Abstract: Disclosed herein is an efficient method of generating a library of variants of a sequence of interest, such as may be used in directed evolution, in one embodiment, the method includes an amplification reaction, e.g. error-prone PCR, to generate double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) variants of a sequence of interest, after which one strand of the dsDNA variants may be selectively degraded to produce single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) variants. The ssDNA variants may be hybridized to ssDNA intermediaries, e.g., uracilated circular ssDNA intermediaries, to form heteroduplex DNA, which may be transformed into cells, such as E. coli cells, yielding a library of variants. This method eliminates the inefficient sub-cloning steps and the need for costly primer sets required by many prior methods.

Abstract: Security measures for signal paths with tree structures can be implemented at design phase using an EDA software program or tool with security feature functionality that, when executed by a computing system, directs the computing system to: display a canvas through which components of a circuit are arranged; and provide a menu of commands, including an option to add components from a library to the canvas and an option to secure a tree. In response to receiving a selection of the option to secure the tree, the system can be directed to add a hardware countermeasure coupled to at least two lines or terminal nodes of a tree structure identified from components on the canvas or in a netlist corresponding to a circuit's design.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus comprising analogue circuitry comprising an entropy source, the entropy source being configured to provide a random output. The apparatus comprises first digital circuitry to receive the output of the entropy source and, based on said output, generate random numbers, and second digital circuitry to receive the output of the entropy source and, based on said output, generate random numbers, the second digital circuitry being a duplicate of the first digital circuitry. The apparatus comprises difference detection circuitry to determine a difference of operation between the first digital circuitry and the second digital circuitry. Each of the first digital circuitry and the second digital circuitry comprises entropy checking circuitry to check the entropy of the output of the entropy source.

Abstract: A method for obfuscation of operations using minimal additional hardware is presented herein. The method can begin by executing a first iteration of a set of computations, the execution of the set of computations resulting in a first iteration output. The method can continue by executing a second iteration of the set of computations, wherein the second execution is distinct from the first iteration but should satisfy a matching condition. The distinction can be a rearrangement of sub-operations, insertion of dummy sub-operations, or a combination of the two. After the iterations are complete, the iteration outputs can be compared. If the comparison of the first iteration output and the second iteration output satisfy the matching condition, the process result can be output. If the matching condition is not satisfied, an error detected signal can be output.

Abstract: A method for obfuscating data at-transit can include receiving a request for communicating data, determining a sequence of data at-transit for a window of time; and providing the sequence of the data at transit for performing communications across interconnect to another component. The described method can be carried out by an obfuscation engine implemented in an electronic system such as within a secure element. A secure element can include a processor and a memory. The obfuscation engine can be part of the processor, part of the memory, or a stand-alone component.

Abstract: A hardware queue for an integrated circuit device includes an internal queue memory and at least one external queue memory. The internal queue memory and the external queue memory are operated as a continuous hardware queue memory by monitoring occupancy of the internal queue memory and, based on that occupancy, controlling an internal tail pointer indicating a next write point for inserting new data into the internal queue memory, an internal head pointer indicating a next read point for extracting data from the internal queue memory based on order of insertion, at least one external tail pointer indicating a next write point for inserting new data into the external queue memory, at least one external head pointer indicating a next read point for extracting data from the external queue memory based on order of insertion, and wrap pointers indicating transitions between the internal queue memory and the external queue memory.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides, among other things, a method of generating antibodies that recognize a protein of interest. In some aspects, the protein of interest contains a post translational modification (PTM) site. Provided in some aspects is a method of generating non-PTM-binding antibodies that specifically bind a site without post translational modification. Provided in some aspects is a pan-PTM-binding antibody library comprising a plurality of antibodies derived from a pre-existing antibody that specifically recognizes a PTM on a peptide or protein of interest. Provided in further aspects is a non-PTM-binding antibody library comprising a plurality of antibodies derived from a pre-existing antibody that specifically recognizes a PTM on a peptide or protein of interest.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel microfluidic substrates and methods that are useful for performing biological, chemical and diagnostic assays. The substrates can include a plurality of electrically addressable, channel bearing fluidic modules integrally arranged such that a continuous channel is provided for flow of immiscible fluids.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides, among other things, methods for generating antibodies against a target protein. In some embodiments, a library is provided comprising a plurality of tether antibodies comprising an antigen binding region and a ligand that binds to a target protein. In some embodiments, a library is provided comprising a plurality of candidate antibodies for binding to a target protein.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure relate to an apparatus comprising analogue circuitry comprising an entropy source, the entropy source being configured to provide a random output. The apparatus comprises first digital circuitry to receive the output of the entropy source and, based on said output, generate random numbers, and second digital circuitry to receive the output of the entropy source and, based on said output, generate random numbers, the second digital circuitry being a duplicate of the first digital circuitry. The apparatus comprises difference detection circuitry to determine a difference of operation between the first digital circuitry and the second digital circuitry. Each of the first digital circuitry and the second digital circuitry comprises entropy checking circuitry to check the entropy of the output of the entropy source.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel microfluidic substrates and methods that are useful for performing biological, chemical and diagnostic assays. The substrates can include a plurality of electrically addressable, channel bearing fluidic modules integrally arranged such that a continuous channel is provided for flow of immiscible fluids.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel microfluidic devices and methods that are useful for performing high-throughput screening assays and combinatorial chemistry. The invention provides for aqueous based emulsions containing uniquely labeled cells, enzymes, nucleic acids, etc., wherein the emulsions further comprise primers, labels, probes, and other reactants. An oil based carrier-fluid envelopes the emulsion library on a microfluidic device, such that a continuous channel provides for flow of the immiscible fluids, to accomplish pooling, coalescing, mixing, sorting, detection, etc., of the emulsion library.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel microfluidic substrates and methods that are useful for performing biological, chemical and diagnostic assays. The substrates can include a plurality of electrically addressable, channel bearing fluidic modules integrally arranged such that a continuous channel is provided for flow of immiscible fluids.

Abstract: The identification of binding moieties capable of selectively interacting with one or more target antigens is of scientific, medical, and commercial value. Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for the identification, labeling and/or retrieval of cognate binding moieties.

Abstract: A method reuses produced water resulting from a fossil fuel extraction operation. The method includes providing the produced water as an input to an electrodialysis system. The method also includes running the electrodialysis system to produce a diluate and a concentrate. The diluate is contaminated so as to have a conductivity of no less than 0.1 Siemens/meter. The method also includes reformulating the diluate to produce fossil fuel extraction fluid. The method also includes using the produced fossil fuel extraction fluid in the fossil fuel extraction operation. An electrodialysis system includes first and second stacks. The electrodialysis system also includes first and second voltage sources, coupled to the first and second stacks, so as to apply a first voltage to the first stack lower by at least about 10% than a second voltage to the second stack.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an efficient method of generating a library of variants of a sequence of interest, such as may be used in directed evolution, in one embodiment, the method includes an amplification reaction, e.g. error-prone PCR, to generate double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) variants of a sequence of interest, after which one strand of the dsDNA variants may be selectively degraded to produce single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) variants. The ssDNA variants may be hybridized to ssDNA intermediaries, e.g., uracilated circular ssDNA intermediaries, to form heteroduplex DNA, which may be transformed into cells, such as E. coli cells, yielding a library of variants. This method eliminates the inefficient sub-cloning steps and the need for costly primer sets required by many prior methods.

Abstract: A method reuses produced water resulting from a fossil fuel extraction operation. The method includes providing the produced water as an input to an electrodialysis system. The method also includes running the electrodialysis system to produce a diluate and a concentrate. The diluate is contaminated so as to have a conductivity of no less than 0.1 Siemens/meter. The method also includes reformulating the diluate to produce fossil fuel extraction fluid. The method also includes using the produced fossil fuel extraction fluid in the fossil fuel extraction operation. An electrodialysis system includes first and second stacks. The electrodialysis system also includes first and second voltage sources, coupled to the first and second stacks, so as to apply a first voltage to the first stack lower by at least about 10% than a second voltage to the second stack.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an efficient method of generating a library of variants of a sequence of interest, such as may be used in directed evolution, in one embodiment, the method includes an amplification reaction, e.g. error-prone PCR, to generate double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) variants of a sequence of interest, after which one strand of the dsDNA variants may be selectively degraded to produce single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) variants. The ssDNA variants may be hybridized to ssDNA intermediaries, e.g., uracilated circular ssDNA intermediaries, to form heteroduplex DNA, which may be transformed into cells, such as E. coli cells, yielding a library of variants. This method eliminates the inefficient sub-cloning steps and the need for costly primer sets required by many prior methods.

Abstract: A method reuses produced water resulting from a fossil fuel extraction operation. The method includes providing the produced water as an input to an electrodialysis system. The method also includes running the electrodialysis system to produce a diluate and a concentrate. The diluate is contaminated so as to have a conductivity of no less than 0.1 Siemens/meter. The method also includes reformulating the diluate to produce fossil fuel extraction fluid. The method also includes using the produced fossil fuel extraction fluid in the fossil fuel extraction operation. An electrodialysis system includes first and second stacks. The electrodialysis system also includes first and second voltage sources, coupled to the first and second stacks, so as to apply a first voltage to the first stack lower by at least about 10% than a second voltage to the second stack.

Abstract: The identification of binding moieties capable of selectively interacting with one or more target antigens is of scientific, medical, and commercial value. Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for the identification, labeling, and/or retrieval of cognate binding moieties.