Abstract: An ophthalmic photographing apparatus comprising a photographing optical system for obtaining a regional image of an examinee's eye, comprising a light source, a focusing optical element movable in an optical-axis direction by a driving mechanism, and a photodetector, and a control unit controlling driving of the mechanism and obtain the image based on a signal from the photodetector, wherein the control unit further moves the optical element in predetermined steps/continuously to obtain the image at each position, calculates frequency distribution of luminance of each of the images to detect a change characteristic of luminance values having frequencies equal or exceeding a threshold value in the frequency distribution with respect to the optical element position, and detects a focus position of the optical element based on the change characteristics to move the optical element to a position corresponding to the detected focus position.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image holder unit includes: first and second electrostatic latent image holders that have first and second functional layers, respectively, the first functional layer being different from the second functional layer in component ratio, and holds an electrostatic latent image on a surface thereof; a contact type charging unit that is in contact with the first electrostatic latent image holder to charge a surface of the first electrostatic latent image holders at a predetermined electric potential level; a non-contact type charging unit that are spaced from the second electrostatic latent image holder, and charge a surface of the second electrostatic latent image holder at a predetermined electric potential level; an exposure unit that exposes the first and second electrostatic latent image holders to form an electrostatic latent image; and a development unit that develops the first and second electrostatic latent image with toner to form a toner image.

Abstract: An image forming device is disclosed which has: an image holding member which rotates; a charging roller press-contacting and being rotated by the image holding member, and charging the image holding member; and a cleaning roller press-contacting and being rotated by the charging roller, and cleaning the charging roller. The cleaning roller has a core whose both end portions are rotatably supported, and a cleaning member which is formed from a roller-shaped porous elastic body and is provided at a peripheral surface of the core. Axial direction end portion sides of the cleaning member are formed to be thicker than an axial direction central portion of the cleaning member.

Abstract: A virtual computer system executes a virtual computer control program on a physical computer and thereby causes guest programs on the logical partitions, respectively. The virtual computer control program includes an error recovery module to periodically recover from an error in a cache memory, an error interruption handler module responsive to an interruption notice caused by an error which has occurred in the cache memory, to recover from an error in the cache memory, and an error data initialization module to recover from an error in the cache memory with shutdown or restart of one of the logical partitions as a momentum. And the virtual computer control program conducts recovery processing from an error in the cache memory.

Abstract: An ophthalmic photographing apparatus comprising a photographing optical system for obtaining a regional image of an examinee's eye, comprising a light source, a focusing optical element movable in an optical-axis direction by a driving mechanism, and a photodetector, and a control unit controlling driving of the mechanism and obtain the image based on a signal from the photodetector, wherein the control unit further moves the optical element in predetermined steps/continuously to obtain the image at each position, calculates frequency distribution of luminance of each of the images to detect a change characteristic of luminance values having frequencies equal or exceeding a threshold value in the frequency distribution with respect to the optical element position, and detects a focus position of the optical element based on the change characteristics to move the optical element to a position corresponding to the detected focus position.

Abstract: Providing a pair of binoculars that is able to prevent diopter from being changed after adjusting diopter difference by pushing down the focus knob after adjusting diopter difference so as not to touch the operating knob, and able to prevent the focus position from being changed after adjusting focus position by pulling out the focus knob to create a focus lock state after adjusting focus position.

Abstract: A pair of binoculars is provided with a second bridge portion on which a portion for fitting an adapter for attaching a tripod is provided near to the center of gravity of the binoculars with a given space in the optical axis direction from a first bridge portion that is provided to the objective lens side, thereby capable of preventing a shake upon attaching a tripod through the adapter.

Abstract: A multi-plane cell switch fabric system prevents a decrease of the effective switching capacity when switching the variable-length packets. Distribution units classify input variable-length packets for each address, arranges the packets by a first division length unit, divides the packets into fixed-length cell payloads by a second division length unit that is an integer multiple being twice or more as large as the first division length unit, and forms a fixed-length cell by providing destination information, a source ID, a sequential number, and packet head tail information to each of the cell payloads. The cells are distributed to all the switching units one by one whenever the cells are collected to be the same number as the plural switching units. The reordering units classify the cells, reorder the sequential number in an original order, and reassemble the packets by the packet head tail information of the cell.

Abstract: A network switch with a plurality of crossbar switches that is available to suppress increase in the circuit scale is provided. The network switch has: the plurality of crossbar switches that transfer unit data in a specified format; a receiving side transfer unit that transfers data received from a network to the plurality of crossbar switches in the unit data basis; and a plurality of transmitting side transfer units that transmit data transferred from the plurality of crossbar switches to the network. The receiving side transfer sets a consecutive serial number to the unit data in transfer sequence, and distributes the unit data to the plurality of crossbar switches. Each of the plurality of transmitting side transfer units has a plurality of queues for the respective crossbar switches that stores the transferred unit data, and extracts the unit data with smallest serial number of the unit data stored in the queues when all of the queues store the unit data.

Abstract: Cells which arrive in random sequence from the asynchronously operating exchange parts are restored into the original by a small amount of hardware. Distributing parts as inputs of a switch fabric manage serial numbers continuous for each destination. The distributing part divides an inputted variable length packet into fixed length cells, adds serial numbers corresponding to destinations to the cells, and outputs the cells to the exchange parts. The respective exchange parts deliver the cells to the objected destinations. Alignment parts as outputs of the switch fabric classify the reception cells by the number of the distributing part, and compare an expected serial number managed by the alignment part with a serial number of the destination (alignment part) of the reception cell. An identical one is stored in an aligned FIFO queue, and cells of from a packet start cell to a packet end cell are taken out.

Abstract: A cleaning device includes a cleaning blade that contacts an image carrier and cleans residual toner remaining on the image carrier; a toner pool forming member that is disposed on an upstream side of the cleaning blade in a rotational direction of the image carrier, collects the residual toner that has been cleaned, and forms a toner pool that contacts the cleaning blade and the image carrier; and a toner amount adjusting component that makes the pressure of the residual toner that acts on the image carrier substantially uniform across an axis-of-rotation direction of the image carrier by adjusting the amount of the residual toner in the toner pool in the axis-of-rotation direction of the image carrier.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a member to be cleaned, and a cleaning member, formed by foam material having plural foam cells, that cleans the member to be cleaned by contacting the member to be cleaned and rubbing against the member to be cleaned. In any one of the plural foam cells in a surface of the cleaning member, a maximum length A in a rubbing direction and a maximum length B in a direction orthogonal to the rubbing direction satisfy the relationship of A<B.

Abstract: An information provision apparatus of the present invention includes a stop detector to detect a stop of a vehicle; a display unit to display various information; and a control unit to control the display unit to display a plurality of display contents in a manner that two successive contents of information differ with each other while the vehicle is standing at the temporal stop. When the vehicle is caught in a traffic congestion to stop temporarily, the driver of the vehicle is entertained by plural contents of the information appearing on the display unit for his/her diversion.

Abstract: To improve the maintainability of a virtual machine system, there is provided a mechanism capable of appropriately reporting a failure that occurs in a dedicated PCI device, in a shared PCI device, or in a virtual PCI device. A device for transferring PCI device configuration information between a failure monitoring application and a hypervisor that monitors a PCI device failure is prepared, and the failure monitoring application is operated in a user virtual machine and in a control virtual machine. Based on the above-described PCI device configuration information, the failure monitoring application operating in the user virtual machine monitors a dedicated PCI device failure and a virtual PCI device failure, and the failure monitoring application operating in the control virtual machine monitors a shared PCI device failure, respectively, thereby appropriately reporting a failure of the dedicated PCI device, the shared PCI device, or the virtual PCI device without duplication.

Abstract: An electrostatic latent image holder unit includes: first and second electrostatic latent image holders that have first and second functional layers, respectively, the first functional layer being different from the second functional layer in component ratio, and holds an electrostatic latent image on a surface thereof; a contact type charging unit that is in contact with the first electrostatic latent image holder to charge a surface of the first electrostatic latent image holders at a predetermined electric potential level; a non-contact type charging unit that are spaced from the second electrostatic latent image holder, and charge a surface of the second electrostatic latent image holder at a predetermined electric potential level; an exposure unit that exposes the first and second electrostatic latent image holders to form an electrostatic latent image; and a development unit that develops the first and second electrostatic latent image with toner to form a toner image.

Abstract: A charge roll comprises a roll member that contacts an image carrier and rotates, the roll member comprising a conductive material that charges the surface of the image carrier, and the roll member having particles on the outer circumferential surface of the roll member to have a surface roughness within a predetermined range.

Abstract: A roll includes a shaft, and a foamed material coating the shaft that includes a first section that extends from the shaft to a surface of the foamed material and has electrical resistance, a value of which is within a first range, and a second section that extends from the shaft to the surface of the foamed material and has electrical resistance, a value of which is within a second range different from the first range.

Abstract: An image forming device is disclosed which has: an image holding member which rotates; a charging roller press-contacting and being rotated by the image holding member, and charging the image holding member; and a cleaning roller press-contacting and being rotated by the charging roller, and cleaning the charging roller. The cleaning roller has a core whose both end portions are rotatably supported, and a cleaning member which is formed from a roller-shaped porous elastic body and is provided at a peripheral surface of the core. Axial direction end portion sides of the cleaning member are formed to be thicker than an axial direction central portion of the cleaning member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has an image forming carrier, an image forming portion that forms an image on the image forming carrier, an intermediate transfer medium to which the image on the image forming carrier is primarily transferred, and a transfer portion that secondarily transfers to a recording medium the image primarily transferred to the intermediate transfer medium. An area where the image forming carrier and the intermediate transfer medium are opposed includes a primary transfer area where the image on the image forming carrier is transferred to the intermediate transfer medium and a secondary transfer area where the image on the intermediate transfer medium is transferred to the recording medium.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a member to be cleaned, and a cleaning member, formed by foam material having plural foam cells, that cleans the member to be cleaned by contacting the member to be cleaned and rubbing against the member to be cleaned. In any one of the plural foam cells in a surface of the cleaning member, a maximum length A in a rubbing direction and a maximum length B in a direction orthogonal to the rubbing direction satisfy the relationship of A<B.