Abstract: The disclosure provides pharmaceutical preparations containing (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, or (R)- or (S)-dehydronorketamine, or other stereoisomeric dehydro or hydroxylated ketamine metabolite. The disclosure also provides novel ketamine metabolite prodrugs. The disclosure provides methods of treating, bipolar depression, major depressive disorder, neuropathic and chronic pain, including complex regional pain synthetic pain disorder (CRPD) by administering a purified ketamine metabolite or a ketamine metabolite prodrug directly to patients in need of such treatment.

Abstract: The disclosure provides pharmaceutical preparations containing (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, or (R)- or (S)-dehydronorketamine, or other stereoisomeric dehydro or hydroxylated ketamine metabolite. (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine The disclosure also provides novel ketamine metabolite prodrugs. The disclosure provides methods of treating, bipolar depression, major depressive disorder, neuropathic and chronic pain, including complex regional pain synthetic pain disorder (CRPD) by administering a purified ketamine metabolite or a ketamine metabolite prodrug directly to patients in need of such treatment.

Abstract: A method for starting an internal combustion engine has the steps of: oscillating a crankshaft of the engine using the electrical actuator; then injecting fuel in a combustion chamber and igniting the fuel in this combustion chamber to cause the crankshaft to turn in a reverse direction; then injecting fuel in another combustion chamber and igniting the fuel in the other combustion chamber to cause the crankshaft to turn in a forward direction; and then injecting fuel in the other combustion chamber and igniting fuel in the other combustion chamber to cause the crankshaft to turn in the forward direction.

Abstract: A method of operating a vehicle having an engine, an engine control unit (ECU), a throttle operator, and a throttle body fluidly communicating with the engine. A throttle valve disposed in the throttle body regulates fluid flow to the engine. A throttle valve actuator is connected thereto for controlling a throttle valve position. A key receiver is configured to link to a key. The method includes linking a key to the key receiver and initiating engine operation. If the key is linked to the key receiver and engine operation has been initiated, an identification code of the key is read and an authorization status of the key is thereby determined. If the key is determined to be authorized, the throttle valve position is controlled based in part on a throttle operator position. If the key is determined to be unauthorized, the throttle valve position is limited to a security limit.

Abstract: The disclosure provides pharmaceutical preparations containing (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, or (R)- or (S)-dehydronorketamine, or other stereoisomeric dehydro or hydroxylated ketamine metabolite. (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine The disclosure also provides novel ketamine metabolite prodrugs. The disclosure provides methods of treating, bipolar depression, major depressive disorder, neuropathic and chronic pain, including complex regional pain disorder (CRPS) by administering a purified ketamine metabolite or a ketamine metabolite prodrug directly to patients in need of such treatment.

Abstract: The disclosure provides pharmaceutical preparations containing (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, or (R)- or (S)-dehydronorketamine, or other stereoisomeric dehydro or hydroxylated ketamine metabolite. (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine The disclosure also provides novel ketamine metabolite prodrugs. The disclosure provides methods of treating, bipolar depression, major depressive disorder, neuropathic and chronic pain, including complex regional pain synthetic pain disorder (CRPD) by administering a purified ketamine metabolite or a ketamine metabolite prodrug directly to patients in need of such treatment.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns the discovery of the use of fenoterol and (R,R)- and (R,S)-fenoterol analogues for the treatment of a tumor expressing a ?2-adrenergic receptor, such as a primary brain tumor, including a glioblastoma or astrocytoma expressing a ?2-adrenergic receptor. In one example, the method includes administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of fenoterol, a specific fenoterol analogue or a combination thereof to reduce one or more symptoms associated with the tumor, thereby treating the tumor in the subject.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns the discovery of the use of fenoterol analogues for regulating cannabinoid (CB) receptor activity-related disorders and disease, such as dysregulated CB receptors, including treating a disorder or disease, such as a glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cancer, colon cancer, and/or lung cancer, which is associated with altered cannabinoid receptor activity. In one example, the method includes administering to a subject having or at risk of developing a disorder or disease regulated by CB receptor activity an effective amount of a fenoterol analogue to reduce one or more symptoms associated with the disorder or disease regulated by CB receptor activity.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns the discovery of the use of fenoterol and (R,R)- and (R,S)-fenoterol analogs for the treatment of a tumor expressing a ?2-adrenergic receptor, such as a primary brain tumor, including a glioblastoma or astrocytoma expressing a ?2-adrenergic receptor. In one example, the method includes administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of fenoterol, a specific fenoterol analog or a combination thereof to reduce one or more symptoms associated with the tumor, thereby treating the tumor in the subject.

Abstract: A method of operating a vehicle. The vehicle includes an engine. The method including determining if the engine is to be operated at idle and determining a current mode of operation of the vehicle. The current mode of operation is any one of a plurality of modes of operation including at least a first mode and a second mode. The method includes, if the engine is to be operated at idle, operating the engine at a first idle speed if the current mode of operation of the vehicle is the first mode of operation; and operating the engine at a second idle speed if the current mode of operation of the vehicle is the second mode of operation. The first idle speed is greater than the second idle speed.

Abstract: A snowmobile has a frame, an endless drive track, a pair of skis, an engine operatively connected to the endless drive track, an oil tank, an electronic oil pump and an electronic control unit (ECU). The engine has at least one cylinder, a crankcase, and at least one exhaust valve. The electronic oil pump fluidly communicates with the crankcase and the at least one exhaust valve. The oil tank fluidly communicates with an inlet of the electronic oil pump for supplying oil to the electronic oil pump. The electronic oil pump delivers oil from the oil tank to the crankcase and the at least one exhaust valve. The ECU is electrically connected to the electronic oil pump for controlling actuation of the electronic oil pump.

Abstract: A snowmobile includes a frame with a tunnel, a fuel tank disposed thereon and an engine connected thereto. A throttle body fluidly communicates with the engine. A throttle valve is disposed in the throttle body for regulating fluid flow through the throttle body into the engine, a position of the throttle valve being movable between an open position and a closed position. A throttle operator connected to the frame to control the position of throttle valve is moveable between an idle position and a drive position. A throttle valve actuator operatively connected to the throttle valve and the throttle operator controls a position of the throttle valve based at least in part on the throttle operator position, the throttle valve actuator being an electric throttle valve actuator and disposed longitudinally between the fuel tank and the engine. Vehicles and methods of operating the vehicles are also disclosed.

Abstract: A snowmobile having an electronic oil pump fluidly connected to an oil tank thereof is disclosed. The electronic oil pump is fluidly connected to an engine of the snowmobile for delivering lubricant to the engine. An electronic control unit is electrically connected to the electronic oil pump for controlling actuation of the electronic oil pump. A method of operating an electronic oil pump is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of operating a vehicle. The vehicle includes an engine. The method including determining if the engine is to be operated at idle and determining a current mode of operation of the vehicle. The current mode of operation is any one of a plurality of modes of operation including at least a first mode and a second mode. The method includes, if the engine is to be operated at idle, operating the engine at a first idle speed if the current mode of operation of the vehicle is the first mode of operation; and operating the engine at a second idle speed if the current mode of operation of the vehicle is the second mode of operation. The first idle speed is greater than the second idle speed.

Abstract: This disclosure concerns the discovery of the use of fenoterol analogues for regulating cannabinoid (CB) receptor activity-related disorders and disease, such as dysregulated CB receptors, including treating a disorder or disease, such as a glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver cancer, colon cancer, and/or lung cancer, which is associated with altered cannabinoid receptor activity. In one example, the method includes administering to a subject having or at risk of developing a disorder or disease regulated by CB receptor activity an effective amount of a fenoterol analogue to reduce one or more symptoms associated with the disorder or disease regulated by CB receptor activity.

Abstract: A method of operating a vehicle having an engine, an engine control unit (ECU), a throttle operator, and a throttle body fluidly communicating with the engine. A throttle valve disposed in the throttle body regulates fluid flow to the engine. A throttle valve actuator is connected thereto for controlling a throttle valve position. A key receiver is configured to link to a key. The method includes linking a key to the key receiver and initiating engine operation. If the key is linked to the key receiver and engine operation has been initiated, an identification code of the key is read and an authorization status of the key is thereby determined. If the key is determined to be authorized, the throttle valve position is controlled based in part on a throttle operator position. If the key is determined to be unauthorized, the throttle valve position is limited to a security limit.

Abstract: The disclosure provides pharmaceutical preparations containing (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine, or (R)- or (S)-dehydronorketamine, or other stereoisomeric dehydro or hydroxylated ketamine metabolite. (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine The disclosure also provides novel ketamine metabolite prodrugs. The disclosure provides methods of treating, bipolar depression, major depressive disorder, neuropathic and chronic pain, including complex regional pain disorder (CRPS) by administering a purified ketamine metabolite or a ketamine metabolite prodrug directly to patients in need of such treatment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for controlling the production of a mixture of components, especially a mixture with premix dead volumes. The method and the device according to the invention ensure multivariable regulation feedback by a dynamic observer providing an estimate in real time of the properties of the components of the mixture, said estimate being sufficient to guarantee the effectiveness of the feedback loop. Thus, the desired properties of the mixture are guaranteed despite large uncertainties in the properties of the components on the one hand, and partial knowledge of the mixing process on the other.

Abstract: A snowmobile having an electronic oil pump fluidly connected to an oil tank thereof is disclosed. The electronic oil pump is fluidly connected to an engine of the snowmobile for delivering lubricant to the engine. An electronic control unit is electrically connected to the electronic oil pump for controlling actuation of the electronic oil pump. A method of operating an electronic oil pump is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for controlling the production of a mixture of components, especially a mixture with premix dead volumes. The method and the device according to the invention ensure multivariable regulation feedback by a dynamic observer providing an estimate in real time of the properties of the components of the mixture, said estimate being sufficient to guarantee the effectiveness of the feedback loop. Thus, the desired properties of the mixture are guaranteed despite large uncertainties in the properties of the components on the one hand, and partial knowledge of the mixing process on the other.