Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a substrate having a supply port that is a through-hole for supplying liquid; an energy generating element for generating energy to be used for ejecting the liquid; a first film that covers the energy generating element; a second film formed on the first film; and a flow path forming member bonded to the substrate, for forming a flow path for supplying the liquid supplied from the supply port to an ejection orifice. When viewed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate, an end portion of the first film extends inwardly from an opening edge of the supply port, and an end portion of the second film is located between the opening edge of the supply port and the end portion of the first film.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes: a substrate which has an energy-generating element that generates energy to be utilized for ejecting a liquid, and a supply orifice for supplying the liquid to the energy-generating element; and an ejection orifice forming member that has a plurality of ejection orifices through which the liquid is ejected, and at least one beam-like projection which projects toward the substrate and extends along an array direction of the ejection orifices at a position corresponding to the supply orifice; wherein a sectional area perpendicular to the array direction of the ejection orifices in the central part of the beam-like projection in the array direction of the ejection orifices is larger than a sectional area in the direction perpendicular to the array direction of the ejection orifices in both ends of the beam-like projection in the array direction.

Abstract: An ink jet recording head includes a substrate having a plurality of discharge energy generation elements and having an ink supply port, a protective film provided on the substrate and configured to protect wiring connected to the discharge energy generation elements, and an ink discharge port forming member, wherein the protective film has a protruding portion, wherein the ink discharge port forming member has a beam-like protrusion, wherein the beam-like protrusion has a reinforcing rib, and wherein a separation film containing gold is formed at a portion where the protruding portion and the reinforcing rib are held in close contact with each other.

Abstract: A method of managing information used for maintenance and inspection of an apparatus includes collecting an apparatus operation history information with respect to an operation condition of the apparatus; updating the apparatus operation history information each time a maintenance and inspection service is implemented, and storing the updated information as a maintenance and inspection unitary cumulative history information until a next maintenance and inspection service; and analyzing the maintenance and inspection unitary cumulative history information by comparing the maintenance and inspection unitary cumulative history information before the maintenance and inspection service and the maintenance and inspection unitary cumulative history information after the maintenance and inspection service.

Abstract: A process for producing a semiconductor chip having a substrate and a bump formed on the substrate including (1) forming, on a substrate, a conductor gold for plating to be a base of plating growth; (2) forming a mask for plating on the conductor gold for plating; (3) performing plating using the mask for plating to form the bump and a dummy pattern; (4) removing the mask for plating; (5) etching the conductor gold for plating; and (6) applying a shock to at least the dummy pattern. The amount of side etching of the conductor gold for plating is grasped from a state of separation of the dummy pattern due to the shock in the step (6).

Abstract: A parallel operation control method for different type power generation apparatuses to shift the power generation apparatuses having respective different drooping characteristics, in which the drooping characteristic is defined as a characteristic of decrease of a rated frequency along with an increase of a load, from independent operation of the power generation apparatuses under suitable drooping characteristics to parallel operation thereof to drive a common drive target, includes determining a load of one of the power generation apparatuses by subtracting a load of the other of the power generation apparatuses from a predetermined required load; changing a drooping characteristic of the one of the power generation apparatuses so as to coincide with a drooping characteristic of the other of the power generation apparatuses; and controlling the one of the power generation apparatuses so as to maintain frequency at the time of changing the drooping characteristic.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a liquid ejection head including an ejection orifice member having a plurality of ejection orifices for ejecting liquid provided along an arrangement direction, the process including preparing a substrate provided with a resin layer which contains a photocurable resin; carrying out a first exposure treatment and a second exposure treatment which are each of an exposure treatment of subjecting the resin layer to exposure; and forming the ejection orifices of the resin layer subjected to the first exposure treatment and the second exposure treatment. An inclination angle of a side wall of the ejection orifices formed by the first exposure treatment with respect to the substrate differs from an inclination angle of a side wall of the ejection orifices formed by the second exposure treatment with respect to the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid ejection head, including: a substrate including: a supply port that is a through hole for supplying liquid; an energy generating element for generating energy to be used for ejecting the liquid; a first film that covers the energy generating element; and a second film formed on the first film; and a flow path forming member bonded to the substrate, for forming a flow path for supplying the liquid supplied from the supply port to an ejection orifice, in which when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate, an end portion of the first film extends inwardly from an opening edge of the supply port, and an end portion of the second film is located between the opening edge of the supply port and the end portion of the first film.

Abstract: An ink jet recording head capable of maintaining ink supply capability for a long period of time includes a substrate provided with a plurality of energy generating elements and an ink supply port, and a flow path member which has a plurality of discharge ports, a plurality of ink flow paths in communication with the plurality of discharge ports, and a common liquid chamber in communication with the plurality of ink flow paths. The common liquid chamber is divided into a discharge port area and a drainage port area, and the ink flows into the discharge port area through a filter. In the case where a smallest diameter among the diameters of the discharge ports and the diameters of the ink flow paths is denoted by A and a largest diameter of openings of the filter is denoted by B, A?B is satisfied.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a flow path forming member having an ejection orifice for ejecting liquid therefrom and a liquid flow path communicated with the ejection orifice, a silicon substrate including a supply port for supplying the liquid to the liquid flow path, and a protective film which is formed on a wall surface of the supply port and which is formed of an organic resin which is of the same material as that of a member forming the flow path forming member.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a member having ejection ports and dummy ejection ports. The ejection ports are provided in correspondence with energy-generating elements used in ejecting liquid. The dummy ejection ports are provided in correspondence with a light-receiving element outputting current whose level changes in accordance with the intensity of light applied thereto. By detecting the level of current that is output from the light-receiving element, the shapes of the ejection ports are estimated.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a substrate having an energy-generating device configured to generate energy used for ejecting a liquid from an orifice; a transparent channel wall member forming an inner wall of a channel leading to the orifice; and an intermediate layer disposed between and in contact with a surface of the substrate and the channel wall member and having a refractive index different from a refractive index of the channel wall member. The intermediate layer has a first outer end surface forming contours of a symbol as viewed in a direction from the orifice toward the substrate and making a first angle with the surface of the substrate and a second outer end surface facing the channel and making a second angle with the surface of the substrate. The first angle is an obtuse angle. The second angle is smaller than the first angle.

Abstract: When an insulating layer is provided in order to protect an energy generating element, there arises a possibility that the layer dissolves in a contacting liquid. Therefore, in order to eject liquid, a first protection layer containing metal is provided on the insulating layer facing a substrate for a liquid-ejection head and a second protection layer containing metal is provided on the surface of a liquid supply port to which a base containing silicon is exposed.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a liquid-ejection head substrate including a silicon substrate having a supply port for supplying liquid is provided. The method includes: forming an etching mask layer on a surface of the silicon substrate, the etching mask layer having an opening in a portion corresponding to the supply port; forming a first recess in the surface of the silicon substrate by anisotropically etching the silicon substrate through the opening in the etching mask layer; forming a second recess that extends toward the other surface of the silicon substrate, in a surface of the first recess in the silicon substrate; and forming the supply port by anisotropically etching the silicon substrate from the surface provided with the second recess.

Abstract: Provided is a process for producing a liquid ejection head including an ejection orifice member having a plurality of ejection orifices for ejecting liquid provided along an arrangement direction, the process including preparing a substrate provided with a resin layer which contains a photocurable resin;carrying out a first exposure treatment and a second exposure treatment which are each of an exposure treatment of subjecting the resin layer to exposure; and forming the ejection orifices of the resin layer subjected to the first exposure treatment and the second exposure treatment. An inclination angle of a side wall of the ejection orifices formed by the first exposure treatment with respect to the substrate differs from an inclination angle of a side wall of the ejection orifices formed by the second exposure treatment with respect to the substrate.

Abstract: An ink jet recording head capable of maintaining ink supply capability for a long period of time, including a substrate provided with a plurality of energy generating elements and an ink supply port, and a flow path member which has a plurality of discharge ports, a plurality of ink flow paths in communication with the plurality of discharge ports, and a common liquid chamber in communication with the plurality of ink flow paths, in which the common liquid chamber is divided into a discharge port area and a drainage port area, the ink flows into the discharge port area through a filter, and in the case where a smallest diameter among the diameters of the discharge ports and the diameters of the ink flow paths is denoted by A and a largest diameter of openings of the filter is denoted by B, A?B is satisfied.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head including a flow path forming member which forms an ejection orifice which is opened on a front surface and which ejects a liquid, and a liquid flow path which continues to the ejection orifice; and a substrate including a liquid chamber which is opened on a back surface on an opposite side of the front surface and which includes a first slope which becomes narrower from a back surface side toward a front surface side, a liquid pathway which is opened in the first slope and connects the liquid flow path and the liquid chamber, and a first hollow portion which is provided in a bottom portion of the liquid chamber.

Abstract: Provided is a process of producing a liquid discharge head having a substrate, a passage-forming member, and a patterned layer. The process includes providing a resin layer on a substrate; providing a resist pattern on the resin layer for patterning the resin layer; forming a patterned layer by patterning the resin layer using the resist pattern as a mask; providing a layer for forming a passage pattern having a shape of passage on the resist pattern lying on the patterned layer; forming a passage pattern by patterning the layer for forming a passage pattern; removing the resist pattern; providing a passage-forming member so as to cover the passage pattern and the patterned layer; and removing the passage pattern to give the passage.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a member having ejection ports and dummy ejection ports. The ejection ports are provided in correspondence with energy-generating elements used in ejecting liquid. The dummy ejection ports are provided in correspondence with a light-receiving element outputting current whose level changes in accordance with the intensity of light applied thereto. By detecting the level of current that is output from the light-receiving element, the shapes of the ejection ports are estimated.

Abstract: A liquid ejection head includes a substrate having an energy-generating device configured to generate energy used for ejecting a liquid from an orifice; a transparent channel wall member forming an inner wall of a channel leading to the orifice; and an intermediate layer disposed between and in contact with a surface of the substrate and the channel wall member and having a refractive index different from a refractive index of the channel wall member. The intermediate layer has a first outer end surface forming contours of a symbol as viewed in a direction from the orifice toward the substrate and making a first angle with the surface of the substrate and a second outer end surface facing the channel and making a second angle with the surface of the substrate. The first angle is an obtuse angle. The second angle is smaller than the first angle.