Abstract: Systems and methods for a treatment of chemical sensors placed in a wellbore. A method may comprise providing a chemical sensor disposed in a sensing chamber, wherein the chemical sensor is on an optical fiber installed in a wellbore; optically interrogating the chemical sensor with the optical fiber; and pumping a treatment fluid through a fluid supply line and into the sensing chamber.

Abstract: A device including an ion-selective membrane arranged within an optical path of the device and coupled to a sample cell to interact with a fluid sample and thereby modify an optical response of the ion-selective membrane according to an ion concentration in the fluid sample, is provided. The device also includes an integrated computational element (ICE) arranged within the optical path, so that the illumination light optically interacts with the ICE and with the ion-selective membrane to provide a modified light that has a property indicative of the ion concentration in the fluid sample. A detector that receives the modified light provides an electrical signal proportional to the property of the modified light. A method and a system for using the above device are also provided.

Abstract: A system can calculate estimated strain data for a fracture in a geological formation at each of a plurality of selected locations detectable by a strain measurement device. The system can receive real strain data from the strain measurement device for the geological formation. The system can perform a linear inversion to determine a probable distribution of fluid volume and hydraulic fracture orientation in the geological formation based on the estimated strain data and real strain data. The system can determine adjustments for a fracturing operation based on the linear inversion.

Abstract: Provided are methods of treating feline Coronavirus infections using carbanucleoside compounds having a 1?-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl) substituent, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. An exemplary compound is (2R,3R,4S,5R)-2-(4-aminopyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-7-yl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-carbonitrile.

Abstract: Systems and methods relate to borehole seismic studies. Traditionally, borehole seismic studies are conducted using geophones. Seismic acquisition can be performed using fiber optic Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS). Because DAS measures dynamic relative displacement over a gauge length, which is different from particle velocity, DAS data can be converted into an equivalent geophone output response. Operations include converting DAS data into distributed velocity, and then, converting the velocity output into an equivalent geophone response. Various aspects include separating the data into interleaving subsets, integrating each subset along the spatial coordinates, selecting a window width over which the median of each subset will be calculated and subtracted from the data, performing a spatial average or low-pass filtering over contiguous values, performing a time-domain low-pass filtering, and performing the velocity-to-geophone conversion operation.

Abstract: A device including an ion-selective membrane arranged within an optical path of the device and coupled to a sample cell to interact with a fluid sample and thereby modify an optical response of the ion-selective membrane according to an ion con-centration in the fluid sample, is provided. The device also includes an integrated computational element (ICE) arranged within the optical path, so that the illumination light optically interacts with the ICE and with the ion-selective membrane to provide a modified light that has a property indicative of the ion concentration in the fluid sample. A detector that receives the modified light provides an electrical signal proportional to the property of the modified light. A method and a system for using the above device are also provided.

Abstract: A method and system can include positioning an optical waveguide along a wellbore, and launching one or more optical signals into the waveguide at one or more optical signal frequencies and during one or more time periods, thereby resulting in one or more backscattered signals being received by the receiver, which produces a trace for each of the one of more backscattered signals. Changing an environmental condition in the wellbore, generating additional backscattered light signals at one or more frequencies after the change. Comparing the traces generated before the condition change to those generated after the change, identifying a before trace and an after trace that are substantially equal to each other and identifying a frequency difference between these traces. The frequency difference can be used to determine the amount of change in the environmental condition that occurred when the environmental change event happened.

Abstract: The subject technology relates to an in-line amplifier assembly for distributed sensing system. The subject technology includes deploying a distributed sensing tool into a wellbore, and logging the wellbore using the distributed sensing tool. The distributed sensing tool includes a first optical amplifier and a first optical filter coupled to a first single-mode optical fiber. The first optical amplifier is coupled to a first single-mode circulator for amplifying a single-mode optical signal, and the first optical filter is coupled to the first optical amplifier for filtering the amplified single-mode optical signal. The first single-mode circulator is coupleable to an interrogator for routing the single-mode optical signal to a second single-mode optical fiber and routing a reflective optical signal from a second single-mode optical fiber to the interrogator. The reflective optical signal may traverse a second optical amplifier and a second optical fiber between the first and second single-mode circulators.

Abstract: A densitometer in the present disclosure comprises a piston attached to an end of a tube of the densitometer to reduce pressure dependence of density estimates of a sample fluid. The densitometer measures sample fluid density by vibrating the tube containing sample fluid and measuring the resonant frequency of the tube, then estimating the sample fluid density based on this resonant frequency. The piston is designed with a predetermined diameter that converts pressure inside the tube to tension in the tube. This tension produces an opposite effect on the resonant frequency of the tube to that caused by the fluid pressure itself and thereby reduces pressure dependence of the sample fluid density estimates.

Abstract: A densitometer in the present disclosure comprises a measurement module that is calibrated to estimate sample fluid density with high accuracy and minimized sensitivity to temperature of tube and clamp components in the densitometer. The densitometer measures sample fluid density by vibrating the sample fluid and measuring the resonant frequency of the sample fluid, then estimating the sample fluid density based on this resonant frequency. The measurement module is calibrated specific to dissimilar tube and clamp materials. The tube and the clamp of the densitometer have materials are chosen to be cost-effective based on the specifications of the densitometer system and to have coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) which reduce temperature dependence of the resonant frequency of the sample fluid inside of the densitometer.

Abstract: A densitometer in the present disclosure comprises tension measuring devices that send tension measurements to a measurement module enabling the measurement module to estimate fluid density with increased accuracy. The densitometer measures sample fluid density by vibrating the sample fluid and measuring the resonant frequency of the sample fluid, then estimating the sample fluid density based on this resonant frequency. A set of tension measuring devices affixed to a tube of the densitometer measure external forces on the tube due to O-ring seals and other operational conditions. The sample fluid density estimate uses these tension measurements to take into account O-ring friction and other external forces applied to the densitometer to improve the accuracy of the calculated density.

Abstract: An apparatus, system, and method are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a plurality of valves. Each valve of the plurality of valves is associated with a respective production zone of a well. Each valve includes a valve body having a passage and an inflow fluid input through which a formation fluid from the respective production zone associated with the valve is to enter the passage of the valve body. Each valve further includes a sensor located within the valve body to detect a density of the formation fluid. The apparatus further includes a processor programmed to determine a fraction of a subject fluid in the formation fluid based on the density of the formation fluid and a density of the subject fluid.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a production tubing for carrying fluids from a producing zone to a surface, and a three-way valve coupled to the production tubing, the three-way valve including an inlet from the production tubing, an outlet to the production tubing, and an inlet from the borehole surrounding the three-way valve. The apparatus further includes a resonant tube densitometer disposed in the outlet to the production tubing, the resonant tube densitometer configured to measure the density of the fluids. A flow meter is disposed in the outlet to the production tubing, the flow meter configured to measure volumetric flow of the fluids.

Abstract: A thermal sensor module, comprising: a housing, wherein the housing comprises a first end and a second end, wherein the housing is hollow and configured to allow a fluid to flow into the housing through the first end and exit through the second end; a heat source, wherein the heat source is disposed at a central axis of the housing and traverses at least partially through the housing; and a temperature sensor, wherein the temperature sensor is positioned in the housing to measure temperature of the fluid flowing in the housing.

Abstract: A distributed acoustic system (DAS) method and system. The system may comprise an interrogator and an umbilical line comprising a first fiber optic cable and a second fiber optic cable attached at one end to the interrogator. The DAS may further include a downhole fiber attached to the umbilical line at the end opposite the interrogator and a light source disposed in the interrogator that is configured to emit a plurality of coherent light frequencies into the umbilical line and the downhole fiber. The method may include generating interferometric signals of the plurality of frequencies of backscattered light that have been received by the photo detector assembly and processing the interferometric signals with an information handling system.

Abstract: A method and system can include positioning an optical waveguide along a wellbore, and launching one or more optical signals into the waveguide at one or more optical signal frequencies and during one or more time periods, thereby resulting in one or more backscattered signals being received by the receiver, which produces a trace for each of the one of more backscattered signals. Changing an environmental condition in the wellbore, generating additional backscattered light signals at one or more frequencies after the change. Comparing the traces generated before the condition change to those generated after the change, identifying a before trace and an after trace that are substantially equal to each other and identifying a frequency difference between these traces. The frequency difference can be used to determine the amount of change in the environmental condition that occurred when the environmental change event happened.

Abstract: The subject technology relates to distributed sensing interrogation using single-mode fiber for multi-mode fiber interrogation. The subject technology includes deploying a distributed sensing tool into a wellbore, and logging the wellbore using the distributed sensing tool. The distributed sensing tool includes an optical amplifier and an optical filter coupled to a single-mode optical fiber and a multi-mode optical fiber. The optical amplifier is coupled to a single-mode circulator for amplifying a single-mode optical signal, and the optical filter is coupled to the optical amplifier for filtering the amplified single-mode optical signal. The single-mode circulator is coupleable to an interrogator for routing the single-mode optical signal to the multi-mode optical fiber and routing a reflective optical signal from the multi-mode optical fiber to the interrogator.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject technology relate to systems and methods for determining positions of cementing plugs during a cementing process. Systems and methods are provided for determining a length of an optical fiber line deployed into a wellbore for a cementing process, measuring signal intensity data as a function of distance from the optical fiber line, the optical fiber line being attached to a lower cementing plug and an upper cementing plug, the upper cementing plug being attached to the optical fiber line by an attenuation assembly, generating signal intensity profiles based on the signal intensity data as a function of a round trip delay of a light signal in the optical fiber line, and determining positions of the lower cementing plug and the upper cementing plug based on the signal intensity profiles of the optical fiber line.

Abstract: A method and system can include positioning an optical waveguide along a wellbore, and launching one or more optical signals into the waveguide at one or more optical signal frequencies and during one or more time periods, thereby resulting in one or more backscattered signals being received by the receiver, which produces a trace for each of the one of more backscattered signals. Changing an environmental condition in the wellbore, generating additional backscattered light signals at one or more frequencies after the change. Comparing the traces generated before the condition change to those generated after the change, identifying a before trace and an after trace that are substantially equal to each other and identifying a frequency difference between these traces. The frequency difference can be used to determine the amount of change in the environmental condition that occurred when the environmental change event happened.

Abstract: A method and system can include positioning an optical waveguide along a wellbore, and launching one or more optical signals into the waveguide at one or more optical signal frequencies and during one or more time periods, thereby resulting in one or more backscattered signals being received by the receiver, which produces a trace for each of the one of more backscattered signals. Changing an environmental condition in the wellbore, generating additional backscattered light signals at one or more frequencies after the change. Comparing the traces generated before the condition change to those generated after the change, identifying a before trace and an after trace that are substantially equal to each other and identifying a frequency difference between these traces. The frequency difference can be used to determine the amount of change in the environmental condition that occurred when the environmental change event happened.