Abstract: A packet processing system and method for processing data units are provided. A packet processing system includes a processor, first memory having a first latency, and second memory having a second latency that is higher than the first latency. A first portion of a queue for queuing data units utilized by the processor is disposed in the first memory, and a second portion of the queue is disposed in the second memory. A queue manager is configured to push new data units to the second portion of the queue and generate an indication linking a new data unit to an earlier-received data unit in the queue. The queue manager is configured to transfer one or more queued data units from the second portion of the queue to the first portion of the queue prior to popping the queued data unit from the queue, and to update the indication.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of identifying binding moieties that recognize antigens displayed on cells, such as membrane proteins or recombinant proteins that display eptiopes on the surface of cells. Binding moieties capable of binding membrane proteins can be difficult to obtain because these proteins can depend on their native environments for structural integrity. In some methods scFv phage display libraries are panned against whole cells expressing a membrane protein in an emulsion. Certain methods further permit discrimination of binding moieties according to their affinity or avidity for a target. This approach allows rapid identification of cell surface epitope specific antibodies for research, diagnostics, and immunotherapeutics.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to droplet libraries and to systems and methods for the formation of libraries of droplets. The present invention also relates to methods utilizing these droplet libraries in various biological, chemical, or diagnostic assays.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel microfluidic devices and methods that are useful for performing high-throughput screening assays and combinatorial chemistry. The invention provides for aqueous based emulsions containing uniquely labeled cells, enzymes, nucleic acids, etc., wherein the emulsions further comprise primers, labels, probes, and other reactants. An oil based carrier-fluid envelopes the emulsion library on a microfluidic device, such that a continuous channel provides for flow of the immiscible fluids, to accomplish pooling, coalescing, mixing, sorting, detection, etc., of the emulsion library.

Abstract: A Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) controller includes a memory interface and a processor. The memory interface is configured to communicate with a DRAM including one or more memory banks. The processor is configured to receive Input/Output (I/O) commands, each I/O command addressing a respective memory bank and a respective row within the memory bank to be accessed in the DRAM, to further receive one or more indications, indicative of likelihoods that a subsequent I/O command will address a same row in a same memory bank as a previous I/O command, to adaptively set, based on the indications, a policy of deactivating rows of the DRAM, and to execute the I/O commands in the DRAM in accordance with the policy.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel microfluidic substrates and methods that are useful for performing biological, chemical and diagnostic assays. The substrates can include a plurality of electrically addressable, channel bearing fluidic modules integrally arranged such that a continuous channel is provided for flow of immiscible fluids.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel microfluidic substrates and methods that are useful for performing biological, chemical and diagnostic assays. The substrates can include a plurality of electrically addressable, channel bearing fluidic modules integrally arranged such that a continuous channel is provided for flow of immiscible fluids.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel microfluidic substrates and methods that are useful for performing biological, chemical and diagnostic assays. The substrates can include a plurality of electrically addressable, channel bearing fluidic modules integrally arranged such that a continuous channel is provided for flow of immiscible fluids.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for converting a first polypeptide into a chimeric polypeptide. The invention includes two vectors: a first vector including the sequence of the first polypeptide and a second vector including a second polypeptide. The vectors include complementary site-specific recombination motifs such that site-specific recombination between the two vectors results in the generation of a chimeric polypeptide including at least a portion of the first polypeptide and at least a portion of the second polypeptide. A site-specific recombination motif may be positioned within an intron or within a coding sequence on the first or second vector.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of identifying binding moieties that recognize antigens displayed on cells, such as membrane proteins or recombinant proteins that display eptiopes on the surface of cells. Binding moieties capable of binding membrane proteins can be difficult to obtain because these proteins can depend on their native environments for structural integrity. In some methods scFv phage display libraries are panned against whole cells expressing a membrane protein in an emulsion. Certain methods further permit discrimination of binding moieties according to their affinity or avidity for a target. This approach allows rapid identification of cell surface epitope specific antibodies for research, diagnostics, and immunotherapeutics.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel microfluidic substrates and methods that are useful for performing biological, chemical and diagnostic assays. The substrates can include a plurality of electrically addressable, channel bearing fluidic modules integrally arranged such that a continuous channel is provided for flow of immiscible fluids.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel microfluidic substrates and methods that are useful for performing biological, chemical and diagnostic assays. The substrates can include a plurality of electrically addressable, channel bearing fluidic modules integrally arranged such that a continuous channel is provided for flow of immiscible fluids.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for converting a first polypeptide into a chimeric polypeptide. The invention includes two vectors: a first vector including the sequence of the first polypeptide and a second vector including a second polypeptide. The vectors include complementary site-specific recombination motifs such that site-specific recombination between the two vectors results in the generation of a chimeric polypeptide including at least a portion of the first polypeptide and at least a portion of the second polypeptide. A site-specific recombination motif may be positioned within an intron or within a coding sequence on the first or second vector.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel microfluidic devices and methods that are useful for performing high-throughput screening assays and combinatorial chemistry. The invention provides for aqueous based emulsions containing uniquely labeled cells, enzymes, nucleic acids, etc., wherein the emulsions further comprise primers, labels, probes, and other reactants. An oil based carrier-fluid envelopes the emulsion library on a microfluidic device, such that a continuous channel provides for flow of the immiscible fluids, to accomplish pooling, coalescing, mixing, sorting, detection, etc., of the emulsion library.

Abstract: Embodiments include a network device comprising: at least one processing core; a packet processing module configured to perform a first set of packet processing operations at a first rate, to partially process data units that are received at the network device, the packet processing module being further configured to transmit ones of the data units to the at least one processing core, the at least one processing core being configured to perform a second set of processing operations at a second rate, wherein the second set of processing operations is different from the first set of processing operations; an interconnecting module configured to interconnect the packet processing module and the at least one processing core; and a rate limiter configured to selectively control a transmission rate at which the data units are transmitted by the packet processing module to the at least one processing core based on the second rate.

Abstract: The invention features methods of identifying and validating affinity reagents, such as antibodies. The methods of the invention generally involve screening an antibody library by, for example, phage display on bacteria (e.g., E. coli) to identify particular antibody clones capable of binding a desired target polypeptide. Clones identified in this way can then be validated using yeast 2-hybrid. In some instances, antibodies identified by their capacity to binding a partial antigen can be validated by their capacity to bind to the full-length antigen. Validated clones can be further screened by additional rounds of phage display and/or yeast 2-hybrid. Between each round, additional variants of particular antibody clones can be generated and screened to identify variants that demonstrate higher binding affinity to the target of interest.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel microfluidic substrates and methods that are useful for performing biological, chemical and diagnostic assays. The substrates can include a plurality of electrically addressable, channel bearing fluidic modules integrally arranged such that a continuous channel is provided for flow of immiscible fluids.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compositions and methods for producing one or more polynucleotides from smaller oligonucleotide segments within an emulsion. In methods of the present invention, a support having one or more capture oligo-nucleotides is contacted with two or more corresponding tile oligonucleotides. Upon hybridization of the tile oligonucleotides to the capture oligonucleotides, a capture complex is formed. This capture complex is emulsified, optionally with reaction reagents or other additives. The emulsion is then incubated at a temperature regimen sufficient for an adjoining extension reaction to occur, such that a polynucleotide may be formed from the tile oligonucleotides that hybridized to a particular support. A particular advantage of this method is that many different polynucleotides may be produced in parallel with surprising efficiency.

Abstract: A Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) controller includes a memory interface and a processor. The memory interface is configured to communicate with a DRAM including one or more memory banks. The processor is configured to receive Input/Output (I/O) commands, each I/O command addressing a respective memory bank and a respective row within the memory bank to be accessed in the DRAM, to further receive one or more indications, indicative of likelihoods that a subsequent I/O command will address a same row in a same memory bank as a previous I/O command, to adaptively set, based on the indications, a policy of deactivating rows of the DRAM, and to execute the I/O commands in the DRAM in accordance with the policy.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel microfluidic devices and methods that are useful for performing high-throughput screening assays and combinatorial chemistry. The invention provides for aqueous based emulsions containing uniquely labeled cells, enzymes, nucleic acids, etc., wherein the emulsions further comprise primers, labels, probes, and other reactants. An oil based carrier-fluid envelopes the emulsion library on a microfluidic device, such that a continuous channel provides for flow of the immiscible fluids, to accomplish pooling, coalescing, mixing, sorting, detection, etc., of the emulsion library.