Abstract: In this electrochemical reduction method, CO2 is electrochemically reduced in a state where a solution having a pH of 5 to 15 and the CO2 have been brought into contact with a catalyst containing an oxide containing Ti.

Abstract: This composite comprises: a material having electrical conductivity; and a transition metal oxide which is supported by said material. The transition metal oxide has an amorphous structure.

Abstract: A lead foil and a bipolar lead acid storage battery capable of preventing breakage of the lead foil due to growth deformation are described. The lead foil is for a current collector in a bipolar lead acid storage battery, in which at least one of a front surface or a back face has a maximum valley depth Rv of 4 ?m or less in a profile curve acquired, orthogonally to a rolling direction, by surface roughness measurement with a stylus.

Abstract: A lead foil and a bipolar lead acid storage battery capable of suppressing a voltage drop in the battery due to peeling of the lead foil from a substrate are described. The lead foil is for a current collector in a bipolar lead acid storage battery. A back face of the lead foil opposed to a substrate of the bipolar lead acid storage battery has a contact length of between 150 ?m and 1800 ?m, inclusive, in a profile curve acquired, orthogonally to a rolling direction, by surface roughness measurement with a stylus, and with a scanning distance of 4 mm and a measurement interval of 0.5 ?m, the contact length is a sum total of respective absolute values of differences in height between adjacent measurement points.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst of the present invention contains an electrically conductive material carrying a metal or a metal oxide, and has an electrical conductivity at 30° C. of 1×10?13 Scm?1 or more.

Abstract: This electrode catalyst of the present invention contains an electrically conductive material that supports a metal or a metal oxide, wherein electrical conductivity at 30° C. is 1×10?13 Scm?1 or greater.

Abstract: A bipolar storage battery includes a bipolar electrode including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a substrate provided with the positive electrode on one surface and the negative electrode on another surface. The bipolar storage battery includes a first adhesive provided between the one surface of the substrate and the positive electrode to bond the positive electrode to the substrate. The first adhesive is a conductive adhesive. This configuration can provide a bipolar storage battery in which battery performance is less likely to deteriorate by preventing an electrolytic solution from easily infiltrating an interface between a positive electrode and an adhesive layer even when growth occurs in the positive electrode due to corrosion by sulfuric acid contained in the electrolytic solution.

Abstract: A lead alloy usable to manufacture a lead storage battery electrode the with easily predictable growth is described. The diffraction intensity determined by analyzing the surface of the lead alloy in a crystal orientation {211}<111> in a pole figure using an X-ray diffraction method is five or less times the diffraction intensity determined by analyzing powder of pure lead in a random orientation in a pole figure using the X-ray diffraction method.

Abstract: A lead alloy that is difficult to cause extension even when force is applied to the lead alloy is described. The half width of a (311) diffraction peak in a diffraction chart obtained by analyzing the lead alloy using an X-ray diffraction method is 1.4 or more times the half width of a (311) diffraction peak in a diffraction chart obtained by analyzing powder of pure lead using the X-ray diffraction method.

Abstract: A lead alloy is described that is capable of manufacturing a positive electrode for a lead storage battery with a reduced likelihood of causing growth. The lead alloy contains 0.4% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less of tin and 0.004% by mass or less of bismuth, with the balance being lead and inevitable impurities. The diffraction intensity of a Cube orientation {001} <100> in a pole figure created by analyzing the surface of the lead alloy by an X-ray diffraction method is 4 times or less the diffraction intensity of a random orientation in a pole figure created by analyzing a pure lead powder by the X-ray diffraction method.

Abstract: A lead alloy is described that is capable of manufacturing a positive electrode for a lead storage battery less likely to cause corrosion penetrating through a lead layer for the positive electrode in the thickness direction. The lead alloy contains 0.4% by mass or more and 2% by mass less of tin and 0.004% by mass or less of bismuth, with the balance being lead and inevitable impurities. When image analysis of a crystal orientation distribution map created by analyzing the surface of the lead alloy by an electron backscatter diffraction method is performed, intersection points of misorientation boundaries between crystal grains with a crystal misorientation of 5° or more and a straight line extending in one specific direction are extracted. The distances between two adjacent intersection points among the extracted intersection points are measured, and the average value of the distances is 50 ?m or less.

Abstract: An electrode catalyst in which a metal or a metal oxide is supported on an electrode support composed of a conductive substance is provided. It is preferable that the electrode support contain one or more metals which are selected from the group consisting of a transition metal and a typical metal in Groups 12 to 14 or a carbon material and the metal or the metal oxide contain one or more metals which are selected from the group consisting of a transition metal and a typical metal in Groups 12 to 14 or a metal oxide.

Abstract: This composite comprises: a material having electrical conductivity; and a transition metal oxide which is supported by said material. The transition metal oxide has an amorphous structure.

Abstract: A catalyst comprising: a titanium oxide having an anatase-type crystal structure, and having the vertices and the ridge lines, wherein in a single titanium oxide particle, a vertex density per unit surface area is 8.0×10?4 nm?2 or more, and a ridge line density per unit surface area is 5.0×10?2 nm or more, or a ridge line density per unit volume is 8.0×10?3 nm?2 or more. A complex comprising: a material having a porous structure; and said catalyst. A membrane electrode assembly comprising: an anode; cathode; and an electrolyte membrane, wherein the cathode carries said catalyst on at least a surface of the cathode.

Abstract: Provided is a plated wire rod having excellent salt water corrosion resistance, solder wettability, thermal peeling resistance, and fatigue resistance. A plated wire rod having a wire rod made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and a surface treatment coating which is constituted by one or more metal layers and with which the wire rod is coated, the plated wire rod comprising: a mixed layer in a boundary region between the wire rod and the surface treatment coating, the mixed layer containing a metal component of the wire rod, a metal component of the surface treatment coating, and an oxygen component, wherein the one or more metal layers constituting the surface treatment coating includes an innermost metal layer which is located closest to the wire rod among the one or more metal layers, the innermost metal layer being made of copper or a copper alloy.

Abstract: The surface-treated material (10) according to the present invention is a surface-treated material including an electroconductive substrate (1) and a surface treatment coating film (2) including at least one metal layer formed above the electroconductive substrate (1), wherein a lowermost metal layer (21), as a metal layer included in the at least one metal layer and formed above the electroconductive substrate (1), is made of nickel, nickel alloy, cobalt, cobalt alloy, copper, or copper alloy, the surface-treated material includes an intervening layer (3) between the electroconductive substrate (1) and the surface treatment coating film (2), the intervening layer (3) containing a metal component of the electroconductive substrate (1), a metal component of the surface treatment coating film (2), and an oxygen component, and the mean thickness of the intervening layer (3) is in the range of 1.00 nm or larger and 40 nm or smaller as measured in the vertical cross-section of the surface-treated material.

Abstract: This electrode catalyst of the present invention contains an electrically conductive material that supports a metal or a metal oxide, wherein electrical conductivity at 30° C. is 1×10?13 Scm?1 or greater.

Abstract: A plated wire rod material according to the present disclosure contains a substrate containing aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and a surface treatment coat including one or more metal layers and covering the substrate. Of the one or more metal layers, an undermost metal layer which is a metal layer formed on the substrate includes nickel, a nickel alloy, cobalt or a cobalt alloy. A mixed layer containing a metal component in the substrate, a metal component in the surface treatment coat and an oxygen component is present at an interface between the substrate and the surface treatment coat.

Abstract: The present invention provides: a surface-treated material that can simply and in a short time period form a surface treatment film having an adequate adhesiveness particularly on an electroconductive substrate which is mainly formed of a base metal having a large ionization tendency and is considered to resist having a sound plating film formed thereon; and a component produced by using the same.

Abstract: A surface-treated material (10) according to the present invention comprises an electroconductive substrate (1) and a surface treatment film (2) formed of at least one or more layers of metal layers (3 and 4) which are formed on the electroconductive substrate (1), wherein among the at least one or more layers of metal layers (3 and 4), the lowermost metal layer (3) which is directly formed on the electroconductive substrate (1) comprises a plurality of metal-buried portions (3a) that are scattered in the electroconductive substrate (1), branch from a surface of the electroconductive substrate (1) and widely extend toward the inside thereof, and as a vertical cross section of the surface-treated material (10) is viewed, in which at least one of the metal-buried portions (3a) exists in the electroconductive substrate (1), an average value of an area ratio of the metal-buried portion (3a) occupying the predetermined observation region of the electroconductive substrate (1) is in a range of 5% or more and 50% or