Abstract: A tunable apparatus for performing Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) includes a deformable layer and a plurality of SERS-active nanoparticles disposed at one or more locations on the deformable layer, wherein the one or more locations are configured to be illuminated with light of a pump wavelength to cause Raman excitation light to interact with the nanoparticles and produce enhanced Raman scattered light from molecules located in close proximity to the nanoparticles. In addition, a morphology of the deformable layer is configured to be controllably varied to modify an intensity of the Raman scattered light produced from the molecules.

Abstract: An integrated device for enhancing signals in Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). The integrated device comprising an array of nanostructures comprising a material, wherein the material is configured to allow light to pass through. The integrated device also comprising SERS active nanoparticles disposed on at least portion of the array of nanostructures and a mirror integrated below a base of the array of nanostructures. The mirror is configured to reflect light passing through the material into the array of nanostructures.

Abstract: A surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy device includes a substrate, and an ultraviolet cured resist disposed on the substrate. The ultraviolet cured resist has a pattern of cone-shaped protrusions, where each cone-shaped protrusion has a tip with a radius of curvature equal to or less than 10 nm. The ultraviolet cured resist is formed of a predetermined ratio of a photoinitiator, a cross-linking agent, and a siloxane based backbone chain. A Raman signal-enhancing material is disposed on each of the cone-shaped protrusions.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) includes a reflective layer positioned above the substrate, a plurality of tapered nanowires disposed above the reflective layer, each of the plurality of tapered nanowires having a tapered end directed away from the reflective layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds which are inhibitors of sodium dependent glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2). These compounds are used in the treatment of various disorders, including diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, cataracts, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperchlolesterolemia, elevated blood level of free fatty acids or glycerol, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, wound healing, tissue ischemia, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. These compounds and compositions are also useful for treating and preventing kidney stones, hyperuricemia, gout, and hyponatremia. Methods of making these compounds are also described in the present invention.

Abstract: A junction-field-effect-transistor (JFET) device includes a substrate of a first-type impurity, a first well region of a second-type impurity in the substrate, a pair of second well regions of the first-type impurity separated from each other in the first well region, a third well region of the first-type impurity between the pair of second well regions, a first diffused region of the second-type impurity between the third well region and one of the second well regions, and a second diffused region of the second-type impurity between the third well region and the other one of the second well regions.

Abstract: A component for an information display device has a transparent substrate having a surface that has a first refractive index. The surface is selectively coated in a pattern comprising a transparent electrically conductive layer disposed at least at a first region of the surface and at a second region of the surface. The first region of the surface is separated from the second region by a third region that is devoid of the transparent conductive layer. The transparent conductive layer has a second refractive index that is higher than the first refractive index. The first, second and third regions are commonly overcoated with a transparent layer comprising non-conductive nanoparticles, the overcoating layer being disposed over the transparent conductive layer at the first and second regions and also disposed over the third region that is devoid of the transparent conductive layer. The refractive index of the layer comprising nanoparticles is higher than the first refractive index.

Abstract: A vibrating tip surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) apparatus, system and method employ a nano-needle configured to vibrate. The apparatus includes the nano-needle with a substantially sharp tip at a free end opposite an end attached to a substrate. The tip is configured to adsorb an analyte. The apparatus further includes a vibration source configured to provide an alternating current (AC) electric field that induces a vibration of the free end and the tip of the nano-needle. Vibration of the nano-needle under the influence of the AC electric field facilitates detection of a Raman scattering signal from the analyte adsorbed on the nano-needle tip. The system further includes a synchronous detector configured to be gated cooperatively with the vibration of the nano-needle. The method includes inducing the vibration, illuminating the vibrating tip to produce a Raman signal, and detecting the Raman signal using the detector.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting at least one molecule using Raman light detection includes a substrate for supporting a sample containing the at least one molecule, a laser source for emitting a laser beam to cause Raman light emission from the at least one molecule, a modulating element for modulating a spatial relationship between the laser beam and the substrate at an identified frequency to cause the Raman light to be emitted from the at least one molecule at the identified frequency, at least one detector for detecting the Raman light emitted from the at least one molecule, and a post-signal processing unit configured to process the detected Raman light emission at the identified frequency to detect the at least one molecule.

Abstract: A surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) apparatus, system and method employ a plurality of nanorods configured to vibrate. The apparatus includes the nanorods having tips at free ends opposite an end attached to a substrate. The tips are configured to adsorb an analyte and to vibrate at a vibration frequency. The apparatus further includes a vibration source configured to vibrate the free ends of the nanorods at the vibration frequency in a back-and-forth motion. Vibration of the nanorods is configured to facilitate detection of a Raman scattering signal emitted by the analyte adsorbed on the nanorod tips. The system further includes a synchronous detector configured to receive the Raman signal and to be gated cooperatively with the vibration of the nanorods. The method includes inducing a vibration of the nanorods, illuminating the vibrating tips to produce a Raman signal, and detecting the Raman signal using the detector.

Abstract: An illuminating caster includes an at least translucent tire, a rim for supporting the wheel, a hub including slits defined therein, spokes extending to the rim from the hub, illuminating elements located in the vicinity of the tire and a generator. The generator includes a ring disposed in the hub, rods each extending to a related one of the illuminating elements from the ring through a related one of the slits, a circuit board disposed in the ring and connected to the illuminating elements, an annular shell disposed in the ring, a coil disposed in the annular shell and connected to the circuit board, a permanent magnet disposed in but separated from the coil and a lining provided between the permanent magnet and an axle.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to a crystalline form of 6-[(4S)-2-methyl-4-(naphthyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-yl]pyridazin-3-amine. The present disclosure also generally relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the crystalline form, as well of methods of using a crystalline form in the treatment of depression and other conditions and methods for obtaining such crystalline form.

Abstract: The compounds of the present invention are represented by the following aryl- and heteroaryl-substituted tetrahydrobenzazepine and dihydrobenzazapine derivatives having formulae I(A-E) and formula (II): where the carbon atom designated * is in the R or S configuration, and the substituents X and R1-R9 are as defined herein.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for preparing tetrahydroisoquinolines, intermediates useful in the preparation of tetrahydroisoquinolines, processes for preparing such intermediates, and a crystalline form of 6-[(4S)-2-methyl-4-(naphthyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolin-7-yl]pyridazin-3-amine. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising tetrahydroisoquinolines, methods of using tetrahydroisoquinolines in the treatment of depression and other conditions and methods for obtaining the crystalline form.

Abstract: An electrochemical desalination system includes a first and a second electrochemical device and a controller. The first and second electrochemical devices each comprises a electrochemical desalination module comprising at least one pair of electrodes and a compartment between each pair of electrodes for receiving an electrolyte solution. Each of the first and second electrochemical desalination devices comprises a plurality of successive operation cycles. Each cycle comprises a charging mode of operation for charging each pair of electrodes and for adsorbing ions in the electrolyte solution on the electrodes, and a discharging mode of operation for discharging the pair of electrodes and for desorbing ions from the pair of electrodes. The controller is configured to control the system that the first and second electrochemical desalination devices have interleaved charging and discharging modes of operation.

Abstract: The compounds of the present invention are represented by the following aryl- and heteroaryl-substituted tetrahydrobenzazepine and dihydrobenzazapine derivatives having formulae I(A-E) and formula (II): where the carbon atom designated * is in the R or S configuration, and the substituents X and R1-R9 are as defined herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determination of alanine transaminase (ALT) activity by 13C-MR detection using an imaging medium which comprises hyperpolarised 13C-pyruvate.

Abstract: A polymer fiber is formed by hydrodynamic spinning. Fluids are forced to flow through a conduit to form a laminar flow comprising three or more layers of generally coaxial fluid flows, at respective flow rates selected to define a cross-section of a tubular middle layer of the fluid flows. The middle layer comprises a cross-linkable polymer precursor. Another layer of the fluid flows comprise a cross-linking agent. The polymer precursor, cross-linking agent and fluids are selected to prevent substantial diffusion of the polymer precursor away from the middle layer, and to allow a portion of the cross-linking agent to diffuse from the another layer into the middle layer to facilitate cross-linking of the polymer precursor in the middle layer to form a tubular polymer layer in a polymer fiber. The polymer layer thus has a cross-section generally corresponding to the cross-section of the middle layer.

Abstract: An illuminating caster includes an at least translucent tire, a rim for supporting the wheel, a hub including slits defined therein, spokes extending to the rim from the hub, illuminating elements located in the vicinity of the tire and a generator. The generator includes a ring disposed in the hub, rods each extending to a related one of the illuminating elements from the ring through a related one of the slits, a circuit board disposed in the ring and connected to the illuminating elements, an annular shell disposed in the ring, a coil disposed in the annular shell and connected to the circuit board, a permanent magnet disposed in but separated from the coil and a lining provided between the permanent magnet and an axle.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a touch screen having a bacteria inhibition layer for prohibiting bacteria from growing thereon and a method for manufacturing the same comprising uniformly dispersing particles of nano metal material in a solution to be applied to a surface treatment so that the solution can have a concentration of 20 ppm to 500 ppm; evenly spray coating the solution on a screen of the touch screen; and subjecting the solution coated on the screen of the touch screen to a heat treatment until solvent in the solution is completely evaporated so that the particles of the nano metal material are densely adhered to the screen of the touch screen to form a bacteria inhibition layer thereon.