Abstract: The invention concerns a improved method for making linear, branched or cyclic C1-C15 alkyl(meth)acrylates, by direct esterification of (meth)acrylic acid with a corresponding alcohol, said reaction being catalyzed by sulfuric acid. The method includes a step of hydrolyzing the neutralizing aqueous flow followed by extraction of the residual (meth)acrylic acid with solvent consisting entirely or partly of the alcohol used in the reaction. The invention enables organic pollution (COD) released in the final aqueous effluents of the process to be reduced, as well as productivity to be increased.

Abstract: A fuel supply device includes a fuel supply pipe receiving fuel at a non-regulated pressure delivered by a pump, a device for measuring the flow rate of fuel in the pipe, a first controlled variable-restriction valve mounted in the supply pipe, a control system connected to the flow rate measurement device and to the first valve to control the valve to deliver fuel to the engine at a desired flow rate under normal operating conditions of the engine, a second controlled variable-restriction valve mounted in the supply pipe in series with the first valve, and a control for controlling the second valve to enable the engine to be supplied with fuel at an adjustable, reduced flow rate in response to detecting over-speed or over-thrust of the engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to highly dense translucent and transparent aluminium oxide components for applications, e.g. in the lighting industry, where a fine crystal size has to be obtained and stabilized for use at temperatures of 800° C. or more. Disclosed are high-strength polycrystalline alumina products which include 0.001-0.5 weight-% ZrO2 stabilizing a fine crystal size <2 ?m or, preferably, <1 ?m if used at temperatures of 800° C. or more. The microstructure exhibits an extremely high relative density enabling a high real in-line transmission >30% measured over an angular aperture of at most 0.5° at a sample thickness of 0.8 mm and with a monochromatic wavelength of light ?, preferably, of 645 nm.

Abstract: An integrated tire monitoring system for an agricultural vehicle control system comprises at lease one sensor integrally coupled to at least one tire on a farm vehicle; an external reader for obtaining tire revolution speed data from the sensor during each revolution of the tire; input means for delivering the tire revolution speed data to a vehicle control unit, the vehicle control unit calculating vehicle speed based on the inputted tire revolution speed data and outputting at least one control signal. The reader may input tire pressure data from the sensor into the vehicle control unit for the calculation of pressure adjusted vehicle speed. The sensor may store tire specific identification data accessible by the external reader and one or more control signals from the vehicle ECU may be used to control speed between a plurality of vehicle wheels; engine speed; wheel slippage; and/or tire air pressure.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of alkylimidazolidone (meth)acrylates, generally expressed as compound (I): that are prepared by reacting at least one (meth)acrylate of formula (II): with a heterocyclic alcohol of formula (III): in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one compound (a) which is a chelate formed of lithium and of a 1,3-dicarbonyl compound. The invention also relates to a composition comprising compound (I) in solution in (meth)acrylate (II). Finally, the invention involves the use of the abovementioned composition in the preparation of polymers that can be used as coatings and adhesives, in the treatment of paper and of textiles, as agent for leather treatment and in the production of paints with high wet adhesion characteristics.

Abstract: A process for the batchwise preparation of (meth)acrylic anhydride, in which acetic anhydride is reacted with (meth)acrylic acid and the acetic acid is at least partly removed gradually as it is formed. In the process, the acetic acid removed is at least partly replaced by introducing into the reaction medium, during the reaction, acetic anhydride and/or (meth)acrylic acid. The (meth)acrylic anhydride obtained by this process may be used in the synthesis of (meth)acrylic thioesters, (meth)acrylic amides and (meth)acrylic esters, in polymerization reactions or as crosslinking agents.

Abstract: This process for the manufacture of isobutyric anhydride by reacting acetic anhydride with isobutyric acid, distilling the acetic acid generated as it is formed, is characterized in that the reactor is initially loaded with at least a portion of one of the reagents and a portion of the other such that the reagents are in an excess molar ratio relative to the stoichiometry of one of the reagents, and the reaction is carried out while adding the remainder of the reagents as the reaction progresses and according to the place left free in the reactor by the distillation of the acetic acid produced by the reaction, until the desired overall molar ratio of the reagents is reached.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing water-soluble acrylic copolymers comprising the following steps: (i) preparing at least a monomer (1) of formula (I) wherein Ao is a —(RtO)mRz or —NRp (RtO)mRz group, by reacting a (meth)acrylic anhydride derivative (1?) of formula (II) with a compound of formula AoH, Ao being as defined above; (ii) copolymerizing said monomer (1) with at least a monomer (2) of (meth)acrylic acid or of a derivative of said acid. The invention also concerns novel water-soluble acrylic copolymers and their use as superplasticizers or dispersants for hydraulic binders such as cements.

Abstract: This process for the manufacture of isobutyric anhydride by reacting acetic anhydride with isobutyric acid, distilling the acetic acid generated as it is formed, is characterized in that the reactor is initially loaded with at least a portion of one of the reagents and a portion of the other such that the reagents are in an excess molar ratio relative to the stoichiometry of one of the reagents, and the reaction is carried out while adding the remainder of the reagents as the reaction progresses and according to the place left free in the reactor by the distillation of the acetic acid produced by the reaction, until the desired overall molar ratio of the reagents is reached.

Abstract: The silanized (meth)acrylate (I) is manufactured by reacting the anhydride (II) with a silanized compound (III). This process gives a crude mixture containing compound (IV) in addition to compound (I), after which the said mixture may be freed of the lightest compounds by distillation or may be subjected to a distillation to obtain the pure compound (I). R=H or Me; R1, R2, R3=linear or branched C1-C10 alkyl, aryl or aralkyl, these radicals possibly being substituted and possibly containing hetero atoms; R4=H or a radical falling within the definition given above for R1, R2 and R3.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of alkylimidazolidone (meth)acrylates, generally expressed as compound (I): 1

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for preparing water-soluble acrylic copolymers comprising the following steps: (i) preparing at least a monomer (1) of formula (I) wherein Ao is a —(RtO)mRz or —NRp (RtO)mRz group, by reacting a (meth)acrylic anhydride derivative (1′) of formula (II) with a compound of formula AoH, Ao being as defined above; (ii) copolymerizing said monomer (1) with at least a monomer (2) of (meth)acrylic acid or of a derivative of said acid. The invention also concerns novel water-soluble acrylic copolymers and their use as superplasticizers or dispersants for hydraulic binders such as cements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of alkylimidazolidone (meth)acrylates, generally expressed as compound (I): that are prepared by reacting at least one (meth)acrylate of formula (II): with a heterocyclic alcohol of formula (III): in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one compound (a) which is a chelate formed of lithium and of a 1,3-dicarbonyl compound. The invention also relates to a composition comprising compound (I) in solution in (meth)acrylate (II). Finally, the invention involves the use of the abovementioned composition in the preparation of polymers that can be used as coatings and adhesives, in the treatment of paper and of textiles, as agent for leather treatment and in the production of paints with high wet adhesion characteristics.

Abstract: The silanized (meth)acrylate (I) is manufactured by reacting the anhydride (II) with a silanized compound (III). This process gives a crude mixture containing compound (IV) in addition to compound (I), after which the said mixture may be freed of the lightest compounds by distillation or may be subjected to a distillation to obtain the pure compound (I).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of alkylimidazolidone (meth)acrylates, generally expressed as compound (I): 1

Abstract: A coupling device for a pipe having a sleeve with an insert end for the pipe and a sealing means suitable for realizing a seal around the pipe inserted in the sleeve having a plurality of mutually slidable elements which together form a ring, and a grip ring mounted within said elements and extending along at least a part of the circumference of the pipe. The grip ring has projections that extend substantially radially inwards from its surface.

Abstract: An eletronic package comprising a printed circuit board on which are mounted a plurality of decoupling capacitors is disclosed. A carrier component electrically connects an integrated circuit to the printed circuit board through a plurality of solder balls. The plurality of solder balls comprises at least one solder ball for the integrated circuit ground voltage connection and at least one solder ball for the integrated circuit power voltage connection. The plurality of decoupling capacitors is organized as a set of ‘n’ capacitors ranged from a lower capacitor value Clow to a higher capacitor value Chigh such that the range Clow to Chigh of the ‘n’ capacitor values is a function of the frequency range Flow to Fhigh on which the integrated circuit operates.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging method employs sub-sampled signal acquisition from a number of receiver coils such as surface coils. A full field-of-view magnetic resonance image is reconstructed on the basis of the sensitivity profiles of the receiver coils, for example on the basis of the SENSE technique. The reconstruction is carried out mathematically as an optimization, for example, requiring a minimum noise level in the magnetic resonance image. According to the invention, a priori information is also involved in the reconstruction and the a priori information is taken into account especially as a constraint in optimization.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the batchwise preparation of (meth)acrylic anhydride, in which acetic anhydride is reacted with (meth)acrylic acid and the acetic acid is at least partly removed gradually as it is formed.

Abstract: An instrument for making secure messages exchanged between each of the actors of a network having a plurality of actors, each being capable of acting as a sender or as an addressee of a message that is encoded or sealed, the instrument being characterized in that it comprises, for each actor, a respective device (E1) including an integrated circuit with memory zones (2, 3) and a microprocessor (1) capable of executing at least one algorithm and of controlling access to said zones (2, 3) as a function of the nature of the operation requested thereof by the operator holding the device (E1), the operations being selected from the following: encoding (6, 7); calculating a key to be communicated (8); and decoding (9, 10); the memory zones (2 and 3) containing two types of base key that are masked, including a base key (T1) of a first type which is specific to each device (E1), and at least one base key (U) of a second type which is common to all of the devices.