Abstract: The phenols and phenol ethers, e.g., phenol itself, are effectively hydroxylated by reacting hydrogen peroxide therewith, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of titanium dioxide.

Abstract: The phenols and phenol ethers are hydroxylated by reacting such phenols/phenol ethers with hydrogen peroxide, in the presence of (a) a catalytically effective amount of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt of at least one protonic acid having a pKa in water of less than -0.1, and (b) an effective amount of at least one phosphorus oxyacid.

Abstract: The acetone peroxides contained in oxidate reaction mixtures thereof, e.g., those resulting from phenol syntheses, are hazardous and explosive compounds when present in the solid state, and are consumed by (a) adjusting the pH of such reaction mixture to a value ranging from 4 to 8; (b) adding a copper compound to such reaction mixture; and (c) maintaining such reaction mixture at a temperature ranging from 50.degree. C. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: Phenols/phenol ethers are hydroxylated by reaction with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a calcined germanozeosilite MFI zeolite.

Abstract: Mixtures of alcohols and ketones are selectively and actively produced by catalytically oxidizing at least one alkane with an organic hydroperoxide, in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of osmium or an osmium compound, notably osmium tetroxide.

Abstract: Mixtures containing cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone are produced by oxidizing cyclohexane with air, and then decomposing the cyclohexyl hydroperoxide in such reaction mixture, in the presence of the cyclohexane, to form cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone, such oxidation and/or decomposition being carried out in the presence of a manganese source, a Bronsted acid and a pyridine ligand.

Abstract: 4-Hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-2,5-cyclohexadienone is made by chlorinating 2,4,6-trimethylphenol with chlorine in an organic solvent in the absence of base while the hydrogen chloride formed is removed as it is formed by physical means and hydrolyzing the reaction mixture with water optionally in the presence of an inorganic base.

Abstract: 4-Hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-2,5-cyclohexadienone is prepared by oxidation of 2,4,6-trimethylphenol with a manganese derivative of valency greater than 2 in an aqueous acidic medium.

Abstract: 4-Hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-2,5-cyclohexadienone is prepared by treatment of 2,4,6-trimethylphenol with a halogenation agent and water in the presence of an organic solvent which is inert to the halogenation agent.

Abstract: Epoxides, e.g., ethylene and propylene oxides, are prepared from lower alkane-1,2-diols by dehydrating the corresponding diol, in liquid phase, under at least atmospheric pressure, and in the presence of at least one high-boiling organic carboxylic acid and at least one alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carboxylate.

Abstract: Aromatic compounds of the general formula ##STR1## in which R and R.sub.o represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms are hydroxylated by reaction with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a catalytic amount of a strong acid and the reaction is carried out in the presence of an activator which is a juxtanuclear aromatic aldehyde or derivative thereof selected from an acetal or a benzhydrol.

Abstract: p-Benzoquinone is prepared by oxidizing phenol with molecular oxygen or with a gas in which oxygen is present, in the liquid phase, in the presence of cuprous or cupric ions. The improvement resides in carrying out the reaction in the presence of a metal, in the metallic form, which is selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, tin, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, magnesium and copper. The resultant p-benzoquinone is useful as an industrial source of hydroquinone, which is employed in photography.

Abstract: 4-Hydroxy-2,4,6-trimethyl-cyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one ["mesitylquinol"] is prepared by oxidizing 2,4,6-trimethyl phenol ["mesitol"] with either molecular oxygen or an oxygen containing gas, in the simultaneous presence of (i) a cobalt/Schiff base complex, (ii) an amine, phosphine and/or organic phosphite co-catalyst, and, optionally, (iii) an alkali metal base.

Abstract: Tin catalysts are provided for epoxidizing olefinic compounds in the presence of organic hydroperoxides, in the liquid phase. These catalysts give good yields of the epoxide and of the alcohol derived from the organic hydroperoxide. They have the formula:RR 'SnCl.sub.2 (I)in which:R represents a wholly aliphatic or cycloaliphatic or aromatic or mixed aliphatic/aromatic, aliphatic/cycloaliphatic or cycloaliphatic/aromatic, inter alia alkylaryl or aralkyl, linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated monovalent hydrocarbon radical, which can optionally carry substituents, such as chlorine atoms, the number of carbon atoms being at most 20,R' represents either a chlorine atom or a monovalent organic radical of the formula: R"--Y (II)in which:Y represents an oxygen atom, or a (--O--O--) group, or a carbonyloxy group (--CO--O--), the radical R" being attached to the carbon atom of the (--CO--O--),R" may be identical or different to R and is as defined under R.

Abstract: 3,5,5-Trimethyl-cyclohex-2-ene-1,4-dione is prepared by a liquid phase oxidation of .beta.-isophorone using carbon black as catalyst in the presence of a base.

Abstract: A process for the oxidation of .beta.-ethylenically unsaturated ketones, especially .beta.-isophorone, is provided whereby the ketone is oxidized with a source of molecular oxygen in an organic liquid solvent in the presence of a base and certain chelate catalysts of cobalt or manganese as defined.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing .omega.-formyloxy-alkanals from the corresponding cycloalkyl peroxides and formic acid is provided in which the process is carried out in the presence of a small amount of a strong acid having a pKa of less than 2.

Abstract: Phenols and phenol ethers are hydroxylated with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of sulphur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony. High yields of dihydric materials are obtained by this process which avoids the need to use peracids or very strong acids.