopentadienyl)-4,6,6-trimethyl-(.eta..sup.5 -2-alkyl-4,5-tetrahydropentalene]. The metallocene compound of the invention is suitable as a catalyst component for olefin polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metallocene compound of the formula I, ##STR1## where Cp is an unsubstituted or substituted cyclopentadienyl group, Ind is unsubstituted or substituted indenyl, M is a tetravalent metal, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are, independently of one another, identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -hydrocarbon radical, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are, independently of one another, identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -hydrocarbon radical, m is 1 or 2 and k and l are 1 when m is 1 when m is 1 and k and l are zero when m is 2. The metallocene compound is suitable as a catalyst component for olefin polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a cycloolefin copolymer by polymerization of at least one cyclic olefin and at least one acyclic olefin in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one metallocene compound of the formula I, ##STR1## where L is a .pi.-ligand, L' is a .pi.-ligand, T is a bridge between L and L', M is a tetravalent transition metal, m is 1 or 2 and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are, independently of one another, identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -hydrocarbon radical.

Abstract: Process for preparing a methylene-bridged cyclopentadienyl compoundThe present invention relates to a process for preparing a methylene-bridged biscyclopentadienyl compound having the formula I ##STR1## Where L are, independently of one another, identical or different and are each a cyclopentadienyl group, by reactin one or two cyclopentadienyl compounds LH with formaldehyde in monomeric, oligomeric or polymeric form or formaldehyde-generating reagents in the presence of at least one base and at least one phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a cycloolefin copolymer by polymerization of at least one cyclic olefin and at least one acyclic olefin in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one metallocene compound of the formula I, ##STR1## where L is a .pi.-ligand, L' is a .pi.-ligand, T is a bridge between L and L', M is a tetravalent transition metal, m is 1 or 2 and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are, independently of one another, identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 -hydrocarbon radical.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metallocene compound of the formula IR.sup.5.sub.n Cp.sup.1 Cp.sup.2 M.sup.1 R.sup.1 R.sup.2 (I)where Cp.sup.1 and Cp.sup.2 are, independently of one another, identical or different and are each an unsubstituted or substituted cyclopentadienyl group, n=zero or 1, R.sup.5 is a bridge, M.sup.1 is a metal of group IVb, Vb or VIb of the Periodic Table of the Elements, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and are each a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.40 -group, wherein at least one of the two groups Cp.sup.1 and Cp.sup.2 is a substituted cyclopentadienyl group which bears at least one cyclic C.sub.3 -C.sub.30 -group containing at least one heteroatom in the ring, or which bears a fused-on C.sub.2 -C.sub.30 ring system containing at least one heteroatom in the ring.The metallocene compound can be used as a catalyst component for olefin polymerization.