Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device by sealing liquid crystals between the substrates relying upon a drop-injection method making it easy to determine a suitable dropping amount of the liquid crystals. The method comprises forming pillar spacers for maintaining a cell thickness on a CF substrate, measuring the height of the pillar spacers, determining the dropping amount of the liquid crystals based on the number of times of executing a step of forming an alignment film again effected for the CF substrate after measuring the height of the pillar spacers, dropping the liquid crystals in the determined dropping amount onto the CF substrate or onto a TFT substrate, sticking the CF substrate and the TFT substrates together in vacuum, and returning the pressure back to the atmospheric pressure to inject the liquid crystals into between the two substrates.

Abstract: A vertically alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is disclosed. The disclosed liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: There is to provide an optical element fabrication method including the steps of forming a thin film onto a substrate, and eliminating a color center produced in the forming step by giving energy to the substrate.

Abstract: The step of putting drops of liquid crystal onto a substrate includes the putting of drops of liquid crystal onto the substrate at spaced intervals of 15 mm or less. Thus, an impurity concentration is made equal to or less than 30 ppm in a region in which the liquid crystals collide with each other when the bonding of the substrates causes diffusion of the liquid crystals through a liquid crystal cell. A liquid crystal dripping apparatus including a branch nozzle having a plurality of discharge openings is used in the step of putting drops of liquid crystal onto the substrate. By a single dispensing operation, the apparatus simultaneously puts drops of liquid crystal onto a plurality of spots on the substrate.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display, which can surely perform an instillation process used when liquid crystal is sealed between substrates in a cell process, and a fabrication method thereof. A liquid crystal display comprises a sealing material made of a photo-curing type material which seals liquid crystal sandwiched between substrates, and a shading film having a shading area which overlays a red-colored layer transmitting red light, a green-colored layer transmitting green light and a blue-colored layer transmitting blue light, wherein only the blue-colored layer is formed in an area of the shading film contacting with the sealing material and the photo-curing type material of the sealing material is structured to have a light reactive area for a wavelength of blue color band.

Abstract: A vertically alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is disclosed. The disclosed liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display, which can surely perform an instillation process used when liquid crystal is sealed between substrates in a cell process, and a fabrication method thereof. A liquid crystal display comprises a sealing material 6 made of a photo-curing type material which seals liquid crystal 22 sandwiched between substrates 4 and 16, and a shading film 8 having a shading area which overlays a red-colored layer 28 transmitting red light, a green-colored layer 26 transmitting green light and a blue-colored layer 24 transmitting blue light, wherein only the blue-colored layer 24 is formed in an area of the shading film contacting with the sealing material 6 and the photo-curing type material of the sealing material is structured to have a light reactive area for a wavelength of blue color band.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display, which can surely perform an instillation process used when liquid crystal is sealed between substrates in a cell process, and a fabrication method thereof. A liquid crystal display comprises a sealing material 6 made of a photo-curing type material which seals liquid crystal 22 sandwiched between substrates 4 and 16, and a shading film 8 having a shading area which overlays a red-colored layer 28 transmitting red light, a green-colored layer 26 transmitting green light and a blue-colored layer 24 transmitting blue light, wherein only the blue-colored layer 24 is formed in an area of the shading film contacting with the sealing material 6 and the photo-curing type material of the sealing material is structured to have a light reactive area for a wavelength of blue color band.

Abstract: The step of putting drops of liquid crystal onto a substrate includes the putting of drops of liquid crystal onto the substrate at spaced intervals of 15 mm or less. Thus, an impurity concentration is made equal to or less than 30 ppm in a region in which the liquid crystals collide with each other when the bonding of the substrates causes diffusion of the liquid crystals through a liquid crystal cell. A liquid crystal dripping apparatus including a branch nozzle having a plurality of discharge openings is used in the step of putting drops of liquid crystal onto the substrate. By a single dispensing operation, the apparatus simultaneously puts drops of liquid crystal onto a plurality of spots on the substrate.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a substrate according to the present invention includes the steps of positioning a copper layer forming material including a constituent material of a copper layer and a base such that the base faces the copper layer forming material in a position vertically above the copper layer forming material; and vapor-depositing copper on the base by heating the copper layer forming material to a temperature range of 90 to 200° C. and heating the base to a temperature range of 120 to 450° C., thereby forming the copper layer. Thus, a method for manufacturing a substrate that includes a fine copper layer having a high copper purity with safety at low cost, which is suitable for manufacturing a semiconductor substrate, an electronic substrate, etc. is provided, and a vapor deposition apparatus used for the method is provided.

Abstract: A vertically alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is disclosed. The disclosed liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: In an anti-reflective film including alternating layers of high refractive-index layers and low refractive-index layers, by designing such that a designed central wavelength ?0 is within a wavelength range of 141 nm to 189 nm, and that when the first to eighth layers as counted from a substrate have optical film thicknesses d1 to d8 respectively, the equations of: 0.45?0?d1?0.65?0; 0.05?0?d2?0.20?0; 0.29?0?d3?0.49?0; 0.01?0?d4?0.15?0; 0.05?0?d5?0.20?0; 0.23?0?d6?0.28?0; 0.23?0?d7?0.28?0; and 0.23?0?d8?0.28?0 are satisfied, the anti-reflective film can be formed so as to have a low reflectance for a light incident at such a large angle as 30 degrees or more, without increasing the whole thickness of the film.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display, which can surely perform an instillation process used when liquid crystal is sealed between substrates in a cell process, and a fabrication method thereof. A liquid crystal display comprises a sealing material 6 made of a photo-curing type material which seals liquid crystal 22 sandwiched between substrates 4 and 16, and a shading film 8 having a shading area which overlays a red-colored layer 28 transmitting red light, a green-colored layer 26 transmitting green light and a blue-colored layer 24 transmitting blue light, wherein only the blue-colored layer 24 is formed in an area of the shading film contacting with the sealing material 6 and the photo-curing type material of the sealing material is structured to have a light reactive area for a wavelength of blue color band.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel includes coating a resin film on one of a pair of substrates facing each other and patterning the resin film to form pillar spacers. The surface of the substrate where the pillar spacers have been formed is optically cleaned, and alignment film is formed on the optically cleaned substrate. In the optical cleaning process, a light source having an emission peak in a wavelength range of 180 nm or less, or 260 nm or more, and not having an emission peak in a wavelength range from 180 nm to 260 nm is used.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display, which can surely perform an instillation process used when liquid crystal is sealed between substrates in a cell process, and a fabrication method thereof. A liquid crystal display comprises a sealing material 6 made of a photo-curing type material which seals liquid crystal 22 sandwiched between substrates 4 and 16, and a shading film 8 having a shading area which overlays a red-colored layer 28 transmitting red light, a green-colored layer 26 transmitting green light and a blue-colored layer 24 transmitting blue light, wherein only the blue-colored layer 24 is formed in an area of the shading film contacting with the sealing material 6 and the photo-curing type material of the sealing material is structured to have a light reactive area for a wavelength of blue color band.

Abstract: A vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is provided. The liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage is applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: A vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of two substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: A vertically alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is disclosed. The disclosed liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: A vertically alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is disclosed. The disclosed liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display, which can surely perform an instillation process used when liquid crystal is sealed between substrates in a cell process, and a fabrication method thereof. A liquid crystal display comprises a sealing material 6 made of a photo-curing type material which seals liquid crystal 22 sandwiched between substrates 4 and 16, and a shading film 8 having a shading area which overlays a red-colored layer 28 transmitting red light, a green-colored layer 26 transmitting green light and a blue-colored layer 24 transmitting blue light, wherein only the blue-colored layer 24 is formed in an area of the shading film contacting with the sealing material 6 and the photo-curing type material of the sealing material is structured to have a light reactive area for a wavelength of blue color band.