Abstract: For the purpose of readily and thoroughly removing organic material components, in particular such as alignment film and alignment-control projection component, formed on an inorganic material film while minimizing the number of process steps, and reducing damage possibly exerted on the individual layers under the organic material components as possible, so as to allow a color filter (CF) substrate or a TFT substrate to be recycled after being returned back to a state very close to its final form, a CF substrate for example is regenerated by removing an alignment film, a columnar spacer and projection components, all of which being organic material components residing on the upper side of the ITO transparent electrode as an inorganic material film, by wet polishing using an abrasive containing cerium oxide and water.

Abstract: An MVA liquid crystal display which is high in brightness and has preferable characteristics is provided. Further, the MVA liquid crystal display with a preferable display quality as well as a larger margin in fabrication and a higher yield is provided. A first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode corresponding to a display pixel, the liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy sealed between the first and the second substrates, and a structure which is provided on each of the first and the second substrate to control an alignment of the liquid crystal are provided. The structure in the first substrate has a linear protrusion structure and provides at least two auxiliary protrusion structures opposing to each end portion facing to the second electrode extending from a protrusion structure provided and the width between the two auxiliary protrusions and the opposing second electrode is more than 6 ?m respectively.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display, which can surely perform an instillation process used when liquid crystal is sealed between substrates in a cell process, and a fabrication method thereof. A liquid crystal display comprises a sealing material 6 made of a photo-curing type material which seals liquid crystal 22 sandwiched between substrates 4 and 16, and a shading film 8 having a shading area which overlays a red-colored layer 28 transmitting red light, a green-colored layer 26 transmitting green light and a blue-colored layer 24 transmitting blue light, wherein only the blue-colored layer 24 is formed in an area of the shading film contacting with the sealing material 6 and the photo-curing type material of the sealing material is structured to have a light reactive area for a wavelength of blue color band.

Abstract: An MVA liquid crystal display which is high in brightness and has preferable characteristics is provided. Further, the MVA liquid crystal display with a preferable display quality as well as a larger margin in fabrication and a higher yield is provided. A first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode corresponding to a display pixel, the liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy sealed between the first and the second substrates, and a structure which is provided on each of the first and the second substrate to control an alignment of the liquid crystal are provided. The structure in the first substrate has a linear protrusion structure and provides at least two auxiliary protrusion structures opposing to each end portion facing to the second electrode extending from a protrusion structure provided and the width between the two auxiliary protrusions and the opposing second electrode is more than 6 ?m respectively.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for forming a film of aluminum oxide in which a target containing aluminum is sputtered in a gas containing fluorine atoms. The thin film of aluminum oxide according to the present invention has little optical absorption and high refractive index in the ultraviolet and vacuum ultraviolet regions.

Abstract: An MVA liquid crystal display which is high in brightness and has preferable characteristics is provided. Further, the MVA liquid crystal display with a preferable display quality as well as a larger margin in fabrication and a higher yield is provided. A first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode corresponding to a display pixel, the liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy sealed between the first and the second substrates, and a structure which is provided on each of the first and the second substrate to control an alignment of the liquid crystal are provided. The structure in the first substrate has a linear protrusion structure and provides at least two auxiliary protrusion structures opposing to each end portion facing to the second electrode extending from a protrusion structure provided and the width between the two auxiliary protrusions and the opposing second electrode is more than 6 ?m respectively.

Abstract: The step of putting drops of liquid crystal onto a substrate includes the putting of drops of liquid crystal onto the substrate at spaced intervals of 15 mm or less. Thus, an impurity concentration is made equal to or less than 30 ppm in a region in which the liquid crystals collide with each other when the bonding of the substrates causes diffusion of the liquid crystals through a liquid crystal cell. A liquid crystal dripping apparatus including a branch nozzle having a plurality of discharge openings is used in the step of putting drops of liquid crystal onto the substrate. By a single dispensing operation, the apparatus simultaneously puts drops of liquid crystal onto a plurality of spots on the substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a liquid crystal display device which is used for a display part of an electronic equipment and includes a vertical alignment type liquid crystal having a negative dielectric anisotropy, in which light leak due to damage of an alignment film is prevented, and an excellent display characteristic is obtained. The MVA mode liquid crystal display device includes a recessed part at a position of a TFT substrate opposite to a linear protrusion. Thus, a cell gap at a position where the linear protrusion is formed becomes almost equal to that at the other position. Accordingly, even if a ball spacer is disposed on the linear protrusion, it is possible to relieve compressive stress exerted on vertical alignment films from the ball spacer when both the substrates are attached to each other.

Abstract: There is to provide an optical element fabrication method including the steps of forming a thin film onto a substrate, and eliminating a color center produced in the forming step by giving energy to the substrate.

Abstract: In an anti-reflective film comprising alternating layers of high refractive-index layers and low refractive-index layers, by designing such that a designed central wavelength ?0 is within a wavelength range of 141 nm to 189 nm, and that when the first to eighth layers as counted from a substrate have optical film thicknesses d1 to d8 respectively, the equations of: 0.45?0?d1?0.65?0; 0.05?0?d2?0.20?0; 0.29?0?d3?0.49?0; 0.01?0?d4?0.15?0; 0.05?0?d5?0.20?0; 0.23?0?d6?0.28?0; 0.23?0?d7?0.28?0; and 0.23?0?d8?0.28?0 are satisfied, the anti-reflective film can be formed so as to have a low reflectance for a light incident at such a large angle as 30 degrees or more, without increasing the whole thickness of the film.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device by sealing liquid crystals between the substrates relying upon a drop-injection method making it easy to determine a suitable dropping amount of the liquid crystals. The method comprises forming pillar spacers for maintaining a cell thickness on a CF substrate, measuring the height of the pillar spacers, determining the dropping amount of the liquid crystals based on the number of times of executing a step of forming an alignment film again effected for the CF substrate after measuring the height of the pillar spacers, dropping the liquid crystals in the determined dropping amount onto the CF substrate or onto a TFT substrate, sticking the CF substrate and the TFT substrates together in vacuum, and returning the pressure back to the atmospheric pressure to inject the liquid crystals into between the two substrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a copper compound having a decomposition temperature in a range of 100° C. to 300° C. and including one unit or a plurality of connected units represented by the following Formula (1): [R1COO]n[NH3]mCuX1p ??(1) where n is 1 to 3; m is 1 to 3; p is 0 to 1; n pieces of R1 respectively represent the following Formula (2), CH2X2, CH2X2(CHX2)q, NH2, or H, and may be the same or different from each other, or n is 2 and two pieces of [R1COO] represent together the following Formula (3); R2, R3, and R4 are respectively CH2X2, CH2X2(CHX2)q, NH2, or H; R5 is —(CHX2)r—; X2 is H, OH, or NH2; r is 0 to 4; q is 1 to 4; and X1 is NH4+, H2O, or solvent molecules According to the above configuration, there are provided a copper compound capable of forming a copper thin film required for producing an electronic device or the like safely, inexpensively, and easily, and a method for producing a copper thin film using the copper compound.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel, wherein a gap between substrates is to be maintained as designed. In a method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display panel, comprising a step of coating a resin film on one of a pair of substrates facing each other and patterning the resin film to form pillar spacers, a step of optically cleaning the surface of the substrate where the pillar spacers have been formed, and a step of forming an alignment film on the optically cleaned substrate, in the optical cleaning, a light source having an emission peak in a wavelength range of 180 nm or less or 260 nm or more and not having an emission peak in a wavelength range from 180 nm to 260 nm is used.

Abstract: A vertically alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is disclosed. The disclosed liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: An MVA liquid crystal display which is high in brightness and has preferable characteristics is provided. Further, the MVA liquid crystal display with a preferable display quality as well as a larger margin in fabrication and a higher yield is provided. A first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode corresponding to a display pixel, the liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy sealed between the first and the second substrates, and a structure which is provided on each of the first and the second substrate to control an alignment of the liquid crystal are provided. The structure in the first substrate has a linear protrusion structure and provides at least two auxiliary protrusion structures opposing to each end portion facing to the second electrode extending from a protrusion structure provided and the width between the two auxiliary protrusions and the opposing second electrode is more than 6 &mgr;m respectively.

Abstract: A vertical alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is provided. The liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage is applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: A vertically alignment mode liquid crystal display device having an improved viewing angle characteristic is disclosed. The disclosed liquid crystal display device uses a liquid crystal having a negative anisotropic dielectric constant, and orientations of the liquid crystal are vertical to substrates when no voltage being applied, almost horizontal when a predetermined voltage is applied, and oblique when an intermediate voltage is applied. At least one of the substrates includes a structure as domain regulating means, and inclined surfaces of the structure operate as a trigger to regulate azimuths of the oblique orientations of the liquid crystal when the intermediate voltage is applied.

Abstract: There is to provide an optical element fabrication method including the steps of forming a thin film onto a substrate, and eliminating a color center produced in the forming step by giving energy to the substrate.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display, which can surely perform an instillation process used when liquid crystal is sealed between substrates in a cell process, and a fabrication method thereof. A liquid crystal display comprises a sealing material 6 made of a photo-curing type material which seals liquid crystal 22 sandwiched between substrates 4 and 16, and a shading film 8 having a shading area which overlays a red-colored layer 28 transmitting red light, a green-colored layer 26 transmitting green light and a blue-colored layer 24 transmitting blue light, wherein only the blue-colored layer 24 is formed in an area of the shading film contacting with the sealing material 6 and the photo-curing type material of the sealing material is structured to have a light reactive area for a wavelength of blue color band.

Abstract: A vacuum deposition system comprises i) a film-forming chamber the inside of which can be kept at a stated degree of vacuum by a film-forming chamber evacuation means such as a vacuum pump, having a substrate holder which holds a substrate on which a thin film is to be formed and a crucible which heats and evaporates a deposition material to be made into a thin film, and ii) a reaction chamber in the inside of which a gas is to be ionized, which is connected to a reaction chamber gas feed means which feeds a source gas for compensating gas atoms having come short; the film-forming chamber and the reaction chamber being connected through a pressure control means. The source gas fed by means of the reaction chamber gas feed means is previously ionized in the reaction chamber by the action of ionization attributable to the plasma, and thereafter the pressure control means is operated to introduce the ionized gas into the film-forming chamber.