Abstract: A packer unit to be used in an annular blowout preventer. The packer unit includes an elastomer body including a compound of a nitrile rubber base polymer having a polymer chain, and a quantity of fluorine atoms attached to the polymer chain. The compound includes between 50 and 60% of the nitrile elastomer, between 25 to 35% carbon black, and the rest includes other materials. The quantity of fluorine atoms comprises short-chain fluorocarbon chain molecules The quantity of fluorine atoms displaces at least an equal quantity of hydrogen atoms from the polymer chain when the elastomer body is fluorinated.

Abstract: The invention relates to elastomeric compositions containing filler particles that are predominantly two-dimensional in shape. The elastomeric compositions exhibit significantly improved thermal, chemical, and mechanical properties as compared with elastomers containing conventional fillers such as natural clay, carbon black, and carbon fiber. In addition, the elastomeric compositions of the invention exhibit improved resistance to solvent-induced swelling and to unwanted permeation of gases such as hydrogen sulfide. The invention also provides a method of forming such elastomeric compositions and methods of using such elastomeric compositions to prepare elastomeric articles with improved resistance to thermal, chemical, and mechanical stresses.

Abstract: A method for producing adamantane includes the steps of preparing a catalytic composition including an acidic ionic liquid and a co-catalyst and subjecting a tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene-containing component to isomerization in the presence of the catalytic composition to form adamantane. The acidic ionic liquid includes aluminum chloride and a quaternary onium compound selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium halide, a quaternary phosphonium halide, and a combination thereof. The co-catalyst is an oxygen-containing reagent.

Abstract: A packer unit to be used in an annular blowout preventer. The packer unit includes an elastomer body including a compound of a nitrile rubber base polymer having a polymer chain, and a quantity of fluorine atoms attached to the polymer chain. The compound includes between 50 and 60% of the nitrile elastomer, between 25 to 35% carbon black, and the rest includes other materials. The quantity of fluorine atoms comprises short-chain fluorocarbon chain molecules The quantity of fluorine atoms displaces at least an equal quantity of hydrogen atoms from the polymer chain when the elastomer body is fluorinated.

Abstract: Fatty acids are produced through transacylation. An organic nitrogen-containing compound is reacted with alkyl sultone to generate a white solid of a zwitterionic compound. After being purified and dried, the white solid is powdered to be reacted with a Bronsted strong acid for obtaining a clear viscous water-based acidic ionic liquid (IL) as a catalyst used used to effectively process transacylation between oil and acetic acid (HOAc) for fabricating fatty acid (FFA) and glycerol triacetate (GTA). Therein, unsaturated fatty acid is simultaneously processed through addition acetoxylation to obtain stabilized acetoxy fatty acid (AFFA). After, HOAc is recycled through vacuuming. Then, the product and the IL are stratified. The product at upper layer is taken out. The IL at lower layer can be recycled for processing transacylation and addition acetoxylation repeatedly. Therein, fatty acids including the stabilized AFFA are obtained from the product after taking out GTA through vacuum distillation.

Abstract: A method for producing adamantane includes the steps of preparing a catalytic composition including an acidic ionic liquid and a co-catalyst and subjecting a tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene-containing component to isomerization in the presence of the catalytic composition to form adamantane. The acidic ionic liquid includes aluminum chloride and a quaternary onium compound selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium halide, a quaternary phosphonium halide, and a combination thereof. The co-catalyst is an oxygen-containing reagent.

Abstract: The present invention uses a nitrogen-containing organic compound to be reacted with an alkyl sultone to obtain a zwitterion compound. The zwitterion compound is reacted with a heteropoly acid (HPA) to obtain an ionic liquid HPA (IL-HPA). The IL-HPA is used for acetylation of polyol and HOAc for obtaining polyol acetate. The IL used in the reaction can be recycled. Thus, problems of product separation, waste acid handling, and corrosion of facilities are solved and production through esterification is improved with a green catalysis.

Abstract: A packer unit for an annular blowout preventer including an annular elastomer body including an elastomer having a unidirectional grain and a quantity of fiber longitudinally aligned with the grain of the elastomer. A method of forming a packing unit for a blowout preventer including forming a fiber reinforced elastomer by aligning fibers with a grain of an elastomer; cutting a portion from the fiber reinforced elastomer in the direction of the grain; loading the cut portion in a packing unit mold such that the grain of the fiber reinforced elastomer of the cut portion is parallel to a packing unit axis; and heating the loaded packing unit mold.

Abstract: A method for plasma etching is provided, wherein a substrate pre-defining a plurality of to-be-etched segments is secured on a movable stage, and a spray area of plasma from a plasma gun is limited to get a spray-area-limited plasma. Then, at least one of the to-be-etched segments is positioned in an etch position in turn by a step and repeat manner, to make the to-be-etched segments in the etch position to be etched by the spray-area-limited plasma. A plasma etching apparatus is also provided, so that the uniformity of the plasma etching process may be controlled precisely to raise the etching uniformity.

Abstract: A packer unit for an annular blowout preventer including an annular elastomer body including an elastomer having a unidirectional grain and a quantity of fiber longitudinally aligned with the grain of the elastomer. A method of forming a packing unit for a blowout preventer including forming a fiber reinforced elastomer by aligning fibers with a grain of an elastomer; cutting a portion from the fiber reinforced elastomer in the direction of the grain; loading the cut portion in a packing unit mold such that the grain of the fiber reinforced elastomer of the cut portion is parallel to a packing unit axis; and heating the loaded packing unit mold.

Abstract: The present invention uses a nitrogen-containing organic compound to be reacted with an alkyl sultone to obtain a zwitterion compound. The zwitterion compound is reacted with a heteropoly acid (HPA) to obtain an ionic liquid HPA (IL-HPA). The IL-HPA is used for acetylation of polyol and HOAc for obtaining polyol acetate. The IL used in the reaction can be recycled. Thus, problems of product separation, waste acid handling, and corrosion of facilities are solved and production through esterification is improved with a green catalysis.

Abstract: A cutting tool suitable for cutting a workpiece placed on a photocurable adhesive layer is provided. The cutting tool includes a main body, a cutting layer and a light emitting material. The cutting layer is disposed on a surface of the main body and is applicable in cutting the workpiece. The light emitting material is disposed inside the cutting layer or between the main body and the cutting layer. The light emitting material is suitable for emitting a light capable of curing the photocurable adhesive layer adjacent to a cutting path as the workpiece is cut by the cutting layer.

Abstract: The present invention fabricates diethylene-glycol tert-butyl ether (DEGtBE) by using isobutylene and diethylene glycol (DEG) coordinated with an acidic cation exchanged resin as catalyst. Through two stages of vacuum distillations, highly selective and pure DEGtBE is produced. Moreover, a byproduct of diethylene-glycol di-tert-butyl ether (DEGDtBE) can be recycled.

Abstract: A packer unit to be used in an annular blowout preventer. The packer unit includes an elastomer body including a compound of a carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) base polymer having a polymer chain, and a quantity of fluorine atoms attached to the polymer chain. The compound includes between 50 and 60% XNBR, between 25 to 35% carbon black, and the rest includes other materials. The quantity of fluorine atoms displaces at least an equal quantity of hydrogen atoms from the polymer chain when the elastomer body is fluorinated.

Abstract: A packer unit to be used in an annular blowout preventer. The packer unit includes an elastomer body including a compound of a carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) base polymer having a polymer chain, and a quantity of fluorine atoms attached to the polymer chain. The compound includes between 50 and 60% XNBR, between 25 to 35% carbon black, and the rest includes other materials. The quantity of fluorine atoms displaces at least an equal quantity of hydrogen atoms from the polymer chain when the elastomer body is fluorinated.

Abstract: A method for synthesizing exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (exo-THDCPD) and adamantane is provided, including isomerization of an endo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (endo-THDCPD) as a reaction feed with an acidic ionic liquid of aluminum trichloride in a pseudo-fixed bed ionic liquid reactor. Reactants float as a droplet from bottom to top of the pseudo-fixed bed reactor, and finally are discharged from a side tube. A mole fraction of aluminum trichloride in the acidic ionic liquid of aluminum trichloride is from 0.5 to 0.9, a feeding rate of the reaction feed is 0.1-10 g/min, and a temperature for the isomerization is between 25-120° C.

Abstract: A cutting tool suitable for cutting a workpiece placed on a photocurable adhesive layer is provided. The cutting tool includes a main body, a cutting layer and a light emitting material. The cutting layer is disposed on a surface of the main body and is applicable in cutting the workpiece. The light emitting material is disposed inside the cutting layer or between the main body and the cutting layer. The light emitting material is suitable for emitting a light capable of curing the photocurable adhesive layer adjacent to a cutting path as the workpiece is cut by the cutting layer.

Abstract: A new method for fabricating fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) is provided. A Bronsted acid ionic liquid is used. After some reactions, two layers of materials are formed. A product of FAME is obtained at the upper layer of material. The lower layer of material is the ionic liquid. Thus, the ionic liquid is reusable for re-fabricating the FAME product. And, furthermore, waste acid is thus reduced.

Abstract: A process for isomerization of tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene using a supported acidic ionic liquid as catalyst is provided. In the presence of the supported acidic ionic liquid, endo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene is isomerized to exo-tetrahydrodicyclo-pentadiene, wherein the supported acidic ionic liquid includes a porous support and an acidic ionic liquid, and the acidic ionic liquid includes an aluminum halide, and a quaternary ammonium halide or a quaternary phosphonium halide. The porous support is impregnated with the acidic ionic liquid. Furthermore, under different reaction conditions, the exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene product can be isomerized to adamantane in the presence of such a supported acidic ionic liquid.

Abstract: An apparatus for automatic color correction is provided, which includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a plurality of section adders and a micro control unit (MCU). The section adders divide a test image signal through the ADC into sections and count the gray-level amount in each section. The MCU adjusts the offset and the gain of the ADC for automatic color correction, thereby ensuring that the color in the image signal almost appear to our eye as the true color.