Abstract: In embodiments of the invention, a passivation layer is disposed over a side of a semiconductor structure including a light emitting layer disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region. A material configured to adhere to an underfill is disposed over an etched surface of the semiconductor structure.

Abstract: A system to control operation of a machine having a ground-engaging work implement for moving material about a worksite include a controller configured to determine a feasible target profile for the work implement to engage material. The feasible target profile may include a preload segment, a cut segment, and a loading segment. The controller determines a feasible prospective cut segment from a plurality of prospective cut segments. The controller generates a prospective preloading segment and a prospective loading segment associated with the feasible prospective cut profile. Position points associated with the loading segment are extracted and the controller determines if the ground-engaging work implement will align with the plurality of position points. The controller may also determine whether the load volume for the prospective cut segment is efficient.

Abstract: A method includes sensing, with a sensor, an outer surface of a pile of material, with a controller located on an at least partially autonomously-controlled machine, a midpoint of the pile of material based on the sensed outer surface; determining, with the controller, a plurality of potential loading paths around the midpoint for loading the machine; selecting, with the controller, a primary loading path of the potential loading paths based on a cost function analysis, and causing, with the controller, the machine to perform a loading instance as defined by the primary loading path.

Abstract: A system for moving material from a first work area to a second work includes a material moving machine, a machine position sensor and a controller system. The controller system performs first material moving operations including determining a premature termination of a material stacking operation. The controller system performs additional material moving operations including instructing a material moving machine in response to the premature termination of a material stacking operation.

Abstract: A guide system for planning missions of autonomous or semi-autonomous material displacement machines includes an operator interface and at least one computer coupled with the operator interface. The at least one computer is structured to receive working elevation information associated with missions executed by machines and indicative of working elevation parameters dependent upon disposition of a material displaced by the machines. The guide system is further structured to receive surrounding terrain information and compare the working elevation parameters to a surrounding elevation parameter. The guide system produces elevation variance alerts based on the comparison, and displays the elevation variance alerts in an operator-perceptible form such as graphically on a display in an operator interface.

Abstract: A method includes sensing, with a sensor, an outer surface of a pile of material, with a controller located on an at least partially autonomously-controlled machine, a midpoint of the pile of material based on the sensed outer surface; determining, with the controller, a plurality of potential loading paths around the midpoint for loading the machine; selecting, with the controller, a primary loading path of the potential loading paths based on a cost function analysis, and causing, with the controller, the machine to perform a loading instance as defined by the primary loading path.

Abstract: A system for moving material from a first work area to a second work includes a material moving machine, a machine position sensor and a controller system. The controller system performs first material moving operations including determining a transition location from an inclined material stack operation to a flat material stack operation. The controller system performs second material moving operations including controlling the material moving machine.

Abstract: A system to control operation of a machine having a ground-engaging work implement for moving material about a worksite include a controller configured to determine a feasible target profile for the work implement to engage material. The feasible target profile may include a preload segment, a cut segment, and a loading segment. The controller determines a feasible prospective cut segment from a plurality of prospective cut segments. The controller generates a prospective preloading segment and a prospective loading segment associated with the feasible prospective cut profile. Position points associated with the loading segment are extracted and the controller determines if the ground-engaging work implement will align with the plurality of position points. The controller may also determine whether the load volume for the prospective cut segment is efficient.

Abstract: A system for controlling operation of a machine having a frame supported by ground engaging members and a work implement movably supported by the frame includes a machine position sensor and an implement position sensor to output data pertaining to a position and orientation of the machine and the work implement within a worksite. The system further includes a controller that receives the data output by the machine position sensor and the implement position sensor. The controller computes an amount of gap that is required for alignment of the machine and the work implement with a slot based on the received data. The controller then controls a movement of the ground engaging members for positioning the machine at the computed amount of gap from a cut point located within the slot prior to the work implement entering a cut position for performing a cut within the slot.

Abstract: A system for automated control of a machine along a first slot in a work surface includes a machine position sensor and a controller. The controller is configured to determine an elevation difference between each pair of laterally aligned positions of the first slot and a second adjacent slot, generate a first propulsion command to operate the machine according to a first propulsion mode while the machine is disposed along the first slot adjacent each pair of laterally aligned positions at which the elevation difference is less than a slot elevation difference threshold, and generate a second propulsion command to operate the machine according to a second propulsion mode while the machine is disposed along the first slot adjacent each pair of laterally aligned positions at which the elevation difference is greater than the slot elevation difference threshold.

Abstract: A system for moving material with a ground engaging work implement determines a topography of the work surface, a maximum cutting capacity for a cutting operation, and a maximum carrying capacity for a carrying operation. A first double cut location is determined based upon the maximum carrying capacity and the topography of the work surface and a second double cut location is determined based upon the maximum carrying capacity and a modified topography of the work surface. Individually, the amount of material from each of the first and second double cut locations is less than the maximum cutting capacity, and combined is less than the maximum carrying capacity. A first forward double cut command moves the first double cut material to an intermediate position and a second forward double cut command moves the first double cut material and the second double cut amount of material to a dump location.

Abstract: A method of controlling a machine through an interrupted operation of the machine is provided. The method includes retrieving an existing load signal indicative of an existing external load on the machine by a controller prior to the interrupted operation. The method includes calculating an available load capacity for the machine defined as a difference between a maximum load capacity of the machine and the existing external load by the controller. Further, the method includes controlling the machine to execute a working operation by the controller corresponding to the available load capacity of the machine.

Abstract: A system for moving material with a work implement includes an image display device, an operator input device, and a position sensor. A controller is configured to determine a position of a work surface at a work site, display a portion of the work site on the image display device including an operational location at the work area, modify a position of the operational location on the image display device with the operator input device to define a modified operational location, generate a material movement plan based upon the position of the work surface and modified operational location, and generate command instructions to move the machine according to the material movement plan.

Abstract: A system for moving material with a ground engaging work implement determines a topography of the work surface, a maximum cutting capacity for a cutting operation, and a maximum carrying capacity for a carrying operation. A first double cut location is determined based upon the maximum carrying capacity and the topography of the work surface and a second double cut location is determined based upon the maximum carrying capacity and a modified topography of the work surface. Individually, the amount of material from each of the first and second double cut locations is less than the maximum cutting capacity, and combined is less than the maximum carrying capacity. A first forward double cut command moves the first double cut material to an intermediate position and a second forward double cut command moves the first double cut material and the second double cut amount of material to a dump location.

Abstract: A system for automated control of a machine along a first slot in a work surface includes a machine position sensor and a controller. The controller is configured to determine an elevation difference between each pair of laterally aligned positions of the first slot and a second adjacent slot, generate a first propulsion command to operate the machine according to a first propulsion mode while the machine is disposed along the first slot adjacent each pair of laterally aligned positions at which the elevation difference is less than a slot elevation difference threshold, and generate a second propulsion command to operate the machine according to a second propulsion mode while the machine is disposed along the first slot adjacent each pair of laterally aligned positions at which the elevation difference is greater than the slot elevation difference threshold.

Abstract: A system for determining a lowest cost distal end dump location is provided. A controller determines an amount of material to be moved from the first work area to the second work area, and evaluates a plurality of potential distal end dump locations at the second work area to determine a cost associated with moving the material at the second work area to form each second work area material configuration and select a lowest cost distal end dump location corresponding to a lowest cost second work area material configuration.

Abstract: A method of controlling a machine through an interrupted operation of the machine is provided. The method includes retrieving an existing load signal indicative of an existing external load on the machine by a controller prior to the interrupted operation. The method includes calculating an available load capacity for the machine defined as a difference between a maximum load capacity of the machine and the existing external load by the controller. Further, the method includes controlling the machine to execute a working operation by the controller corresponding to the available load capacity of the machine.

Abstract: A system for moving material from a first work area to a second work includes a material moving machine, a machine position sensor and a controller system. The controller system performs first material moving operations including determining a premature termination of a material stacking operation. The controller system performs additional material moving operations including instructing a material moving machine in response to the premature termination of a material stacking operation.

Abstract: A system for moving material from a first work area to a second work includes a material moving machine, a machine position sensor and a controller system. The controller system performs first material moving operations including determining a transition location from an inclined material stack operation to a flat material stack operation. The controller system performs second material moving operations including controlling the material moving machine.

Abstract: A control system for operating an autonomous earthmoving machine to move material from a work area to a dumping location is disclosed. The control system includes a receiving module to receive values of a set of parameters associated with a profile of a first ground surface between the work area and the first dump location, a profile of a second ground surface between the work area and the second dump location, and operational characteristics of the machine. The control system includes a controller to generate a first cost and a second cost of moving the material from the work area to the first dump location and the second dump location, respectively, and send instructions to the autonomous earthmoving machine to move the material from the work area to either of the first dump location and the second dump location, based on the first cost and the second cost.