Abstract: A railcar includes: a carbody; a bogie constituting member including an interface plate provided at a lower portion of the carbody, an air spring, and a bogie; an automatic level controlling valve configured to maintain a height of the spring within a certain range; a first attaching portion provided on a side surface of the plate, the valve being detachably attached to the side surface of the plate by the first attaching portion; and attaching means provided at the lower portion of the carbody, the valve being detachably attached to the lower portion of the carbody by the attaching means, the bogie constituting member being separable from the carbody in a state where the valve is attached to the side surface of the plate through the first attaching portion or a state where the valve is attached to the lower portion of the carbody through the attaching means.

Abstract: A method of designing an electroluminescent device includes preparing a reference device including a construction of an electroluminescent device and a desired analyzed device including a construction of an electroluminescent device, performing quantum optical analysis, electromagnetic field analysis, and ray trace with thicknesses and complex relative permittivities of a first transparent member, a first electrode, a first functional layer, a second functional layer, an emissive layer, and a second electrode as well as a position of a light-emitting point in the emissive layer and a distribution of light-emitting points in the emissive layer being used as design variables, calculating a “ratio of light extraction efficiency” between the reference device and the analyzed device by computing efficiency of light extraction from the emissive layer into the transparent member or air in both of the reference device and the analyzed device, finding relation of the thickness and the complex relative permittivity of

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides a curved grating structure manufacturing method which comprises: a grating forming step of forming, in one surface of a grating-forming workpiece, a grating region in which a plurality of members mutually having the same shape are periodically provided; a stress layer forming step of forming a stress layer capable of generating stress, on a grating plane-defining surface of the grating region; a boding step of bonding a support substrate to the stress layer; a polishing step of polishing the other surface of the grating-forming workpiece on a side opposite to the one surface having the support substrate bonded thereto; and a peeling step of peeling off the support substrate from the stress layer, wherein the polishing step includes performing the polishing to allow the grating-forming workpiece to be curved by a stress arising from the stress layer, after the peeling step.

Abstract: An attaching metal fitting is used to attach an underfloor device to an underframe of a railcar including a beam member and includes: a first member located at a lower side of a projecting portion projecting in a horizontal direction at a lower end portion of the beam member and formed integrally with or separately from the beam member; and a second member located at an upper side of the projecting portion, wherein: the first member includes a first supporting portion overlapping the projecting portion from below to be fixed to the projecting portion; the second member includes a second supporting portion overlapping the projecting portion from above to be fixed to the projecting portion; and an upper surface of the second supporting portion supports the underfloor device with the projecting portion sandwiched between the first supporting portion and the second supporting portion.

Abstract: A method of designing an electroluminescent device allows more accurate computation of an external emission spectrum output to the outside in a current injection state and accurate estimate of a quantity and/or a color of light extracted to the outside, an electroluminescent device manufactured with the design method, and a method of manufacturing an electroluminescent device with the design method.

Abstract: A high-aspect ratio structure production method and an ultrasonic probe production method of the present invention include: forming, in a principal surface of a substrate, a plurality of pores each extending in a direction intersecting the principal surface; plugging, among the plurality of pores, one or more pores formed in a first region; and forming a recess in a second region by a wet etching process. A high-aspect ratio structure includes a grating having a plurality of convex portions, wherein each of the plurality of convex portions is provided with a plugging member plugging a plurality of pores formed therein in a thickness direction of the structure.

Abstract: According to a method for manufacturing a metal grating structure of the present invention, in filling a concave portion formed in a silicon substrate (30), for instance, a slit groove (SD) with metal by an electroforming method, an insulating layer (34) is formed in advance on an inner surface of the slit groove (SD) as an example of the concave portion by a thermal oxidation method. Accordingly, the metal grating structure manufacturing method is advantageous in finely forming metal parts of the grating structure. A metal grating structure of the present invention is manufactured by the above manufacturing method, and an X-ray imaging device of the present invention is incorporated with the metal grating structure.

Abstract: There are provided a shape data generation apparatus and shape data generation program capable of arranging, on one sheet-like medium, parts obtained by slicing one cutting shape. A shape data generation apparatus includes a slicing unit (11) configured to slice a cutting shape represented by supplied shape data into a plurality of parts in accordance with a closed shape prepared in advance, an arrangement unit (12) configured to arrange, of the cutting shape, a part protruding from the closed shape to fit in a free space within the closed shape, and a generation unit (13) configured to generate shape data representing a plurality of parts fitted in the closed shape.

Abstract: A method of designing an electroluminescent device allows more accurate computation of an external emission spectrum output to the outside in a current injection state and accurate estimate of a quantity and/or a color of light extracted to the outside, an electroluminescent device manufactured with the design method, and a method of manufacturing an electroluminescent device with the design method.

Abstract: A railcar includes: a carbody; a bogie constituting member including an interface plate provided at a lower portion of the carbody, an air spring, and a bogie; an automatic level controlling valve configured to maintain a height of the spring within a certain range; a first attaching portion provided on a side surface of the plate, the valve being detachably attached to the side surface of the plate by the first attaching portion; and attaching means provided at the lower portion of the carbody, the valve being detachably attached to the lower portion of the carbody by the attaching means, the bogie constituting member being separable from the carbody in a state where the valve is attached to the side surface of the plate through the first attaching portion or a state where the valve is attached to the lower portion of the carbody through the attaching means.

Abstract: An electroluminescent element includes a first transparent electrode, a second transparent electrode, a light emitting layer sandwiched between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, a first transparent member formed on a surface of the first transparent electrode opposite to the light emitting layer, and a second transparent member formed on a surface of the second transparent electrode opposite to the light emitting layer, wherein refractive indices of the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode are selected such that as seen from the light emitting layer, a reflectance of an interface between the light emitting layer and the first transparent electrode becomes higher than a reflectance of an interface between the light emitting layer and the second transparent electrode, and wherein a refractive index of the first transparent member is set to be higher than a refractive index of the second transparent member.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a high aspect ratio structure includes: a hole forming step of forming a plurality of holes in at least one principal surface of a substrate; a resist forming step of forming a first area with a resist layer and a second area without the resist layer on the principal surface provided with the plurality of holes after the hole forming step ends; and a concave portion forming step of immersing the substrate into an etching solution to form a concave portion in the substrate corresponding to the second area.

Abstract: A metal grating structure for X-ray includes a first silicon part having a plate form or a layer form, and a grating portion, wherein the grating portion includes a plurality of second silicon parts formed on the first silicon part, and a plurality of metal parts interposed between the respective adjacent second silicon parts, each of the plurality of metal parts having a deposition start tip part extending toward an inside of the first silicon part.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides a curved grating structure manufacturing method which comprises: a grating forming step of forming, in one surface of a grating-forming workpiece, a grating region in which a plurality of members mutually having the same shape are periodically provided; a stress layer forming step of forming a stress layer capable of generating stress, on a grating plane-defining surface of the grating region; a boding step of bonding a support substrate to the stress layer; a polishing step of polishing the other surface of the grating-forming workpiece on a side opposite to the one surface having the support substrate bonded thereto; and a peeling step of peeling off the support substrate from the stress layer, wherein the polishing step includes performing the polishing to allow the grating-forming workpiece to be curved by a stress arising from the stress layer, after the peeling step.

Abstract: An X-ray metal grating structure of the present invention has a grating region in which a plurality of first structural portions are periodically provided, wherein an air gap is formed between each of the plurality of first structural portions and a second structural portion as a remaining part of the grating region other than the plurality of first structural portions. Thus, the X-ray metal grating structure of the present invention is formed as a grating structure having high flatness. A production method therefor comprises a step of forming the air gap between the first structural portion and the second structural portion. Thus, the production method makes it possible to produce an X-ray metal grating structure having high flatness. The present invention further provides an X-ray metal grating unit and an X-ray imaging device each comprising the X-ray metal grating structure.

Abstract: An X-ray metal grating structure manufacturing method of the present invention includes: in a metal substrate having a patterned resist layer on a principal surface thereof, forming a plurality of pores in a portion of the metal substrate corresponding to a removed portion of the resist layer, by an anodic oxidation process, and removing the portion formed with the plurality of pores to form a recess. An X-ray imaging device of the present invention includes the X-ray metal grating structure manufactured by the X-ray metal grating structure manufacturing method.

Abstract: The production of a cutting pattern of a graphic placed upon a cutting mat is disclosed. A source image of the graphic overlaid on a cutting mat is received, and includes a plurality of registration marks as well as one or more distortions introduced during acquisition. The registration marks are identified from the source image by matching candidate sets of a plurality of center points of regions of adjacent groupings of pixels within the source image against predetermined positional relationships thereof corresponding to an actual arrangement of the registration marks on the cutting mat. An inverse transformation of the source image with values derived from the registration marks is applied. A corrected image aligned to physical coordinates of the cutting mat and referenced to the cutting machine is generated. A cut path is defined from vectors of the corrected image, and transmitted to the cutting machine for execution thereon.

Abstract: There are provided a shape data generation apparatus and shape data generation program capable of arranging, on one sheet-like medium, parts obtained by slicing one cutting shape. A shape data generation apparatus includes a slicing unit (11) configured to slice a cutting shape represented by supplied shape data into a plurality of parts in accordance with a closed shape prepared in advance, an arrangement unit (12) configured to arrange, of the cutting shape, a part protruding from the closed shape to fit in a free space within the closed shape, and a generation unit (13) configured to generate shape data representing a plurality of parts fitted in the closed shape.

Abstract: The production of a cutting pattern of a graphic placed upon a cutting mat is disclosed. A source image of the graphic overlaid on a cutting mat is received, and includes a plurality of registration marks as well as one or more distortions introduced during acquisition. The registration marks are identified from the source image by matching candidate sets of a plurality of center points of regions of adjacent groupings of pixels within the source image against predetermined positional relationships thereof corresponding to an actual arrangement of the registration marks on the cutting mat. An inverse transformation of the source image with values derived from the registration marks is applied. A corrected image aligned to physical coordinates of the cutting mat and referenced to the cutting machine is generated. A cut path is defined from vectors of the corrected image, and transmitted to the cutting machine for execution thereon.

Abstract: An electroluminescent element includes a first transparent electrode, a second transparent electrode, a light emitting layer sandwiched between the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode, a first transparent member formed on a surface of the first transparent electrode opposite to the light emitting layer, and a second transparent member formed on a surface of the second transparent electrode opposite to the light emitting layer, wherein refractive indices of the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode are selected such that as seen from the light emitting layer, a reflectance of an interface between the light emitting layer and the first transparent electrode becomes higher than a reflectance of an interface between the light emitting layer and the second transparent electrode, and a refractive index of the first transparent member is set to be lower than a refractive index of the second transparent member.