Abstract: A vehicle management device includes one or more processors configured to: manage a plurality of vehicles to be provided for users in a car sharing service; manage, as a plurality of first vehicles, a part of the vehicles to be allocated to an on-demand use in which the users use the car sharing service without reservation; manage, as a plurality of second vehicles, a part of the vehicles to be allocated to a reservation use in which the users use the car sharing service with the reservation; and change at least one of the second vehicles to the first vehicles when the number of the first vehicles is less than a first predetermined number.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus manages a vehicle used for a car-sharing service. The information processing apparatus includes a control unit configured to acquire, from a user, as application information for using the vehicle, one of application information for reservation use for making a reservation in advance and application information for on-demand use for accepting use of a vehicle stopped at an on-demand stand-by station. The same vehicle can be used for both the reservation use and the on-demand use.

Abstract: [Problem to be solved] To provide a water-soluble film capable of achieving both cold water solubility and resistance to oxidative deterioration. [Solution] A water-soluble film containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin, wherein the water-soluble film has a surface on at least one side in which an abundance ratio of carbonyl in all carbon bonds obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is 1 to 5%, and a complete dissolution time in water at 10° C. is 120 seconds or less.

Abstract: [Problem to be solved] To provide a water-soluble film capable of suppressing formation of holes when used as a package while maintaining water solubility, and a package using such a water-soluble film. [Solution] A water-soluble film containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin, wherein within a square A1 with a side of 1 cm or more and 5 cm or less positioned at an arbitrary location on at least one surface of the water-soluble film, each side of an area of square A2 with a side of 5 ?m is divided into 64 to divide the entire area into 4096 pixels, and when elastic moduli of the pixels are measured by an atomic force microscope, a number average value of the elastic moduli of the pixels is 1 to 200 MPa, and a coefficient of variation of the elastic moduli of the pixels is 0.1 to 0.7.

Abstract: [Problem to be solved] To provide a water-soluble film having good transparency and good releasability from a support with less surfactant content. [Solution] A water-soluble film containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin and surfactant, wherein a content of the surfactant is 0.005 to 1 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polyvinyl alcohol resin, and a ratio S(0)/S(32) of an abundance amount S(0) of the surfactant on at least one surface of the water-soluble film to an abundance amount S(32) of the surfactant on a cross-section surface at a depth of 32 nm from the at least one surface of the water-soluble film, measured by a count number of fragment ions derived from the surfactant detected by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry on the at least one surface of the water-soluble film, is in the range of 100 to 500.

Abstract: [Problem to be solved] To provide a water-soluble film excellent in high-speed heat-sealing property while maintaining excellent solubility in water, and a package using the same. [Solution] A water-soluble film of the present invention is a water-soluble film containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin, wherein after conditioning the water-soluble film at a temperature of 20° C. and a relative humidity of 60% for 24 hours, a first melting temperature Tm1 obtained from a melting curve when the temperature of the water-soluble film is raised to 200° C. at 500° C./sec and a second melting temperature Tm2 obtained from a melting curve when the temperature of the water-soluble film is cooled to 0° C. at 100° C./sec after a temperature rise and the temperature of the water-soluble film is again raised to 200° C. at 100° C./sec satisfy relationships of the following formulas (1) and (2). 105° C.?Tm1?165° C.??(1) Tm2?Tm1?20° C.

Abstract: [Problem to be solved] To provide a water-soluble film capable of which is excellent in water solubility and less likely to cause problems such as breakage of packaging material during storage and transportation by controlling the crystal long period structure of the PVA molecule and, for example, the degree of phase separation state between PVA and other components in the water-soluble film.

Abstract: [Problem to be solved] To provide a water-soluble film that is excellent in high-speed printability and moisture resistance. [Solution] A water-soluble film containing a polyvinyl alcohol resin, wherein the water-soluble film has a surface on at least one side in which an abundance ratio of carbon-oxygen single bond (C—O) in all carbon element bonds obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is in the range of 75 to 85%.

Abstract: There is provided a water-soluble film containing polyvinyl alcohol resin, wherein a ratio RSm (LD/TD) is 1.2 or greater and 2.5 or less, where the RSm (LD/TD) is the ratio of an average length RSm (LD) of roughness curve elements on at least one film surface in the longitudinal direction to an average length RSm (TD) of roughness curve elements on the same film surface in the transverse direction. This allows provision of a water-soluble film that can be suitably used for manufacturing a package with excellent uniformity of seal strength, even for manufacturing a package with excellent uniformity of seal strength during high-speed sealing; and a package using the film.

Abstract: There is provided a water-soluble film containing polyvinyl alcohol resin, wherein the ratio of fluorine element to the total amount of elements (F1S) found at the time of analyzing a first surface of the water-soluble film through X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy is 1 mol % or greater and 25 mol % or less; and ratio of the fluorine element to the total amount of elements (F1B) found at the time of analyzing a surface 0.1 ?m deep from the first surface through X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy is 0.5 mol % or less. As a result, a water-soluble film having excellent detachability from the support, as well as excellent transparency and sealing property, and a packaging body for chemicals may be provided using this film.

Abstract: A water-soluble film is provided that is excellent in film transparency and water solubility and inhibits sticking between the films. A water-soluble film includes a polyvinyl alcohol resin, wherein a crystallite size obtained from an X-ray profile obtained by wide-angle X-ray measurement is from 4.0 to 5.5 nm and a degree of crystallization obtained from the X-ray profile is from 10.0% to 25.0%, and an external haze is from 7.0% to 30.0%.

Abstract: Provided are a water-soluble film capable of inhibiting sticking between the films while maintaining excellent water solubility and a package using the same. A water-soluble film of the present invention includes a polyvinyl alcohol resin. When a crystallinity index calculated using a diamond prism is Fd1 and a crystallinity index calculated using a germanium prism is Fg1 for FT-IR measurement of a first surface of the water-soluble film by ATR technique, Fd1 and Fg1 are Fd1?0.65 and Fd1/Fg1<1. Fd1 is preferably Fd1?0.25.

Abstract: Provided are a water-soluble PVA film having good water sealing properties in addition to excellent water solubility while maintaining mechanical strength of the water-soluble PVA film and a package using the same. A water-soluble film of the present invention includes a polyvinyl alcohol resin. When a crystallinity index calculated using a diamond prism is Fd1 and a crystallinity index calculated using a germanium prism is Fg1 for FT-IR measurement of a first surface of the water-soluble film by ATR technique, Fd1 and Fg1 are 0.25 Fd1 0.65 and Fd1/Fg1 >1. Fd1 and Fg1 are preferably Fd1/Fg1?1.5.

Abstract: Provided are a water-soluble film having excellent solubility in water and capable of reducing the stickiness of the contact surfaces to each other at the edges during storage in rolls, a production method thereof, and a package using the water-soluble film. A water-soluble film of the present invention includes a polyvinyl alcohol resin. The water-soluble film satisfies a formula (1) below when amounts of crystalline component are respectively (A1)0, (A1)60, and (A1)180, the amounts being obtained from a spin-spin relaxation curve by 1H pulse NMR measurement of the water-soluble film immediately after, 60 seconds after, and 180 seconds after the water-soluble film is immersed in a mixed solution of deuterated water and deuterated methanol mixed at a volume ratio of 1:1 at 5° C. ( Math ? ? 1 ) 0.2 < ( A ? ? 1 ) 60 / ( A ? ? 1 ) 0 < 0.

Abstract: Provided are a water-soluble film preferably used for production of a package that has excellent surface gloss and has excellent anti-blocking properties, and a package using the same. A water-soluble film includes a polyvinyl alcohol resin, wherein the water-soluble film has a glossy surface with an average height SRc(G) of 1.8 ?m or less and a maximum height SRz(G) of 20 ?m or more and 50 ?m or less.

Abstract: Provided are a water-soluble film capable of maintaining good mechanical strength even when packaging a liquid detergent and the like while maintaining excellent water solubility of the water-soluble film and a package using the same. A water-soluble film of the present invention includes a polyvinyl alcohol resin. When a crystallinity index calculated for a first surface is Fd1 and a crystallinity index calculated for a second surface opposed to the first surface is Fd2 for FT-IR measurement of respective two surfaces of the water-soluble film by ATR technique using a diamond prism, the Fd1 and the Fd2 are 0.22?Fd1?0.72, 0.2?Fd2?0.65 and Fd1/Fd2?1.1.

Abstract: A water-soluble film is provided that is capable of achieving deformation resistance during pouch storage as well as excellent water solubility of the film and excellent reduction in undissolved residues. A water-soluble film includes a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin, wherein a crystal long period Ds obtained from an X-ray profile obtained by small-angle X-ray scattering measurement in a water/methanol mixed solvent (volume ratio: 2/8) is from 10.0 to 30.0 nm and a rate of increase (DS?Da)/Da of the crystal long period Ds to a crystal long period Da obtained by small-angle X-ray scattering measurement before immersion in the solvent is 30% or more and 130% or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a monolayer base film for hydraulic transfer printing that is excellent in water solubility and allows high resolution transfer printing without rupture even in high speed printing and a film for hydraulic transfer printing using the same. The present invention is a base film for hydraulic transfer printing comprising a polyvinyl alcohol resin, the base film forming a printing layer to be transferred to an article by hydraulic transfer printing. In this base film for hydraulic transfer printing, the base film for hydraulic transfer printing has an amount (A1) of crystalline component of 60% or less and an amount (A2) of constrained amorphous component from 10% to 50%, the amounts being obtained from a spin-spin relaxation curve by 1H pulse NMR measurement of the base film in deuterated methanol, and a moisture content from 1 to 5 mass %.

Abstract: Provided are a water-soluble film that causes less deformation of the package during storage, while maintaining excellent solubility in water, and is capable of suppressing the occurrence of tears and the like, a production method thereof, and a package using the water-soluble film. A water-soluble film of the present invention includes a polyvinyl alcohol resin. The water-soluble film has an amount (A1) of crystalline component of 60% or less and an amount (A2) of constrained amorphous component from 10% to 50%, the amounts being obtained from a spin-spin relaxation curve by 1H pulse NMR measurement of the water-soluble film in deuterated methanol. A ratio (A1/A2) of the amount (A1) of crystalline component to the amount (A2) of constrained amorphous component is preferably from 0.1 to 5.

Abstract: A piston has a piston main body including an aluminum alloy, and a covering layer formed on the outer surface of the piston main body, and the covering layer has a first plating layer including an iron-phosphorous alloy, and a second plating layer including a nickel-phosphorous alloy formed on the first plating layer.