Abstract: A tunable apparatus for performing Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) includes a deformable substrate and a plurality of SERS-active nanoparticles disposed at a plurality of locations on the deformable substrate. The plurality of SERS-active nanoparticles are to enhance Raman scattered light emission from an analyte molecule located in close proximity to the SERS-active nanoparticles. In addition, the deformable substrate is to be deformed to vary distances between the SERS-active nanoparticles, in which varying distances between the SERS-active nanoparticles varies enhancement of an intensity of Raman scattered light emission from the analyte molecule.

Abstract: A tunable apparatus for performing Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) includes a deformable layer and a plurality of SERS-active nanoparticles disposed at one or more locations on the deformable layer, wherein the one or more locations are configured to be illuminated with light of a pump wavelength to cause Raman excitation light to interact with the nanoparticles and produce enhanced Raman scattered light from molecules located in close proximity to the nanoparticles. In addition, a morphology of the deformable layer is configured to be controllably varied to modify an intensity of the Raman scattered light produced from the molecules.

Abstract: A Schottky diode comprises an ohmic layer that can serve as a cathode and a metal layer that can serve as an anode, and a drift channel formed of semiconductor material that extends between the ohmic and metal layers. The drift channel includes a heavily doped region adjacent to the ohmic contact layer. The drift channel forms a Schottky barrier with the metal layer. A pinch-off mechanism is provided for pinching off the drift channel while the Schottky diode is reverse-biased. As a result, the level of saturation or leakage current between the metal layer and the ohmic contact layer under a reverse bias condition of the Schottky diode is reduced.

Abstract: The present invention provides a computer and a method of sending security information for authentication, which relate to transmission of data information in computers. The present invention solves the vulnerability of information when a user conducts network transaction activities by a terminal. The computer of the present invention comprises: a virtual system platform; a first guest operating system installed on the virtual system platform, which is for installing a service application module, wherein the service application module generates a security information input interface when it is being executed; a second guest operating system installed on the virtual system platform; the second guest operating system comprises: a dynamic password generation module for generating security information, the security information is input into the security information input interface and is sent to a network server for authentication. The security of network activities conducted by users can be enhanced.

Abstract: A vibrating tip surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) apparatus, system and method employ a nano-needle configured to vibrate. The apparatus includes the nano-needle with a substantially sharp tip at a free end opposite an end attached to a substrate. The tip is configured to adsorb an analyte. The apparatus further includes a vibration source configured to provide an alternating current (AC) electric field that induces a vibration of the free end and the tip of the nano-needle. Vibration of the nano-needle under the influence of the AC electric field facilitates detection of a Raman scattering signal from the analyte adsorbed on the nano-needle tip. The system further includes a synchronous detector configured to be gated cooperatively with the vibration of the nano-needle. The method includes inducing the vibration, illuminating the vibrating tip to produce a Raman signal, and detecting the Raman signal using the detector.

Abstract: A nanorod surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) apparatus, system and method of SERS using nanorods that are activated with a key. The nanorod SERS apparatus includes a plurality of nanorods, an activator to move the nanorods from an inactive to an active configuration and the key to trigger the activator. The nanorod SERS system further includes a Raman signal detector and an illumination source. The method of SERS using nanorods includes activating a plurality of nanorods with the key, illuminating the activated plurality of nanorods, and detecting a Raman scattering signal when the nanorods are in the active configuration.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting at least one molecule using Raman light detection includes a substrate for supporting a sample containing the at least one molecule, a laser source for emitting a laser beam to cause Raman light emission from the at least one molecule, a modulating element for modulating a spatial relationship between the laser beam and the substrate at an identified frequency to cause the Raman light to be emitted from the at least one molecule at the identified frequency, at least one detector for detecting the Raman light emitted from the at least one molecule, and a post-signal processing unit configured to process the detected Raman light emission at the identified frequency to detect the at least one molecule.

Abstract: A sensing device (10, 10?) includes a substrate (14), and first and second electrodes (EIC, EICS, EO) established on the substrate (14). The first electrode (EIC, EICS) has a three-dimensional shape, and the second electrode (EO) is electrically isolated from and surrounds a perimeter of the first electrode (EIC, EICS).

Abstract: An electrically driven device (10) for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy includes a first electrode (16), a substrate (12) positioned proximate to the first electrode (16), a plurality of cone shaped protrusions (12?) formed integrally with or on a substrate surface (S), a Raman signal-enhancing material (14) coated on each protrusion (12?), and a second electrode (18) positioned relative to the first electrode (16) at a predetermined distance, D. Each of the protrusions (12?) has a tip (22) with a radius of curvature, r, ranging from about 0.1 nm to about 100 nm. The second electrode (18) is positioned relative to the first electrode (16) such that the electrodes (16, 18) together produce an electric field (EF) when a voltage bias is applied therebetween. The electric field (EF) has a field distribution that creates a stronger field gradient at a region proximate to the tips (22) than at other portions of the substrate (12).

Abstract: An apparatus for performing surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) includes a substrate and a plurality of nano-pillars, each of the plurality of nano-pillars having a first end attached to the substrate, a second end located distally from the substrate, and a body portion extending between the first end and the second end, in which the plurality of nano-pillars are arranged in an array on the substrate, and in which each of the plurality of nano-pillars is formed of a polymer material that is functionalized to expand in the presence of a fluid to cause gaps between the plurality of nano-pillars to shrink when the fluid is supplied onto the nano-pillars.

Abstract: A device for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). The device includes a plurality of nanostructures protruding from a surface of a substrate, a SERS active metal disposed on a portion of said plurality of nanostructures, and a low friction film disposed over the plurality of nanostructures and the SERS active metal. The low friction film is to prevent adhesion between the plurality of nanostructures.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing SERS includes a substrate and flexible nano-fingers, each of the nano-fingers having a first end attached to the substrate, a free second end, and a body portion extending between the first end and the second end, in which the nano-fingers are arranged in an array on the substrate. The apparatus also includes an active material layer disposed on each of the second ends of the plurality of nano-fingers, in which the nano-fingers are to be in a substantially collapsed state in which the active layers on at least two of the nano-fingers contact each other under dominant attractive forces between the plurality of nano-fingers and in which the active material layers are to repel each other when the active material layers are electrostatically charged.

Abstract: A central control braking system includes: a pedestal; at least one caster mounted at a bottom portion of the pedestal; a brake transmission shaft for controlling the caster; a plate girder movably connected to the pedestal; a pedal fixed to the plate girder; and a reversing rotary assembly connecting the plate girder and the brake transmission shaft, wherein the reversing rotary assembly enables the brake transmission shaft to rotate in reverse under the control of the pedal.

Abstract: Systems and methods employ a layer having a pattern that provides multiple discrete guided mode resonances for respective couplings of separated wavelengths into the layer. Further, a structure including features shaped to enhance Raman scattering to produce light of the resonant wavelengths can be employed with the patterned layer.

Abstract: A Schottky diode comprises an ohmic layer that can serve as a cathode and a metal layer that can serve as an anode, and a drift channel formed of semiconductor material that extends between the ohmic and metal layers. The drift channel includes a heavily doped region adjacent to the ohmic contact layer. The drift channel forms a Schottky barrier with the metal layer. A pinch-off mechanism is provided for pinching off the drift channel while the Schottky diode is reverse-biased. As a result, the level of saturation or leakage current between the metal layer and the ohmic contact layer under a reverse bias condition of the Schottky diode is reduced.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting at least one species using Raman light detection includes at least one laser source for illuminating a sample containing the at least one species. The apparatus also includes a modulating element for modulating a spatial relationship between the sample and the light beams to cause relative positions of the sample and the light beams to be oscillated, in which Raman light at differing intensity levels are configured to be emitted from the at least one species based upon the different wavelengths of the light beams illuminating the sample. The apparatus also includes a Raman light detector and a post-signal processing unit configured to detect the at least one species.

Abstract: Broad band structures for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy are disclosed herein. Each embodiment of the structure is made up of a metal layer, and a dielectric layer established on at least a portion of the metal layer. The dielectric layer has a controlled thickness that varies from at least one portion of the dielectric layer to at least another portion of the dielectric layer. Nanostructures are established on the dielectric layer at least at the portion and the other portion, the nanostructures thus being configured to exhibit variable plasmon resonances.

Abstract: A metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) device is disclosed. The MOS device includes a substrate of a first impurity type, a diffused region of a second impurity type in the substrate, a patterned first dielectric layer including a first dielectric portion over the diffused region, a patterned first conductive layer on the patterned first dielectric layer, the patterned first conductive layer including a first conductive portion on the first dielectric portion, a patterned second dielectric layer including a second dielectric portion that extends on a first portion of an upper surface of the first conductive portion and along a sidewall of the first conductive portion to the substrate; and a patterned second conductive layer on the patterned second dielectric layer, the patterned second conductive layer including a second conductive portion on the second dielectric portion.

Abstract: A compact sensor system comprising: an analysis cell configured for photon-matter interaction, where photons are received from a light source; and an integrated-optical spectral analyzer configured for identifying a set of frequencies, the integrated-optical spectral analyzer comprising: a waveguide coupled with the analysis cell, the waveguide configured for propagating a set of frequencies through the waveguide; one or more ring resonators coupled with the waveguide, the one or more ring resonators comprising a predetermined bandwidth and configured for capturing the set of frequencies corresponding to frequencies within the predetermined bandwidth; and one or more frequency detectors coupled with the one or more tunable ring resonators, the one or more frequency detectors configured for generating electrical signals that identify each of the set of frequencies.