Abstract: An embodiment includes a method for detecting a potential floating-point error in an addition or a subtraction instruction included in an operation. The method may include identifying a first operand and a second operand. The first operand and the second operand may be configured to be manipulated during execution of the instruction. The method may include copying a first exponent of the first operand to a first comparison register. The method may also include copying a second exponent of the second operand to a second comparison register. The method may further include comparing the first exponent in the first comparison register to the second exponent in the second comparison register. Based on the comparison, a determination may be made whether the instruction includes a potential floating-point error when executing the instruction using the first operand and the second operand formatted according to a first precision.

Abstract: To provide a receiving device and a receiving method which achieve iterative decoding regarding concatenated codes containing a convolutional code while suppressing increase in circuit scale, a decoder and an error correcting part iteratively perform decoding and error correction corresponding to a convolutional code on soft-decision inputs corresponding to the received signal sequence. Depending on whether a decoding result matches error corrected decoded data obtained in previous processing or not, penalties are calculated corresponding to branches transiting with the respective decoded results, and a branch metric is calculated by reflecting the calculated penalties as to decrease likelihood ratio of each of the branches to which the penalties are to be added. The obtained branch metric is input to a decoder, thereby reflecting the penalty corresponding to the decoding result.

Abstract: A processor accesses memory storing a compressed instruction sequence that includes compression information indicating that an instruction that with respect to the preceding instruction, has identical operation code and operand continuity is compressed.

Abstract: A reception device includes: a channel estimation circuit to receive a first signal scrambled by one of N scrambling codes and transmitted through M carriers having different frequencies, and calculate N channel estimation values corresponding to N types of first specified signals based on the first signal, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, where M is an integer greater than or equal to 2; a channel equalization circuit to channel-equalize a second signal, which is transmitted using the one of N scrambling codes and the M carriers, based on the N channel estimation values; and a scrambling code decoding circuit to evaluate (N*M) equalized second signals based on N types of second specified signals and decode a scrambling code of the second signal from among the N scrambling codes.

Abstract: To provide a receiving device and a receiving method which achieve iterative decoding regarding concatenated codes containing a convolutional code while suppressing increase in circuit scale, a decoder and an error correcting part iteratively perform decoding and error correction corresponding to a convolutional code on soft-decision inputs corresponding to the received signal sequence. Depending on whether a decoding result matches error corrected decoded data obtained in previous processing or not, penalties are calculated corresponding to branches transiting with the respective decoded results, and a branch metric is calculated by reflecting the calculated penalties as to decrease likelihood ratio of each of the branches to which the penalties are to be added. The obtained branch metric is input to a decoder, thereby reflecting the penalty corresponding to the decoding result.

Abstract: Lubricants are taught that can quickly and easily form a lubricating layer on a metal surface of a metal before plastic processing. Such lubricants preferably include a primary lubricating agent or component having a bridge complex that satisfies the following conditions: (1) the complex contains at least two central metal atoms; (2) at least one first multidentate ligand forms a bridge between two central metal atoms; and (3) at least one second multidentate ligand is bound to at least one central metal atom and has at least one coordinating atom that can coordinate with metal atoms, but which is not coordinated with any of the central metal atoms or is only partially coordinated with at least one of those central metal atoms. A third multidentate ligand is preferably also bound to one of the central metal atoms and may preferably include at least two sulfur atoms that are coordinated to the central metal atom.

Abstract: An aqueous lubricant is provided which by simple application onto metal surfaces forms lubricating films required for heavy working of metals, and which contains no oil. The aqueous lubricant is prepared by suspending or dispersing a metal chelate compound in water with a surfactant or the like. The metal chelate compound has a polydentate or multidentate chelate ligand, in which at least one of the coordinating atoms is sulfur, coordinated to the coordination site of at least one metal species selected from among zinc, manganese, iron, molybdenum, tin and antimony. When applied onto metal surfaces, the aqueous lubricant forms effective lubricating films on the metal surfaces. The lubricating films contain sulfur as coordinating atoms and therefore, extreme pressure produces sulfur radicals through decomposition by tribo-chemical reactions. The sulfur radicals are highly reactive and react rapidly with the metal surface to produce metal sulfides with a lubricating effect.

Abstract: Lubricants are taught that can quickly and easily form a lubricating layer on a metal surface of a metal before plastic processing. Such lubricants preferably include a primary lubricating agent or component having a bridge complex that satisfies the following conditions: (1) the complex contains at least two central metal atoms; (2) at least one first multidentate ligand forms a bridge between two central metal atoms; and (3) at least one second multidentate ligand is bound to at least one central metal atom and has at least one coordinating atom that can coordinate with metal atoms, but which is not coordinated with any of the central metal atoms or is only partially coordinated with at least one of those central metal atoms. A third multidentate ligand is preferably also bound to one of the central metal atoms and may preferably include at least two sulfur atoms that are coordinated to the central metal atom.

Abstract: An aqueous lubricant is provided which by simple application onto metal surfaces forms lubricating films required for heavy working of metals, and which contains no oil. The aqueous lubricant is prepared by suspending or dispersing a metal chelate compound in water with a surfactant or the like. The metal chelate compound has a polydentate or multidentate chelate ligand, in which at least one of the coordinating atoms is sulfur, coordinated to the coordination site of at least one metal species selected from among zinc, manganese, iron, molybdenum, tin and antimony. When applied onto metal surfaces, the aqueous lubricant forms effective lubricating films on the metal surfaces. The lubricating films contain sulfur as coordinating atoms and therefore, extreme pressure produces sulfur radicals through decomposition by tribo-chemical reactions. The sulfur radicals are highly reactive and react rapidly with the metal surface to produce metal sulfides with a lubricating effect.

Abstract: An apparatus for removing metal contained in a solution through chelation which includes a means for adding a surface active agent containing a hydrophobic group, a hydrophilic group and a chelating group to a metal containing solution held within a metal solution accommodating means. An electric field applying means is adapted to apply an electric field to the solution containing means and further means is provided for separating an aggregate from the metal contained solution.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a technique of removing metal contained in a solution through chelation, which makes it possible to preclude undesired aggregation and permit effective aggregation through an aggregating process. A surface active agent containing a hydrophobic group, a hydrophilic group and a chelating group is added to the solution to be processed, and subsequently an aggregating process is carried out. The chelating group chelates metal, the hydrophilic group prevents undesired aggregation, and the hydrophobic group is effectively aggregated in the aggregating process. Various uses are possible by selecting the charge of ligand.