Abstract: A display apparatus includes a communication interface connected to a broadcasting server and an advertisement server, a display, a first scaler converting a broadcasting image stream, which is received from the broadcasting server, to a specified format, a second scaler converting a substitutional advertisement image stream received from the advertisement server, to the specified format, and a processor controlling the first scaler and the second scaler to display an image on the display.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a storage unit configured to include a storage area divided into a plurality of blocks, a buffer memory unit configured to temporarily store data inputted/outputted from/to the storage unit, and a controller configured to write data in the storage unit or read the data from the storage unit at a request of a host device, and to determine disturbance risk for each of the plurality of blocks based on a prescribed reference and control a block determined as a disturbance risk block not to be accessed in a read operation when the data is read from the storage unit.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprises a cathode active material including a first cathode active material particle having a concentration gradient region and a second cathode active material particle having a single particle structure, to obtain improved electrical performance and mechanical stability.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery includes a cathode including a cathode current collector, and a first cathode active material layer and a second cathode active material layer sequentially formed on the cathode current collector, an anode, and a separation layer interposed between the cathode and the anode. The first cathode active material layer and the second cathode active material layer include a first cathode active material particle and a second cathode active material particle, respectively, which have different compositions or crystalline structures from each other, and the first cathode active material particle and the second cathode active material particle include lithium metal oxides containing nickel. The second cathode active material particle has a single particle structure.

Abstract: A fluorescence lifetime measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: an irradiation light generator configured to generate irradiation light; a fluorescence photon detector configured to irradiate at least one or more samples, containing fluorescent molecules, with the irradiation light and collect a fluorescence photon generated by the irradiation; a converter configured to amplify the fluorescence photon and convert the amplified fluorescence photon into a fluorescence signal; and a measurer configured to analyze data of a function of the fluorescence signal by using a function obtained by multiplying a value, which is obtained by integrating the function of the fluorescence signal, by a simulation function.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring a three-dimensional shape according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a measurement plane on which a measurement target is mounted, a light source configured to illuminate the measurement target, a lens configured to transmit light emitted from the light source, and an image acquisition means configured to capture an image reflected from a surface of the measurement target. The lens and the image acquisition means are arranged so that a focal region formed by the lens and the image acquisition means may coincide with a plane on which the light forms a shape.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device may include a plurality of dies. Each of the plurality of dies may store mapping information of logical block addresses which are previously assigned. When a composite read command and location information indicating where mapping information of a logical block address is stored are received from a controller, a target die corresponding to the logical block address among the plurality of dies may perform a first operation of translating the logical block address to a physical block address based on the location information, and a second operation of reading user data stored in a region of the translated physical block address and outputting the read user data to the controller.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory device for storing data; and a memory controller performing a program operation on the memory device by using one of a first program mode and a second program mode. The memory controller counts a number of program operations performed by using the first program mode in which a ratio of dummy data to program data is greater than or equal to a predetermined value; and changes the program mode to the second program mode from the first program mode, when the counted number is greater than or equal to a predetermined number.

Abstract: A data storage device may include: a nonvolatile memory device; and a controller configured to control a read operation of the nonvolatile memory device, wherein the controller includes: a memory configured to store workload pattern information; and a processor configured to check a workload pattern in a first period based on the workload pattern information, and decide on a read mode to be performed in a second period following the first period, according to the workload pattern of the first period.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery includes a cathode formed from a cathode active material including a first cathode active material particle and a second cathode active material particle, an anode and a separation layer interposed between the cathode and the anode. The first cathode active material particle includes a lithium metal oxide in which at least one metal forms a concentration gradient. The second cathode active material particle includes primary particles having different shapes or crystalline structures from each other.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery includes a cathode formed from a cathode active material including a first cathode active material particle and a second cathode active material particle, an anode and a separation layer interposed between the cathode and the anode. The first cathode active material particle includes a lithium metal oxide including a concentration gradient and has a secondary particle structure formed from an assembly of primary particles. The second cathode active material particle includes a lithium metal oxide having a single particle structure. The first and second cathode active material particles each includes at least two metals except from lithium, and an amount of nickel is the largest among those of the metals in each of the first and second cathode active material particles.

Abstract: A data storage apparatus includes a nonvolatile memory device including a first memory region and a second memory region and a controller configured to control a write operation of the nonvolatile memory device. The controller includes a memory configured to store at least one or more write requests and address information for the write requests received from a host apparatus and a processor configured to collect address information corresponding to a preset sampling range among the address information as a first sampling address, determine continuity between the collected address information of the first sampling address, and control the nonvolatile memory device to store data corresponding to all or a portion of the write requests for the address information of the first sampling address in the first memory region based on a determination result.

Abstract: A fluorescence lifetime measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an illumination light generation unit that generates illumination light, a fluorescence photon detection unit that collects fluorescence photons generated by illuminating a sample including fluorescent molecules with the illumination light, a conversion unit that converts the collected fluorescence photons into a first clock signal and converts illumination light that does not pass through the sample into a second clock signal, a first module that analyzes a fluorescence lifetime of the collected fluorescence photons from the conversion unit, a control unit that designates a range of interest (ROI) of the sample from the first module, and a second module that analyzes a fluorescence lifetime of fluorescence photons corresponding to the ROI.

Abstract: Provided is a porous lithium composite phosphate-based compound containing lithium and having open pores formed in primary particles. As the open pores are formed in the primary particles themselves, a contact area between an electrolyte and the lithium composite phosphate-based compound is maximized, and low conductivity is compensated for, such that a diffusion rate of lithium ions is remarkably increased, and when the lithium composite phosphate-based compound is used as an active material of a secondary battery, the secondary battery may be charged and discharged at a high speed. Additionally, there are advantages in that an electrode density may be significantly increased in addition to the increase in the diffusion rate of the lithium ions, and charge and discharge cycle characteristics may be significantly stable.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a storage unit configured to include a storage area divided into a plurality of blocks, a buffer memory unit configured to temporarily store data inputted/outputted from/to the storage unit, and a controller configured to write data in the storage unit or read the data from the storage unit at a request of a host device, and to determine disturbance risk for each of the plurality of blocks based on a prescribed reference and control a block determined as a disturbance risk block not to be accessed in a read operation when the data is read from the storage unit.

Abstract: A fluorescence lifetime measurement apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an illumination light generation unit configured to generate illumination light, a fluorescence photon detection unit configured to collect a fluorescence signal of fluorescence photons generated by illuminating at least one or more samples including fluorescent molecules with the illumination light; and a measurement unit configured to compute a fluorescence lifetime by applying a least square method to a simulation function and a function of the fluorescence signal.

Abstract: A data storage device may include: a storage unit comprising a storage comprising a storage area divided into a plurality of blocks, and a controller configured to control a data input/output operation on the storage according to a request of a host device, collect information on a block, of the plurality of blocks, involved in a background operation which is performed while power is supplied, store the collected information as hint information, and resume a background operation started before a sudden power-off, based on the hint information, when power is resupplied after the sudden power-off.

Abstract: Provided is a porous lithium composite phosphate-based compound containing lithium and having open pores formed in primary particles. As the open pores are formed in the primary particles themselves, a contact area between an electrolyte and the lithium composite phosphate-based compound is maximized, and low conductivity is compensated for, such that a diffusion rate of lithium ions is remarkably increased, and when the lithium composite phosphate-based compound is used as an active material of a secondary battery, the secondary battery may be charged and discharged at a high speed. Additionally, there are advantages in that an electrode density may be significantly increased in addition to the increase in the diffusion rate of the lithium ions, and charge and discharge cycle characteristics may be significantly stable.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprises a cathode, an anode, a separator and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. The cathode includes a first cathode active material in which at least one of metals included in the first cathode material has a concentration gradient region between a central portion and a surface portion, and a second cathode active material having a single particle structure. The lithium secondary battery has improved life-span and penetration stability.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery comprises a cathode active material including a first cathode active material particle having a concentration gradient region and a second cathode active material particle having a single particle structure, to obtain improved electrical performance and mechanical stability.