Abstract: A computer includes a processor, a PCIe-compatible interface bus that includes a root that is connected to the processor, and a routing complex that is connected to the root and is controlled by the processor. The computer also includes a first interface slot that is connectable to the root by the switches, a second interface slot that is connectable to the root by the switches, and an extended interface slot that is connectable to the root by the switches. The switches are configured based on properties of a first peripheral device to define a first switching configuration when the first peripheral device is connected only to the first interface slot and to define a second switching configuration when the first peripheral device is connected to both of the first interface slot and the extended interface slot.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of a device that load balances a first plurality of Peripheral Connect Interconnect ports is described. In an exemplary embodiment, the device detects a second plurality of PCI ports in the device. In addition, the device determines a load for each port in the first and second plurality of PCI ports and sorts the second plurality of PCI ports. The device further load balances the first plurality of PCI ports using at least a PCIe switch and the load determination of the second plurality of PCI ports. The device additionally communicates data between the first and second plurality of PCI ports.

Abstract: Various techniques related to authenticating and verifying the integrity of data received by a computer system from an external source (such as a sensor) are disclosed. Hardware circuits are disclosed that, along with the computer processor, allow for error-checking and authentication of data received by the computer system. For instance, the hardware circuits may generate a separate authentication code that can be compared to the authentication code in the data itself to determine whether or not the message is authentic and whether or not there is an error in the data. The disclosed techniques reduce the processing requirements of a computer system and can be implemented using simple hardware circuit designs.

Abstract: A computer includes a processor, a PCIe-compatible interface bus that includes a root that is connected to the processor, and a routing complex that is connected to the root and is controlled by the processor. The computer also includes a first interface slot that is connectable to the root by the switches, a second interface slot that is connectable to the root by the switches, and an extended interface slot that is connectable to the root by the switches. The switches are configured based on properties of a first peripheral device to define a first switching configuration when the first peripheral device is connected only to the first interface slot and to define a second switching configuration when the first peripheral device is connected to both of the first interface slot and the extended interface slot.

Abstract: A computer includes a processor, a PCIe-compatible interface bus that includes a root that is connected to the processor, and a routing complex that is connected to the root and is controlled by the processor. The computer also includes a first interface slot that is connectable to the root by the switches, a second interface slot that is connectable to the root by the switches, and an extended interface slot that is connectable to the root by the switches. The switches are configured based on properties of a first peripheral device to define a first switching configuration when the first peripheral device is connected only to the first interface slot and to define a second switching configuration when the first peripheral device is connected to both of the first interface slot and the extended interface slot.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of a device that load balances a first plurality of Peripheral Connect Interconnect ports is described. In an exemplary embodiment, the device detects a second plurality of PCI ports in the device. In addition, the device determines a load for each port in the first and second plurality of PCI ports and sorts the second plurality of PCI ports. The device further load balances the first plurality of PCI ports using at least a PCIe switch and the load determination of the second plurality of PCI ports. The device additionally communicates data between the first and second plurality of PCI ports.

Abstract: A computer includes a processor, a PCIe-compatible interface bus that includes a root that is connected to the processor, and a routing complex that is connected to the root and is controlled by the processor. The computer also includes a first interface slot that is connectable to the root by the switches, a second interface slot that is connectable to the root by the switches, and an extended interface slot that is connectable to the root by the switches. The switches are configured based on properties of a first peripheral device to define a first switching configuration when the first peripheral device is connected only to the first interface slot and to define a second switching configuration when the first peripheral device is connected to both of the first interface slot and the extended interface slot.

Abstract: A method and system are described for reducing latency in a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) link between a host and an endpoint. In the described embodiments, an interrupt is issued from the endpoint to the host using the PCIe link. Then, while the interrupt is pending at the host, the PCIe link is prevented from entering a power-saving mode with an exit latency greater than a predetermined time period.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a system that facilitates use of a network of components in a computer system. The system includes a bandwidth-allocation apparatus that provides a write transaction limit for a component on the network. The system also includes a transaction-management apparatus that compares the write transaction limit to a set of outstanding write transactions for the component upon detecting a write transaction from the component to the network. If the write transaction causes the set of outstanding write transactions to exceed the write transaction limit, the transaction-management apparatus restricts transmission of the write transaction over the network.

Abstract: A method and system are described for reducing latency in a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) link between a host and an endpoint. In the described embodiments, an interrupt is issued from the endpoint to the host using the PCIe link. Then, while the interrupt is pending at the host, the PCIe link is prevented from entering a power-saving mode with an exit latency greater than a predetermined time period.

Abstract: A method and system are described for reducing latency in a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) link between a host and an endpoint. In the described embodiments, an interrupt is issued from the endpoint to the host using the PCIe link. Then, while the interrupt is pending at the host, the PCIe link is prevented from entering a power-saving mode with an exit latency greater than a predetermined time period.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for efficiently transporting data through network tunnels. In one embodiment, a tunneled device advertises certain capabilities to peer devices of a network, and discovers capabilities of peer devices of the network. In a second embodiment, each device of a tunneled network derives a network parameter from a transit protocol parameter for use in data networking.

Abstract: A high-speed I/O interface that allows a number of native I/O formats to be encapsulated into PCIe Vendor Defined Messages (“VDMs”) for transfer over a single physical medium, preferably optical, and is thus referred to as the converged I/O (“CIO”) interface. The devices can be designed to provide synchronization (time value, frequency, and phase) among a network of routers, with signal paths of several meters, thereby providing an accurate time base suitable for exacting audiovisual applications.

Abstract: A method and system are described for reducing latency in a peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) link between a host and an endpoint. In the described embodiments, an interrupt is issued from the endpoint to the host using the PCIe link. Then, while the interrupt is pending at the host, the PCIe link is prevented from entering a power-saving mode with an exit latency greater than a predetermined time period.

Abstract: The disclosed embodiments provide a system that facilitates use of a network of components in a computer system. The system includes a bandwidth-allocation apparatus that provides a write transaction limit for a component on the network. The system also includes a transaction-management apparatus that compares the write transaction limit to a set of outstanding write transactions for the component upon detecting a write transaction from the component to the network. If the write transaction causes the set of outstanding write transactions to exceed the write transaction limit, the transaction-management apparatus restricts transmission of the write transaction over the network.

Abstract: A high-speed optical interface for connecting computers to external I/O devices allows a number of native I/O formats to be encapsulated into PCIe Vendor Defined Messages (“VDMs”) for transfer over a single physical medium, preferably optical, and is thus referred to as the converged I/O (“CIO”) interface. Standard PCIe bridges are modified to support peer-to-peer communications, allowing greater exploitation of the capabilities of PCIe.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for efficiently transporting data through network tunnels. In one embodiment, a tunneled device advertises certain capabilities to peer devices of a network, and discovers capabilities of peer devices of the network. In a second embodiment, each device of a tunneled network derives a network parameter from a transit protocol parameter for use in data networking.

Abstract: A current sensor assembly that monitors current flow through segments of a fuel cell stack. The current sensor assembly includes a first plate including a first non-conductive substrate having a first conductive path therethrough and that is in electrical communication with a first segment of the fuel cell stack. A second plate includes a second non-conductive substrate having a second conductive path therethrough and that is in electrical communication with a second segment of the fuel cell stack. A first current sensor is operably disposed between the first plate and the second plate and facilitates a first current flow between the first conductive path and the second conductive path. The first current sensor generates a first current signal based on the first current flow.