Abstract: An efficient solution to transform an output from a single ended source to a pair of differential signals that are provided to a differential receiver. The differential receiver is any number of devices including a differential clock receiver. The differential signals may be referenced to voltages used to receiver power supply voltages. The present invention obviates the need for an additional differential driver and its required additional devices that are needed to perform transformation of a single ended signal to a pair of differential signals. In one embodiment, two independent power and ground planes are communicatively coupled via a transmission line, or transmission line-like traces on a printed circuit board, and are used to provide uniform impedance control for all return paths within a system.

Abstract: An apparatus and method that permits signal traces of different widths and the same impedance to be placed on the same layer of a printed circuit board (PCB). Alternatively, signal traces of different impedances but the same width may be placed on the same layer of the PCB. Ground and power planes are paired on adjacent layers of the PCB with a portion of the power plane relative to the ground plane removed. Signal traces of the same width and different impedances or vice-versa can be placed on the same layer because each signal trace is referenced to different planes.

Abstract: A circuit in a printed circuit board includes a trace and a ground plane coupled to the trace that includes slots in the vicinity of the trace. The slots are dimensioned and arrayed such that the trace has a controlled impedance. An array of slots progressing in a direction parallel to the trace preferably includes repeating subarrays displaced by a repeat distance in a direction parallel to the trace that is less than a characteristic wavelength of a signal propagated on the trace, coupling distributively with the trace. The slots may be polygonal, arcuate, or a combination of both in shape. The printed circuit board may include a second trace coupled to the first. Further, the printed circuit board may include a second ground plane that includes slots that couple to the trace.

Abstract: An efficient solution to transform an output from a single ended source to a pair of differential signals that are provided to a differential receiver. The differential receiver is any number of devices including a differential clock receiver. The differential signals may be referenced to voltages used to receiver power supply voltages. The present invention obviates the need for an additional differential driver and its required additional devices that are needed to perform transformation of a single ended signal to a pair of differential signals. In one embodiment, two independent power and ground planes are communicatively coupled via a transmission line, or transmission line-like traces on a printed circuit board, and are used to provide uniform impedance control for all return paths within a system.

Abstract: Single to differential interfacing. The present invention provides for an efficient solution to transform an output from a single ended source to a pair of differential signals that are provided to a differential receiver. The differential receiver is any number of devices including a differential clock receiver. The differential signals may be referenced to voltages used to receiver power supply voltages. The present invention obviates the need for an additional differential driver and its required additional devices that are need to perform transformation of a single ended signal to a pair of differential signals. There can be significant cost savings in using the single to differential interfacing that is performed in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract: Single to differential interfacing. The present invention provides for an efficient solution to transform an output from a single ended source to a pair of differential signals that are provided to a differential receiver. The differential receiver is any number of devices including a differential clock receiver. The differential signals may be referenced to voltages used to receiver power supply voltages. The present invention obviates the need for an additional differential driver and its required additional devices that are need to perform transformation of a single ended signal to a pair of differential signals. There can be significant cost savings in using the single to differential interfacing that is performed in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract: A circuit in a printed circuit board includes a trace and a ground plane coupled to the trace that includes slots in the vicinity of the trace. The slots are dimensioned and arrayed such that the trace has a controlled impedance. An array of slots progressing in a direction parallel to the trace preferably includes repeating subarrays displaced by a repeat distance in a direction parallel to the trace that is less than a characteristic wavelength of a signal propagated on the trace, coupling distributively with the trace. The slots may be polygonal, arcuate, or a combination of both in shape. The printed circuit board may include a second trace coupled to the first. Further, the printed circuit board may include a second ground plane that includes slots that couple to the trace.