Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus, comprising a memory configured to store at least one first parameter, at least one processing core configured to control, using a cognitive radio principle, radio transmission using a first radio access technology, wherein the at least one first parameter is used in the cognitive radio principle, wherein the at least one processing core is configured to select the at least one first parameter in dependence of at least one second parameter, wherein the at least one second parameter at least one of relates to a second radio access technology and comprises a length of a last burst or silent period of the first radio access technology.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program where the apparatus comprises: at least one memory configured to store a computer program comprising computer program instructions; and at least one processor configured to execute the computer program instructions to cause the apparatus at least to perform: obtaining, from at least one detector, a detection of at least one bio-signal from at least one user where the user is using a user output device; determining from the at least one obtained bio-signal that movement of the user's head is about to occur; and in response to determining that movement of the user's head is about to occur, enabling the processor to control the output provided by the user output device to coordinate with the movement of the user's head.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for grouping cells according to traffic characteristics and allocating resources in time and/or frequency domain to the different groups and within the groups, allowing a partial overlap.

Abstract: The exemplary embodiments include at least a method and apparatus sending by a second network operator a request to use sub-frames muted by macro cells of a first network operator for use by at least one small cell of the second network operator; receiving information for the use of the muted sub-frames; synchronizing a use of the muted sub-frames; and sending an indication of the synchronized use. In addition, a method and apparatus receiving by a first network operator a request to use sub-frames muted by macro cells of the first network operator for use by at least one small cell of a second network operator; sending information for the use of the muted sub-frames; and receiving an indication of the synchronized use of the muted sub-frames.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide methods and apparatuses of providing content data and accessing con tent data. The method for providing content data comprises: receiving a first request for content data, the first request being originated from a first user equipment and comprising an indication of the requested content data and an indication from where the requested content data is accessible; identifying a local equipment that is in proximity to the first user equipment and has pre-stored the requested content data; and returning a first response directed to the first user equipment, by which the first user equipment is informed to access the requested content data from the local equipment via a first device-to-device communication with the local equipment. With the proposed solutions, network loads can be reduced.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided to collect a channel information in conjunction with wireless communications; estimate at least one of a line of sight traffic and a non-line of sight traffic on the channel based on channel information; and select, with a processor, a frequency band, wherein the frequency band includes at least a respective frequency or frequency range and a frequency band or plurality of frequency bands and a bandwidth for the respective frequency or frequency range and time allocation for the frequency or frequency range. The selection is based on the estimated line of sight and non-line of sight traffic, wherein the respective frequency band comprises selecting at least one of a first frequency band or a second frequency band with the first and second frequency bands being different from one another.

Abstract: A method for security for inter-RAT carrier aggregation is disclosed. The method includes encrypting a message using an encryption technique for a first RAT. The method also includes sending, to a UE, at least a portion of the encrypted message using a different, second RAT. Sending using the second RAT does not further encrypt the at least a portion of the encrypted message. The method further includes receiving the at least a portion of the message encrypted using the first RAT protocol. Receiving uses the second, different RAT. The method also includes decrypting the at least a portion of the message using the first RAT protocol. Apparatus and computer readable media are also described.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided resource sharing. In some example embodiments, there may be provided a method, which may include receiving information including location information for at least one cell of a primary resource group, and further including a primary resource being used by the at least one cell; and determining at least one secondary resource group based on the received information. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product are provided to permit audio signals to provide additional information to a user regarding the distance to the source of the audio signals, thereby increasing a user's situational awareness. In the context of a method, a distance and a direction from a user to an object are determined. The method also scales the distance to the object to create a modified distance within a predefined sound field region about the user. The method also causes an audio cue relating to the object to be audibly provided to the user. The audio cue is such that the object appears to be located within the predefined sound field region in the direction and at the modified distance from the user from the user.

Abstract: A method comprising: obtaining information either from a cloud server functionally connected to a cellular network that said cloud server comprises mobile terminated (MT) user data to at least one user equipment connected to a radio access network of said cellular network, said information comprising priority indication of said MT user data; determining, on the basis of said priority indication, delay tolerance and priority for at least one radio connection bearer for transmitting said MT user data; and providing at least one network element in said radio access network with information about said delay tolerance and priority for at least one radio connection bearer.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for distributed small cell scanning. In some example embodiments, the method may include receiving, at a first user equipment, an indication to perform a distributed scan for one or more carrier frequencies with at least a second user equipment proximate to the first user equipment; performing, by the first user equipment in response to the received indication, the distributed scan by measuring a first carrier frequency during a first time period; and sending a measurement report of the first carrier frequency, when detected by the first user equipment. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus, comprising communication circuitry configured to receive a message, and execution circuitry configured to, in response to the message comprising an instruction to intercept a direct device-to-device (D2D) communication, render the apparatus capable of storing at least in part the direct device-to-device communication in at least one of the apparatus and a memory. The intercepting may comprise lawful interception.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for a mobile or roaming base station are described. An operating mode of a mobile base station is determined, based upon the mobile base station's current location and/or current mobility mode. The operating mode of the mobile base station is switched from a full base station functionality to a limited base station functionality, based upon the determining. A connection to a network is established by the mobile base station.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: detect that a mode change is required; and in response to the detection that a mode change is required, select a mode for resource allocation, wherein the mode is selected based on a command received by the apparatus or the mode is selected from a plurality of modes which comprises a first mode and a second mode, and wherein in the first mode the cellular communication and device to device communication are separated in time, and in the second mode the cellular communication and device to device communication take place simultaneously.

Abstract: In accordance with an example embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for facilitating charging in cognitive radio systems. The apparatus is configured to receive a data structure comprising accounting information, to obtain price information relating to the accounting information and to derive charging information and to send the charging information to a network. In some embodiments the apparatus is further configured to derive a revenue distribution scheme.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided resource sharing. In some example embodiments, there may be provided a method, which may include receiving information including location information for at least one cell of a primary resource group, and further including a primary resource being used by the at least one cell; and determining at least one secondary resource group based on the received information. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described.

Abstract: A method and apparatus can be configured to receive a first data from a first transmitter. The first data comprises data to be forwarded by the apparatus. The method may also include triggering a polling of a group of transmitting nodes. The triggering may be based on the received first data. The group of transmitting nodes may comprise nodes from which data is to be aggregated. The method may also include waiting for a period of time to receive a second data from a second transmitter of the group of transmitting nodes. The second data may comprise data to be forwarded by the apparatus. The first transmitter and the second transmitter may share communication resources to communicate with the apparatus. The method may also include aggregating the first data and the second data. The method may also include forwarding the aggregated data.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, are provided for reporting WLAN-related information. In one aspect there is provided a method. The method may include receiving, at a user equipment, a request from a cellular radio access network to obtain information about a wireless local area network, wherein the request comprises at least one of a logged measurement configuration, a measurement configuration, or a trace procedure; and reporting, in response to the request, at least one of a measurement representative of a wireless local area network access point, a load experienced by the wireless local area network access point, or a capacity experienced by the wireless local area network access point. Related apparatus, systems, methods, and articles are also described.

Abstract: Apparatus configured to: receive an indication of a mood state of a user of the apparatus; determine and record one or more items of context information associated with the apparatus at the time the indication is received; receive an instruction to recreate a previously indicated mood state; and in response to the instruction, use one or more of the items of context information associated with the apparatus at the time of the previously indicated mood state to replicate one or more actions associated with the one or more of the items of context information.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for handover of device-to-device (D2D) communications have been disclosed. A method may comprise: receiving, from a first device of a D2D cluster, a first measurement report which indicates a handover of the first device is needed; and determining, according to a D2D handover condition, whether to initiate or postpone the handover based on the first measurement report. In some embodiments, the first measurement report is sent by the first device in response to meeting the D2D handover condition.