Abstract: Example embodiments are related to a high power spin torque oscillator that is integrated by combining a transistor. The high power spin torque oscillator according to example embodiments may include a spin torque oscillator and a transistor. The spin torque oscillator may perform an oscillation function and a transistor may perform an amplification function by integrating the spin torque oscillator and a transistor in one chip. The transistor may amplify an amplification signal of the spin torque oscillator. The high power spin torque oscillator may be integrated on FET or BJT.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for reproducing a three-dimensional (3D) sound field. A method of reproducing a 3D sound field may determine a control region based on a wavelength of an excitation frequency, set, based on a loudspeaker array, at least one candidate control point in the control region, and determine a non-uniform control point corresponding to a non-uniform loudspeaker.

Abstract: Disclosed are a modified B+ tree node searching method and apparatus including setting a search range including one or more key values based on an input of a user; generating a pointer set including pointers for searching for child nodes based on the set search range; transmitting an I/O request in parallel by using the generated pointer set; and searching for data of a node corresponding to a request for the input based on the transmitted I/O request.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for updating an inverted index of a flash solid state disk (SSD). The method including: storing postings of a term that is present in only an in-memory inverted index in a block of an output buffer and reading postings of a last block of each posting list to be updated from an on-disk inverted index to be stored in each block of an input buffer, by scanning the on-disk inverted index and the in-memory inverted index; moving postings of the input buffer to the blocks of the output buffer for each block and attaching new postings of the in-memory inverted index to the block corresponding to the output buffer; and updating the on-disk inverted index by using the postings of each block of the output buffer.

Abstract: A piezoelectric speaker and a method of manufacturing the same that can obtain a high sound pressure using a piezoelectric thin film are provided. The piezoelectric speaker includes a piezoelectric thin film, electrodes formed on an upper surface or upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric thin film, a damping material layer formed on the lower surface of the piezoelectric thin film, and a frame attached around at least one of the piezoelectric thin film and the damping material layer using an adhesive.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for reproducing a three-dimensional (3D) sound field. A method of reproducing a 3D sound field may determine a control region based on a wavelength of an excitation frequency, set, based on a loudspeaker array, at least one candidate control point in the control region, and determine a non-uniform control point corresponding to a non-uniform loudspeaker.

Abstract: Sound can be listened to only in a listening area by maximizing a sound energy difference between a listening area and a non-listening area while maximizing sound radiation efficiency of each sound source. Accordingly, realistic sound can be provided to listeners without causing auditory disturbance to third parties, and maximal sound effects can be obtained with only minimal control.

Abstract: Provided is a forced acoustic dipole capable of regulating phases and acoustic pressures of first and second acoustic signals output from first and second pole speakers to freely steer the direction of an acoustic lobe. In addition, a forced acoustic multipole array is constituted by a plurality of forced acoustic dipoles. When the phases and acoustic pressures of the first and second acoustic signals output from the forced acoustic dipoles are regulated to steer an acoustic lobe in a specific direction, sound can be heard from a desired direction only without disturbing others.

Abstract: A piezoelectric speaker and a method of manufacturing the same that can obtain a high sound pressure using a piezoelectric thin film are provided. The piezoelectric speaker includes a piezoelectric thin film, electrodes formed on an upper surface or upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric thin film, a damping material layer formed on the lower surface of the piezoelectric thin film, and a frame attached around at least one of the piezoelectric thin film and the damping material layer using an adhesive.

Abstract: Sound can be listened to only in a listening area by maximizing a sound energy difference between a listening area and a non-listening area while maximizing sound radiation efficiency of each sound source. Accordingly, realistic sound can be provided to listeners without causing auditory disturbance to third parties, and maximal sound effects can be obtained with only minimal control.

Abstract: Provide is a forced acoustic dipole in which a direction of an acoustic lobe can be freely steered by controlling phase and sound pressure of input signals input into first and second sound sources, respectively. Accordingly, when a forced acoustic multipole array is configured by arranging a plurality of forced acoustic dipoles and a direction of an acoustic lobe is steered in a particular direction by controlling phase and sound pressure of input signals input into the first and second sound sources, respectively, it is possible for a sound to be heard in a desired location without auditory disturbance to others.

Abstract: Provided is a forced acoustic dipole capable of regulating phases and acoustic pressures of first and second acoustic signals output from first and second pole speakers to freely steer the direction of an acoustic lobe. In addition, a forced acoustic multipole array is constituted by a plurality of forced acoustic dipoles. When the phases and acoustic pressures of the first and second acoustic signals output from the forced acoustic dipoles are regulated to steer an acoustic lobe in a specific direction, sound can be heard from a desired direction only without disturbing others.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate including a plurality of data bus lines, a plurality of gate bus lines, and a plurality of thin film transistors at cross points of the plurality gate bus lines and the plurality of gate bus lines; a second substrate including a color filter layer; at least one shielding layer for shielding an outer induced electric field; and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A driving circuit for driving a liquid crystal display is provided. The driving circuit includes a clock generator processing a first clock signal to output a second clock signal, the clock speed of the second clock signal being half of that of the first clock signal, a memory for storing a first video data and a second video data in accordance with the first clock signal, and a data controller for simultaneously outputting the first video data and the second video data stored in the memory in accordance with the second clock signal.

Abstract: A driving circuit for driving a liquid crystal display is provided. The driving circuit includes a clock generator processing a first clock signal to output a second clock signal, the clock speed of the second clock signal being half of that of the first clock signal, a memory for storing a first video data and a second video data in accordance with the first clock signal, and a data controller for simultaneously outputting the first video data and the second video data stored in the memory in accordance with the second clock signal.

Abstract: A driving circuit for driving a liquid crystal display is provided. The driving circuit includes a clock generator processing a first clock signal to output a second clock signal, the clock speed of the second clock signal being half of that of the first clock signal, a memory for storing a first video data and a second video data in accordance with the first clock signal, and a data controller for simultaneously outputting the first video data and the second video data stored in the memory in accordance with the second clock signal.

Abstract: A single-electron memory device using the electron-hole Coulomb blockade is provided. A single-electron memory device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of quantum dot tunnel-junction arrays, a gate electrode, and source and drain electrodes. The plurality of quantum dot tunnel-junction arrays include at least two tunnel-junctions, are parallelly coupled to each other, and are well separated from each other to prevent single-electron tunneling between them. One of the plurality of quantum dot tunnel-junction arrays includes the gate electrode, and the voltage applied to the gate electrode can vary the number of electron-hole pairs.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus having driving integrated circuits arranged in a single bank form that is adapted to respond to video data for double bank while enlarging the effective display area thereof. The driving integrated circuits are arranged in parallel in one region of a liquid crystal panel to drive the pixels contained in a pixel matrix in the liquid crystal panel. Also, the driving integrated circuits divisionally drive pixels for one line in a predetermined number of pixel units arranged successively with the video data having odd-numbered pixel data and even-numbered pixel data sequentially rearranged.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display with a high transmittance and a low power consumption rate, includes first and second transmittable substrates, a plurality of gate and data bus lines formed on the first substrate, a plurality of color filters formed on the second substrate, and a plurality of microlenses formed on the first or second substrate corresponding to the gate and data bus lines. The microlenses are formed at positions corresponding to the gate and data bus lines which block incident lights, so that most incident lights can be transmitted. Further, the transmittance can be greatly improved by forming the microlenses at the positions corresponding to storage capacitor lines as well as the gate and data bus lines.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a first substrate including a plurality of data bus lines, a plurality of gate bus lines, and a plurality of thin film transistors at cross points of the plurality gate bus lines and the plurality of gate bus lines; a second substrate including a color filter layer; at least one shielding layer for shielding an outer induced electric field; and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the first substrate and the second substrate.