Abstract: A method of duplicating servers and a duplicated server system that make seamless transition of service in case of server failures possible. The duplicated server system comprises first and second servers that are connected to a network and have the same network address, communication means for making high-speed communication between both servers possible, and switchover controller that designates the first server as the primary server put in operation for other computers and the second server as the secondary server in normal condition. When the first server receives a service request addressed to the system, it passes the service request to the application for processing. The first server sends the recovery data output by the application to the second server by means of the communication means.

Abstract: A communication system includes a plurality of boundary scan elements including input and output terminals and a plurality of boundary cells individually assigned to the respective input terminals and output terminals, a plurality of data output units connected parallel to the boundary scan elements, and a communication controller connected to the boundary scan elements in series. The communication controller transmits and receives through the boundary scan elements control data for individually controlling the data output units. A signal data communication line is connected with the data output units in parallel, and a signal processing unit is connected with the signal data communication line and the communication controller for transmitting output data from the data output units under a control of the communication controller.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus, a method, and a system for virus detection which can find even an unknown virus easily with no OS dependency. To achieve the foregoing object, the present invention provides a virus detection apparatus including an inspection computer to be connected to a mail server. The inspection computer includes file opening means for opening an attachment of e-mail transferred from said mail server, an I/O port for establishing interface connection with a PC, the PC being connected to the inspection computer to send and receive e-mail to/from the mail server through the inspection computer, virus inspecting means for detecting data of the attachment opened by said file opening means for access to said I/O port to inspect virus invasion, and warning means for outputting a warning signal from the virus inspecting means when access to the I/O port is detected.

Abstract: A communication element having a plurality of input-side boundary cells and output-side boundary cells, and a TAP circuit for controlling the input and output of data to/from said input-side and output-side boundary cells, in which the input-side boundary cells are connected in parallel to said corresponding output-side boundary cells through the TAP circuit, and a communication apparatus having a plurality of the communication elements, terminal equipments separately connected to each of said communication elements, for inputting and outputting the data to/from said communication elements through said data input and output lines; and a host computer, in which the communication elements are connected in series to the host computer.

Abstract: The monitoring control apparatus according to the present invention performs a test on each integrated circuit that supports the boundary scan test method loaded on CPU board 4 and control board 5, and on the connection relationships of these integrated circuits, by a boundary scan controller board 7 like that shown, for example, in FIG. 1. If an abnormality is detected in CPU board 4 or control board 5, an alarm apparatus 9 is activated which emits an alarm. Moreover, if the type of abnormality is such that there is the risk of it having a significant effect on the operation of a robot 3, which is the target of this monitoring and control, from the viewpoint of safety, main power supply apparatus 6 of robot 3 is interrupted to prevent in advance robot 3 from running out of control.