Abstract: A method for determining an initial rotor position of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) includes: generating a plurality of transient currents by applying a plurality of voltages to each phase stator winding of a three phase stator winding of the PMSM; generating three phase current differences according to the plurality of transient currents; determining a first zone in which the initial rotor position of the PMSM is located according to the three phase current differences, wherein angles between 0-360 degrees are divided into a plurality of zones, and the first zone is selected from the plurality of zones; calculating three line current differences according to the three phase current differences; and determining the initial rotor position of the PMSM according to the first zone and the three line current differences.

Abstract: A key module and a keyboard are disclosed. The key module includes a bottom plate including a first opening; a keycap disposed on the bottom plate, and including a visible region corresponding to the first opening; a flexible component disposed between the bottom plate and the keycap, and including a second opening corresponding to the visible region; a support structure connected between the bottom plate and the flexible component, and including a third opening corresponding to the visible region; a circuit layer disposed between the bottom plate and the flexible component, and including a fourth opening corresponding to the visible region; and a pattern modulator disposed below the bottom plate, and including a pattern region corresponding to the visible region.

Abstract: The instant disclosure described a system and method to prevent the oxidizer overheating using cold side bypass for a VOCs treatment system with series rotor, which may be used in an organic waste air treatment system. The system is equipped with a Thermal Oxidizer (TO), a First Heat Exchanger, a Second Heat Exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a First Cold-Side Transporting Pipeline, a First Adsorption Rotor, a Second Adsorption Rotor, and a Chimney. There is a Cold-Side Proportional Damper installed between the First Desorption-Treated Air Pipeline and the First Cold-Side Transporting Pipeline, or it is installed on the First Desorption-Treated Air Pipeline. When the VOCs concentration becomes higher, the Cold-Side Proportional Damper can regulate the airflow to adjust the heat-recovery amount or concentration, when treating the organic waste air, it can prevent the TO from being overheated due to high oxidizer temperature, and protect it from Thermal Oxidizer shut-down.

Abstract: A method for increasing a resolution by N bits performed by a processing circuit of a motor driving system, where N is a positive integer, and the method includes: performing a conversion upon an analog command, to generate a command count value; performing a first N-bit right-shifting operation upon the command count value, to generate an initial output value; performing a logical operation upon the command count value, to generate a low bit value; generating an overflow value according to the low bit value; and determining a final output value according to the initial output value and the overflow value.

Abstract: A device is disclosed herein. The device includes a bias generator, an ESD driver, and a logic circuit. The bias generator includes a first transistor. The ESD driver includes a second transistor and a third transistor coupled to each other in series. The logic circuit is configured to generate a logic control signal. When the first transistor is turned on by a detection signal, the first transistor is turned off.

Abstract: A system and method to prevent the oxidizer overheating using cold side bypass during high input for a VOCs treatment system with series rotor are described, which may be used in an organic waste air treatment system. The system is equipped with a Thermal Oxidizer (TO), a First Heat Exchanger, a Second Heat Exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a Fourth Heat Exchanger, a First Cold-Side Transporting Pipeline, a Fourth Cold-Side Transporting Pipeline, a First Adsorption Rotor, a Second Adsorption Rotor, and a Chimney. There is a Cold-Side Proportional Damper installed between the First Desorption-Treated Air Pipeline and the First Cold-Side Transporting Pipeline, the First Desorption-Treated Air Pipeline and the Fourth Cold-Side Transporting Pipeline or between the First Cold-Side Transporting Pipeline and the Fourth Cold-Side Transporting Pipeline, or the damper is installed on the First Desorption-Treated Air Pipeline.

Abstract: A semiconductor component for a memory device is provided. The semiconductor component comprises a first active region extending in a first direction; a second active region extending in the first direction; a first conductive layer disposed across the first active region and the second active region, in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction; a second conductive layer extending in the first direction; and a first conductive via connecting the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.

Abstract: A control circuit arranged to detect an initial rotor position of a brushless DC motor includes: a voltage integrator circuit, arranged to perform integration upon an input voltage, to generate a plurality of integrated voltages; a PWM generating circuit, arranged to generate and output a plurality of PWM signals to the brushless DC motor through a drive circuit, and stop outputting a PWM signal that is any of the plurality of PWM signals to the brushless DC motor according to an integrated voltage corresponding to the PWM signal; a current receiving circuit, arranged to receive a plurality of feedback currents from the brushless DC motor; a comparison circuit, arranged to perform comparison upon the plurality of feedback currents, to generate a comparison result; and a decision circuit, arranged to detect the initial rotor position according to the comparison result.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides, among other things, a pharmaceutical composition that includes a lipid nanoparticle adjuvant and an anti-human papillomavirus (HPV) comprising HPV virus-like particles (VLPs) of at least one type of human papillomavirus (HPV) selected from the group consisting of HPV types: 6, 11, 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, and 82.

Abstract: Methods and devices are provided herein for enhancing robustness of a bipolar electrostatic discharge (ESD) device. The robustness of a bipolar ESD device includes providing an emitter region and a collector region adjacent to the emitter region. An isolation structure is provided between the emitter region and the collector region. A ballasting characteristic at the isolation structure is modified by inserting at least one partition structure therein. Each partition structure extends substantially abreast at least one of the emitter and the collector regions.

Abstract: A power converter includes an upper-gate circuit, a lower-gate circuit, an inductor, a first current sensor, a second current sensor, a weight adjustment circuit, and a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) controller. The upper-gate circuit receives an input voltage. The lower-gate circuit is coupled to a ground node. The upper-gate circuit and the lower-gate circuit are operated according to the PWM voltage. The inductor is coupled to the upper-gate circuit and the lower-gate circuit. The first current sensor monitors the upper-gate circuit, so as to generate a first detection current. The second current sensor monitors the lower-gate circuit, so as to generate a second detection current. The weight adjustment circuit generates a control current according to the first detection current and the second detection current. The PWM controller generates the PWM voltage according to the control current.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a voltage droop monitor (VDM) and a voltage droop monitoring method. The method includes: receiving a first reference clock signal and delaying the first reference clock signal as a first clock signal; delaying the first clock signal as a corresponding second clock signal; receiving the corresponding second clock signal from the corresponding first DCDL and generating a corresponding third clock signal via modifying a phase of the corresponding second clock signal; receiving the corresponding third clock signal; receiving a second reference clock signal; and collectively outputting a TDC code combination based on the second reference clock signal and the corresponding third clock signal, wherein the TDC code combination varies in response to a voltage variation of a to-be-monitored voltage.

Abstract: A surgical kit includes a shield for covering a portion of the spine of a subject. The shield can include an attachment portion adapted to engage a bone fixation assembly which is adapted to be fixed on multiple vertebra bones of the subject. The bone fixation assembly can include a vertebra joining member secured between two bone anchors. Each bone anchor can include a fastener portion adapted to be implanted into a vertebra bone and a head coupling portion adapted to secure the vertebra joining member. The shield can be coupled to the bone fixation assembly via separate coupling elements, such as a clip or an adjustable link secured between two vertebra joining members of the bone fixation assembly. Alternatively, the shield can include an integral attachment portion configured to engage the bone fixation assembly directly.

Abstract: A food preservation apparatus includes: a case body, forming an accommodating space inside, and including an inlet and an outlet in communication with the accommodating space; a transfer apparatus, including a conveyor belt and a drive assembly; at least one electric field generation apparatus, configured to generate a local electric field, the electric field generation apparatus being located in the accommodating space, and including an insulating substrate and a plurality of electrode plates, where the insulating substrate is disposed on an inner side wall surface of the case body on a different side from the part of the conveyor belt, and the plurality of electrode plates is arranged at intervals on the insulating substrate in the direction from the inlet to the outlet; and a control apparatus, electrically connected to the drive assembly and the plurality of electrode plates.

Abstract: A device is disclosed herein. The device includes a bias generator, an ESD driver, and a logic circuit. The bias generator includes a first transistor. The ESD driver includes a second transistor and a third transistor coupled to each other in series. The logic circuit is configured to generate a logic control signal. A first terminal of the first transistor is configured to receive a reference voltage signal, a control terminal of the first transistor is configured to receive a detection signal in response to an ESD event being detected, a second terminal of the first transistor is coupled to a control terminal of the third transistor, and a control terminal of the second transistor is configured to receive the logic control signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor component for a memory device is provided. The semiconductor component comprises a first active region extending in a first direction; a second active region extending in the first direction; a first conductive layer disposed across the first active region and the second active region, in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction; a second conductive layer extending in the first direction; and a first conductive via connecting the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to preventing an oxidizer from overheating using cold side bypass during high input for a VOCs treatment system having a series rotor, which may be used in an organic waste air treatment system. The system includes a thermal oxidizer (TO), a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, a third heat exchanger, a fourth heat exchanger, a first cold-side transporting pipeline, a fourth cold-side transporting pipeline, a first adsorption rotor, a second adsorption rotor, and a chimney. A cold-side proportional damper is installed between the first desorption-treated air pipeline and the first cold-side transporting pipeline, between the first desorption-treated air pipeline and the fourth cold-side transporting pipeline, or between the first cold-side transporting pipeline and the fourth cold-side transporting pipeline, or the damper is installed on the first desorption-treated air pipeline.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a delay estimation device and a delay estimation method. The delay estimation device includes a pulse generator, a digitally controlled delay line (DCDL), a time-to-digital converter (TDC), and a control circuit. The pulse generator receives a reference clock signal, outputs a first clock signal in response to a first rising edge of the reference clock signal, and outputs a second clock signal in response to a second rising edge of the reference clock signal. The DCDL receives the first clock signal from the pulse generator and converts the first clock signal into phase signals based on a combination of delay line codes. The TDC samples the phase signals to generate a timing code based on the second clock signal. The control circuit estimates a specific delay between the first clock signal and the second clock signal based on the timing code.

Abstract: An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuit is coupled between first and second power supply buses. The ESD protection circuit includes a detection circuit; a pull-up circuit, coupled to the detection circuit, comprising at least a first n-type transistor; a pull-down circuit, coupled to the pull-up circuit, comprising at least a second n-type transistor; and a bypass circuit, coupled to the pull-up and pull-down circuits, wherein the detection circuit is configured to detect whether an ESD event is present on either the first or the second bus so as to cause the pull-up and pull-down circuits to selectively enable the bypass circuit for providing a discharging path between the first and second power supply buses.

Abstract: Example inter-process communication methods and apparatus are descried. One example method includes writing, based on a calling convention, communication information into a register group of a first execution entity of a sending process. First data of target data is written into a stack memory of the first execution entity. The communication information includes a first value indicating a data amount of the first data, and the target data is data to be sent by the sending process to a first receiving process. Information in the register group of the first execution entity is replicated to a context of the first execution entity. The first data from the stack memory of the first execution entity is replicated to a stack memory of a second execution entity of the first receiving process based on the first value in the context of the first execution entity and the address of the stack memory.