Abstract: This invention is a photographic film proposed to facilitate a cutting operation of the photographic film by accurately cutting a longitudinal central position of perforations and to facilitate an editing operation of cut stereo photographs, and has a constitution which has perforations provided along the vicinities of both upper and lower side edges of the photographic film, cutting marks described as latent images by preexposure at a longitudinal center of a periphery of each perforation. Further, frame numbers for a stereo photograph are described as latent images by preexposure at a lower edge of each photographic picture plane of the film.

Abstract: A photographic film which makes it easy to recognize the positions for cutting the photographic film into frames and which can be used for both stereoscopic cameras and general cameras. The photographic film 1 is perforated as designated at 2 along near both the upper and lower side edges thereof maintaining a pitch which is one-half the pitch P of the pair of right and left exposure surfaces of a stereoscopic camera. The perforated holes 2 are located in a gap among the frames irrespective of whether pictures are taken by using a stereoscopic camera having a film-feeding mechanism that corresponds to the perforated holes 2 of the photographic film 1 or by using a one-frame shooting camera. The photographic film 1 can be cut maintaining a correct frame size when it is cut relying upon the upper and lower holes 2 as marks.

Abstract: The present invention is to improve the visibility of a cutting position of a developed reversal film, and in the invention perforations are provided in upper and lower sides of a photographic film at the same pitch as that of the photographic area of a camera. A V-shaped groove is provided in the perforation at a longitudinally central position. The V-shaped grooves in the upper and lower perforations serve as an accurate target for cutting by taking photos with a camera designed such that the perforations are situated at gap portions G between photographic areas or frames.

Abstract: In cutting a film into individual screens and in fitting the screens onto the slide mounts, the positions for cutting the film are correctly set so that the film can be cut easily and quickly. For this purpose, holes are perforated in an opposing manner in both side portions of the film in a direction in which it is fed. The film is loaded into the camera, and a line L connecting the centers of the holes is brought into agreement with the center line of a gap portion between the screens. The film is divided into individual screens when it is cut using a pair of scissors along the lines L that connect the holes of the film. The ends of the holes in the direction of feed are semicircularly formed. Therefore, if the film divided into individual screens is brought into engagement with the positioning pins of the slide mount, semicircular portions of the holes and the positioning pins are fitted to each other, and the film is correctly fitted onto the slide mount.

Abstract: A pipe for underdrainage comprises (1) a liquid-collecting pipe; (2) a plurality of discontinuous protrusions on the outer surface of the liquid-collecting pipe; (3) a filter layer capable of passing liquid while substantially excluding solids, the filter layer being disposed around the liquid-collecting pipe and contacting the top portions of the protrusions; and (4) a liquid-conducting way composed of a space communicating both in the longitudinal direction and in the peripheral direction of the liquid collecting pipe and defined by the protrusions, the outer surface of the liquid-collecting pipe and the inner surface of the filter layer.

Abstract: An underdrainage pipe comprises a liquid-collecting pipe, protrusions on the liquid-collecting pipe, a filter layer around the liquid-collecting pipe and a liquid-conducting way, and the protrusions having at least one recess for each and the bottom portion of the recess not reaching the surface of the liquid-collecting pipe.