Abstract: A transmitter and method therein for transmitting a signal to a receiver in a wireless communication system are disclosed. The transmitter is configured to modulate a signal using two different modulations, a combination of binary amplitude shill keying, ASK, and binary frequency shift keying, FSK, and transmit the modulated signal.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and non-transitory machine-readable mediums are provided for wireless access in communications networks comprising radio access network nodes and wireless light communication network nodes. In one embodiment, a method is performed by a radio access network node for selecting a transmit or receive beam for communication with a wireless device in a communication network. The radio access network node comprises a plurality of antenna elements configurable to provide a plurality of transmit or receive beams. The communication network further comprises one or more wireless light communication, LC, network nodes.

Abstract: A technique for performing power level control of one or more beams transmitted by a wireless transmission device to a wireless reception device is disclosed. A method implementation of the technique is performed by the wireless transmission device and comprises transmitting (S202) each of the one or more beams at a default power level of the respective beam, detecting (S204) an obstacle entering the one or more beams based on a change in an electromagnetic environment associated with the one or more beams, the obstacle, once entered, at least partially blocking the one or more beams with respect to the wireless reception device, and decreasing (S206), for each of the one or more beams, an output power of the respective beam from the default power level of the respective beam to a predetermined threshold power level of the respective beam.

Abstract: A method performed by a first Station (STA) for any one out of: transmitting Narrow Band (NB) signals to, and receiving NB signals from, second STAs in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is provided. The STA performs one or more out of: Transmitting (1001) the NB signals to the second STAs, and receiving (1002) the NB signals from the second STAs. The NB signal symbol boundaries are aligned in time with symbol boundaries of a Wide Band (WB) signal transmitted by any one out of the first STA and another STA. The NB signals start with a preamble comprising an NB-Short Training Field (STF) followed by a NB-Long Training Field (LTF). The NB LTF and NB STF are designed to avoid interference between the NB signals and WB signals.

Abstract: A receiver receives binary information from a transmission using a binary amplitude shift keying where information symbols are represented by a signal including a first power state and a second power state. A duration of a bit includes a first part where the second power state is applied irrespective of which binary value is represented, and a second part where a binary value is represented by any of the first power and a third power state or a combination pattern of the first power state and the third power state. A sampling circuit is arranged to retrieve samples of the received signal during the second part and discard samples during the first part. A duration of the retrieving of samples is selected to be a time corresponding to the duration of the second part plus a time based on an expected synchronization error.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an interlock component for a software system. The interlock component may comprise an input for receiving an interaction request for a first system component and system data. The interlock component may comprise a processor arranged to assess the interaction request and the system data relative to predefined system logic rules to determine if the interaction request satisfies the system logic rules. The interlock component may comprise an output arranged to output the interaction request to the first system component in the event that the system logic rules are satisfied.

Abstract: Methods are disclosed for communication devices capable of simultaneous transmission and reception, wherein a first method is for reception of a packet comprising a header and a payload and a second method is for transmission of a packet comprising a header and a payload. The second method comprises transmitting at least a part of the header. The first method comprises receiving at least a part of the header, attempting to decode the part of the header, and (when the part of the header is successfully decoded) transmitting a header acknowledgement signal. The second method comprises monitoring receipt of a header acknowledgement signal, and (when absence of the header acknowledgement signal is detected) interrupting the transmission of the packet and scheduling the packet for retransmission. Corresponding apparatuses, transceivers, communication devices and computer program products are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of transmitting an amplitude shift keying signal comprises determining timing of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex, OFDM, transmission of a concurrently operating transmission system, wherein the OFDM transmission applies an extended representation for at least a part of the transmitted OFDM transmission, which extended representation comprises an extended part, representing a data signal to be transmitted by amplitude shift keying, and transmitting the amplitude shift keyed data signal intermittently aligned with the OFDM transmission such that symbols of the amplitude shift keyed data signal occurs only during the extended part of the OFDM transmission. The data signal may represent a wake-up signal arranged to address a wake-up radio. A transmitter, network node and computer program for implementing the method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of a scheduling apparatus for multi-user scheduling, wherein the multi-user scheduling may—for example—be in an unlicensed communication environment. The method comprises transmitting a first signal to a first set of users wherein the first signal is indicative of a request for user-specific information, receiving—responsive to transmitting the first signal—a respective second signal from each of a second set of users wherein the second signal is indicative of the requested user-specific information, and scheduling—responsive to receiving the respective second signals—a third set of users based on the received second signals. The second set is a subset of the first set of users, and the third set of users is a subset of, or coincides with, the second set of users. Corresponding scheduling apparatus, wireless communication apparatus and computer program product are also disclosed.

Abstract: A technique for transmitting data from a passive radio device (100) is described. As to a method aspect of the technique, an antenna (102) of the passive radio device (100) is exposed to an incident radio signal (502). A frequency domain representation of the incident radio signal (502) comprised at least one muted gap between active subcarriers within a bandwidth of the incident radio signal (502). The incident radio signal (502) is backscattered from the antenna by modulating an impedance of the antenna according to the data using at least two different modulation frequencies that differ by less than the bandwidth.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and device-readable mediums are disclosed relating to wireless access in a network requiring a carrier-sense mechanism. One aspect provides a method performed by a transmitting device for transmitting to a receiving device in a 10 wireless communications network. The transmitting device comprises a plurality of antenna elements. The method comprises: performing a directional carrier-sense assessment for one or more sub-bands configured for transmissions between the transmitting device and the receiving device, the directional carrier-sense assessment utilizing beamforming to detect a respective level of wireless activity on each of the sub-15 bands in a particular direction for transmissions to the receiving device; selecting a respective transmit power for each sub-band based on the determined level of wireless activity; and transmitting to the receiving device in the particular direction, using the respective selected transmit power for each sub-band.

Abstract: In one example aspect, a method of transmitting signals is provided, the method comprising transmitting signals using one or more first subcarriers only from a first antenna, wherein the signals transmitted from the first antenna comprise first signals based on data, and transmitting signals using one or more second subcarriers different from the one or more first subcarriers only from a second antenna, wherein the signals transmitted from the second antenna comprise second signals based on the data.

Abstract: A control system (10) having a hierarchical distributed architecture, the system (10) comprising: a plurality of nodes (12), each node (12) hosting one or more services (18) and a respective node agent (22); a communications bus providing communication between nodes (12); and a system agent (24) hosted on one of the plurality of nodes (12), the system agent (24) being configured to monitor a lifecycle state of the system (10); wherein each node agent (22) is configured to transmit data relating to a state of its respective node (12) and a respective state of the or each service (18) hosted on its respective node (12) to the system agent (24), thereby enabling the system agent (24) to monitor the lifecycle state of the system (10). A vehicle (46) comprising said control system (10).

Abstract: A method and transmitter for transmitting an On-Off Keying, OOK, signal which comprises an ON waveform and an OFF waveform forming a pattern representing transmitted binary information as a Manchester code. For one binary value of information to be transmitted, a first set of complex-valued frequency domain symbols is provided to an inverse fast Fourier transformer, or for the other binary value of information to be transmitted, a second set of complex-valued frequency domain symbols is provided to the inverse fast Fourier transformer. The inverse fast Fourier transform is performed to form an orthogonal frequency division multiplex, OFDM representation, including a cyclic prefix, of the OOK signal of information to be transmitted. The OFDM representation is then transmitted.

Abstract: A technique for performing a multi-layer transmission of data on a radio frequency is described. The multi-layer transmission comprising multiple layers each having a different robustness on the radio frequency. As to a method aspect of the technique, a contention procedure is performed with respect to each of a plurality of access classes, ACs, for accessing the radio frequency. The multi-layer transmission is performed upon success of the contention procedure of at least one of the ACs. In a transmission opportunity defined by the successful contention procedure, data associated with the successful AC is transmitted on a main layer of the multi-layer transmission simultaneously with data associated with at least one further AC on at least one further layer, which is less robust than the main layer of the multi-layer transmission.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions including at least one omega-3 fatty acid (either in the triglyceride, ester or free fatty acid ester form) and at least one surface active agent; wherein the compositions form micelles when in contact with an aqueous medium. Also provided are methods of administering to a subject a composition including at least one omega-3 fatty acid (either in the triglyceride, ester or free fatty acid ester form) and at least one surface active agent, wherein the compositions form micelles when in contact with an aqueous medium, and the bioavailability of the omega-3 fatty acid is substantially independent of a food effect.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions including at least one omega-3 fatty acid (either in the triglyceride, ester or free fatty acid ester form) and at least one surface active agent; wherein the compositions form micelles when in contact with an aqueous medium. Also provided are methods of administering to a subject a composition including at least one omega-3 fatty acid (either in the triglyceride, ester or free fatty acid ester form) and at least one surface active agent, wherein the compositions form micelles when in contact with an aqueous medium, and the bioavailability of the omega-3 fatty acid is substantially independent of a food effect.

Abstract: A method is disclosed of a wireless communication node adapted to transmit a wake-up signal for waking up one or more wireless communication receivers. The method comprises determining a first set of data for concurrent transmission with the wake-up signal, and determining a first interference indicator value indicative of a level of interference caused by the first set of data to the wake-up signal due to concurrent transmission. The method also comprises deciding if the wake-up signal is to be concurrently transmitted with the first set of data based on the first interference indicator value, and transmitting the wake-up signal in accordance with the decision. Corresponding arrangement, wireless communication node and computer program product are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of transmitting an On-Off Keying, OOK, signal which includes an ON waveform and an OFF waveform forming a pattern representing transmitted information. The method includes obtaining a basic baseband waveform; scrambling the basic baseband waveform by applying a first binary randomised sequence where one of the binary values cause transformation to a complex conjugate; modulating the information to be transmitted by applying the scrambled basic baseband waveform for the ON waveform and applying no waveform for the OFF waveform; and transmitting the modulated information.

Abstract: An activity monitor for a modular software system, the system having a first software component for use in configuring operation of a second software component via a proxy and stub interface, the activity monitor comprising; an input arranged to monitor a first event associated with the first software component and a second event associated with the proxy; a processor arranged to compare the first and second events to a schedule of events to assess compliance with the schedule of events; and an output arranged to generate an error message in response to non-compliance with the schedule of events, the error message being for use in treating the error. A method of generating an activity monitor for monitoring operation of a modular software system.