Abstract: The present invention is usable in oxygen electrodes and air electrodes for air cells, fuel cells, electrochemical sensors and like electrochemical devices. The present invention provides a very stable oxygen-reducing electrode that can achieve electrochemical reduction of oxygen at a noble potential.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a manganese oxide nanoparticle dispersed material having steps of dissolving manganese nitrate in a polyamide acid solution (Step 1); forming a coating on the surface of the substrate using the polyamide acid solution containing manganese nitrate dissolved therein (Step 2); and carbonizing the polyamide acid and depositing manganese oxide nanoparticles by subjecting the coating to a heat treatment at a temperature not less than 600° C. but not more than 1200° C. (Step 3).

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an oxygen reduction electrode which provides four-electron reduction reaction with high selectivity in the reaction of reducing oxygen. The present invention involves a method of manufacturing an electrode for reducing oxygen used for four-electron reduction of oxygen, having (1) a first step wherein a charcoal-based material is obtained by carbonization of a starting material comprising a nitrogen-containing synthetic polymer, and (2) a second step wherein the electrode for reducing oxygen is manufactured using an electrode material comprising the charcoal-based material.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a high thermal conductive element that has improved thermal conductivity in the layer direction while retaining the high thermal conductivity characteristics in the planar direction possessed by graphite. The present invention is a high thermal conductive element in which carbon particles are dispersed in a graphite-based matrix, wherein (1) the c axis of the graphene layers constituting the graphite are substantially parallel, (2) the thermal conductivity ?? in a direction perpendicular to the c axis is at least 400 W/m·k and no more than 1000 W/m·k, and (3) the thermal conductivity ?? in a direction parallel to the c axis is at least 10 W/m·k and no more than 100 W/m·k.

Abstract: In a manufacturing method of a conductive composite particle, a conductive composite particle is manufactured that is formed of an active material particle having a region capable of electrochemically inserting and desorbing lithium and a carbon layer joined to the particle surface. In the carbon layer, fine metal particles are dispersed. This method has the following three steps. In the first step, a polymer material containing the metal element composing the fine metal particles is prepared. In the second step, the active material particle surface is coated with the polymer material containing the metal element. In the third step, a carbon layer having a porous structure including a fibrous structure is formed as the surface layer section from the polymer material by a treatment where the active material particle coated with the polymer containing the metal element is heated in an inert atmosphere to carbonize the polymer material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a manganese oxide nanoparticle dispersed material having steps of dissolving manganese nitrate in a polyamide acid solution (Step 1); forming a coating on the surface of the substrate using the polyamide acid solution containing manganese nitrate dissolved therein (Step 2); and carbonizing the polyamide acid and depositing manganese oxide nanoparticles by subjecting the coating to a heat treatment at a temperature not less than 600° C. but not more than 1200° C. (Step 3).

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a high thermal conductive element that has improved thermal conductivity in the layer direction while retaining the high thermal conductivity characteristics in the planar direction possessed by graphite. The present invention is a high thermal conductive element in which carbon particles are dispersed in a graphite-based matrix, wherein (1) the c axis of the graphene layers constituting the graphite are substantially parallel, (2) the thermal conductivity ?? in a direction perpendicular to the c axis is at least 400 W/m·k and no more than 1000 W/m·k, and (3) the thermal conductivity ?? in a direction parallel to the c axis is at least 10 W/m·k and no more than 100 W/m·k.

Abstract: The present invention is usable in oxygen electrodes and air electrodes for air cells, fuel cells, electrochemical sensors and like electrochemical devices. The present invention provides a very stable oxygen-reducing electrode that can achieve electrochemical reduction of oxygen at a noble potential. The oxygen-reducing electrode of the present invention contains a cobalt tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine derivative represented by the following Structural Formula (1) as a catalytic component.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a high thermal conductive element that has improved thermal conductivity in the layer direction while retaining the high thermal conductivity characteristics in the planar direction possessed by graphite. The present invention is a high thermal conductive element in which carbon particles are dispersed in a graphite-based matrix, wherein (1) the c axis of the graphene layers constituting the graphite are substantially parallel, (2) the thermal conductivity ?? in a direction perpendicular to the c axis is at least 400 W/m·k and no more than 1000 W/m·k, and (3) the thermal conductivity ?? in a direction parallel to the c axis is at least 10 W/m·k and no more than 100 W/m·k.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron emission material that is excellent in electron emission characteristics, a method of manufacturing the same, as well as an electron emission element. The method is a method of manufacturing an electron emission material including a carbon material obtained by baking a polymer film. In the method, a polyamic acid solution is prepared in which at least one metallic compound selected from a metal oxide and a metal carbonate is dispersed; the polyamic acid solution thus prepared is formed into a film and then is imidized to form a polyimide film including the metallic compound; and then the polyimide film thus formed is baked to form the carbon material. The electron emission material is formed so that it includes a carbon material, a protrusion having a concavity in its surface is formed at the surface of the carbon material, and the protrusion includes a metallic element.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron emission material that is excellent in electron emission characteristics, a method of manufacturing the same, as well as an electron emission element. The method is a method of manufacturing an electron emission material including a carbon material obtained by baking a polymer film. In the method, a polyamic acid solution is prepared in which at least one metallic compound selected from a metal oxide and a metal carbonate is dispersed; the polyamic acid solution thus prepared is formed into a film and then is imidized to form a polyimide film including the metallic compound; and then the polyimide film thus formed is baked to form the carbon material. The electron emission material is formed so that it includes a carbon material, a protrusion having a concavity in its surface is formed at the surface of the carbon material, and the protrusion includes a metallic element.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a high thermal conductive element that has improved thermal conductivity in the layer direction while retaining the high thermal conductivity characteristics in the planar direction possessed by graphite. The present invention is a high thermal conductive element in which carbon particles are dispersed in a graphite-based matrix, wherein (1) the c axis of the graphene layers constituting the graphite are substantially parallel, (2) the thermal conductivity ?? in a direction perpendicular to the c axis is at least 400 W/m·k and no more than 1000 W/m·k, and (3) the thermal conductivity ?? in a direction parallel to the c axis is at least 10 W/m·k and no more than 100 W/m·k.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an oxygen reduction electrode which provides four-electron reduction reaction with high selectivity in the reaction of reducing oxygen. The present invention involves a method of manufacturing an electrode for reducing oxygen used for four-electron reduction of oxygen, having (1) a first step wherein a charcoal-based material is obtained by carbonization of a starting material comprising a nitrogen-containing synthetic polymer, and (2) a second step wherein the electrode for reducing oxygen is manufactured using an electrode material comprising the charcoal-based material.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus which is capable of enhancing productivity in manufacturing product substrates. In process chambers 106 and 107 of an etching apparatus 100, etching is carried out on a substrate as an object to be processed, and dummy processing is carried out on at least one non-product substrate before execution of the etching. A host computer 200 determines whether or not the dummy processing is to be executed. The host computer 200 determines whether or not the interior of each of the process chambers 106 and 107 is in a stable state, and omits the execution of the dummy processing when it is determined that it is in the stable state.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electron emission material that is excellent in electron emission characteristics, a method of manufacturing the same, as well as an electron emission element. The method is a method of manufacturing an electron emission material including a carbon material obtained by baking a polymer film. In the method, a polyamic acid solution is prepared in which at least one metallic compound selected from a metal oxide and a metal carbonate is dispersed; the polyamic acid solution thus prepared is formed into a film and then is imidized to form a polyimide film including the metallic compound; and then the polyimide film thus formed is baked to form the carbon material. The electron emission material is formed so that it includes a carbon material, a protrusion having a concavity in its surface is formed at the surface of the carbon material, and the protrusion includes a metallic element.

Abstract: A compound of the formula (1): wherein R11 represents an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, or a nitro group; n11 is an integer of 0 to 4; R21 and R31 are a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aromatic group, or a heteroaromatic group; or R21 and R31 together form a condensed ring consisting of aromatic rings or heteroaromatic rings; and Ar is selected from the groups consisting of groups represented by the following formulae: and a methylstyryl compound for producing the same, the production methods thereof and an organic electroluminescent element having the compound.

Abstract: A ring mechanism, comprising a focus ring and divided cover rings surrounding a wafer W placed on a loading table (lower electrode) mounted in a processing chamber, wherein a ring-shaped clearance ?1 is provided between the divided rings to spread plasma to the radial outside of the focus ring to allow plasma to get therein, whereby a potential difference between the wafer W and the focus ring can be eliminated to prevent arc discharge by plasma from occurring between the wafer W and the focus ring.

Abstract: A novel aromatic methylidene compound of formula (1): 1

Abstract: A compound of the formula (1): 1

Abstract: Aromatic methylidene compounds of the following general formula wherein R11 and R21 independently in each occurrence represent an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl or alkoxy group, a halogen, a cyano group or a nitro group, n11 and n21 are, respectively, an integer, R31 and R41 independently represent hydrogen, an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted cycloalkyl group, an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic group, or an unsubstituted or substituted aromatic heterocyclic group and may join to complete a condensed ring, along with other types of aromatic methylidene compounds wherein the moieties attached to the naphthalene ring are attached to different positions of the ring. The preparation of the methylidene compounds is also described along with intermediate compounds and their preparation.