Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus may include a substrate support unit in a lower portion of a process chamber; an edge ring on and along an edge of an upper surface of the substrate support unit and protruding from the upper surface of the substrate support unit; and a substrate alignment sensor on the substrate support unit. The substrate alignment sensor may include a body, an imaging unit, and a control unit. The imaging unit may be on a bottom surface of the body and configured to image a sidewall of the edge ring and a sidewall of the body. The control unit may be configured to control the imaging unit and calculate a spacing between the sidewall of the edge ring and the sidewall of the body. The control unit may be configured to align the substrate alignment sensor with the substrate support unit based on the spacing.

Abstract: A light modulation device is disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a light modulation device includes a first polymer film substrate having a first surface and a second surface, an adhesive layer or pressure-sensitive adhesive layer disposed on the first surface of the first polymer film substrate, a second polymer film substrate having a first surface and a second surface, a liquid crystal alignment film disposed on the first surface of the second polymer film substrate, a ?C plate; and a light modulation layer containing a liquid crystal compound. The light modulation device has excellent optical properties including transmittance-variable characteristics through characteristic control and proper arrangement of a compensation film, and being applicable to various uses by controlling inclination angle light leakage in a black mode.

Abstract: Provided are a glass multilayer structure, a method of producing the same, and a flexible display panel including the same. More particularly, a glass substrate multilayer structure including a flexible glass substrate; and a functional layer formed on at least one surface of the flexible glass substrate. The functional layer is a phase-separated layer formed by a single coating and a flexible display panel including the same are provided.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes first magnetic tunnel junction structures arranged in first and second directions crossing each other and having a first width in the first direction; second magnetic tunnel junction structures arranged in the first direction and the second direction and arranged alternately with the first magnetic tunnel junction structures in a third direction crossing the first and second directions, and having a second width of the first direction greater than the first width; and third magnetic tunnel junction structures having a long axis parallel to the first direction and a short axis parallel to the second direction, arranged alternately with the first magnetic tunnel junction structures in the first direction, and arranged alternately with the second magnetic tunnel junction structures in the second direction, and having the long axis parallel to the second direction and the short axis parallel to the first direction.

Abstract: Provided are a method for manufacturing syngas including the steps of (S1) heat-treating organic waste in a first reactor to produce a first mixed gas; (S2) introducing the first mixed gas to a second reactor and subjecting it to methane reforming in the presence of a catalyst to produce a second mixed gas; (S3) separating the catalyst and carbon dioxide from the second mixed gas and recovering a third mixed gas from which the catalyst and the carbon dioxide have been removed; (S4) converting the carbon dioxide separated in step (S3) into carbon monoxide through a reverse Boudouard reaction in a third reactor; and (S5) mixing the third mixed gas recovered in step (S3) and the carbon monoxide converted in step (S4) to produce syngas, and an apparatus for manufacturing syngas.

Abstract: A steel insert plastic cowl cross bar includes a plastic material injection-molded to a steel insert including a main beam a center support bracket, etc. such that the cowl cross bar is fabricated to have a complex structure including the steel insert and a plastic injection-molded part.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate comprising light-emitting areas and a non-light-emitting area; a light emitting element layer on the substrate; a thin-film encapsulation layer on the light emitting element layer; a wavelength conversion layer on the thin-film encapsulation layer; a binding member on the wavelength conversion layer and comprising an epoxy group; an opposing substrate facing the substrate; a color filter layer on a surface of the opposing substrate; and an auxiliary layer on the color filter layer and comprising an amine group, wherein the binding member and the auxiliary layer are in contact with each other, and the epoxy group of the binding member and the amine group of the auxiliary layer are chemically bonded to each other.

Abstract: Provided are a method for manufacturing syngas including the steps of (S1) heat-treating organic waste in a first reactor to produce a first mixed gas; (S2) introducing the first mixed gas to a second reactor and subjecting it to methane reforming in the presence of a catalyst to produce a second mixed gas; (S3) separating the catalyst and carbon dioxide from the second mixed gas and recovering a third mixed gas from which the catalyst and the carbon dioxide have been removed; (S4) converting the carbon dioxide separated in step (S3) into carbon monoxide through a reverse Boudouard reaction in a third reactor; and (S5) mixing the third mixed gas recovered in step (S3) and the carbon monoxide converted in step (S4) to produce syngas, and an apparatus for manufacturing syngas.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for an instant messaging service to provide a schedule service. A schedule management server according to an example embodiment includes receiving a schedule creating request, selecting any one of a first type of calendar belonging to a chatroom in which the schedule creating request is created and a second type of calendar belonging to a user account which creates the schedule creating request, according to a schedule type included in the schedule creating request; and creating a schedule corresponding to the selected type of calendar.

Abstract: Provided are a glass substrate protective film including an optically transparent adhesive layer; a polyimide-based shatter-proof layer formed on the optically transparent adhesive layer; and a hard coating layer formed on the polyimide-based shatter-proof layer. The hard coating layer and the optically transparent adhesive layer have a thickness of 5 to 20 ?m, the polyimide-based shatter-proof layer has a thickness of 20 to 50 ?m, the glass substrate protective film has an absolute value of a retardation in a thickness direction (Rth) of 2000 nm or less, and an adhesive strength when the optically transparent adhesive layer adheres to the glass substrate is 200 gf/in or more. A method for manufacturing the glass substrate laminate and a display panel including the glass substrate laminate are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a single process for producing hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon from methane by forming gas products comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and solid products comprising carbon and an iron-based catalyst from methane in a methane-containing feedstock through pyrolysis route involving auto-thermal reduction in a rotary kiln-type reactor in the presence of an iron-based catalyst and separating and recovering respective products.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for an instant messaging service to provide a schedule service. A schedule management server according to an example embodiment includes receiving a schedule creating request, selecting any one of a first type of calendar belonging to a chatroom in which the schedule creating request is created and a second type of calendar belonging to a user account which creates the schedule creating request, according to a schedule type included in the schedule creating request; and creating a schedule corresponding to the selected type of calendar.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method for fabricating the same are provided. The semiconductor device includes: a substrate; a pattern disposed over the substrate; a hard mask pattern that is conductive and disposed over the pattern, the hard mask pattern including a lower hard mask pattern and an upper hard mask pattern over the lower hard mask pattern; a conductive pattern disposed over the hard mask pattern and electrically connected to the pattern through the hard mask pattern; and an insulating layer covering a sidewall of the pattern and a sidewall of the lower hard mask pattern, wherein the upper hard mask pattern is disposed to protrude from the insulating layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an object recognition apparatus and method based on environment matching. The object recognition apparatus includes memory for storing at least one program, and a processor for executing the program, wherein the program performs extracting at least one key frame from a video that is input in real time, determining a similarity between the key frame extracted from the input video and each of videos used as training data of prestored multiple recognition models, based on a pretrained similarity-matching network, and selecting a recognition model pretrained with a video having a maximal similarity to the key frame extracted from the input video, preprocessing the input video such that at least one of color and size of a video used as training data of an initial model is similar to that of the input video, and recognizing the preprocessed video based on the initial model.

Abstract: Provided is a dehydrogenation catalyst having single-atom cobalt loaded onto a support including a zirconia core surface-modified with silica, a method for producing the dehydrogenation catalyst, and a method for producing corresponding olefin through dehydrogenation of paraffin, particularly light paraffin, in the presence of the dehydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: A semiconductor device may include: a first conductive line; a second conductive line disposed over the first conductive line and spaced apart from the first conductive line; a memory cell disposed between the first conductive line and the second conductive line and including a memory layer; and one or more shield layers disposed at least one of at a first location over the memory layer or a second location under the memory layer, the one or more shield layers including an MXene material.

Abstract: Provided are a method for manufacturing syngas including the steps of (S1) heat-treating organic waste in a first reactor to produce a first mixed gas; (S2) introducing the first mixed gas to a second reactor and subjecting it to methane reforming in the presence of a catalyst to produce a second mixed gas; (S3) separating the catalyst and carbon dioxide from the second mixed gas and recovering a third mixed gas from which the catalyst and the carbon dioxide have been removed; (S4) converting the carbon dioxide separated in step (S3) into carbon monoxide through a reverse Boudouard reaction in a third reactor; and (S5) mixing the third mixed gas recovered in step (S3) and the carbon monoxide converted in step (S4) to produce syngas, and an apparatus for manufacturing syngas.

Abstract: Provided is a dehydrogenation catalyst having single-atom cobalt loaded onto a support including a zirconia core surface-modified with silica, a method for producing the dehydrogenation catalyst, and a method for producing corresponding olefin through dehydrogenation of paraffin, particularly light paraffin, in the presence of the dehydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: A traction control method and a traction control apparatus for a vehicle are provided. The traction control method includes: estimating driving torque for each wheel and a difference between left and right wheel rotation speeds; determining a situation, in which the difference between the left and right wheel rotation speeds exceeds a first set value, to be a split wheel spin situation; estimating a maximum coefficient of friction between a spinning wheel and a road surface in the split wheel spin situation and estimating a maximum driving torque, at which the road surface is acceptable, by the maximum coefficient of friction; and obtaining a difference between driving torque of the spinning wheel and the maximum driving torque to calculate a road surface limitation excess driving torque and determining entry into traction control when the road surface limitation excess driving torque exceeds a second set value.

Abstract: Provided herein are glass substrate multilayer structure, a manufacturing method thereof, and a flexible display panel including the same. Also provided is a glass substrate multilayer structure that has remarkably good surface hardness, has remarkably good impact resistance, can provide for safety of a user by resisting scattering when the glass substrate is broken, and has excellent optical properties. The disclosure also relates to a manufacturing method the glass substrate multilayer structure, and a flexible display panel including the same.