Abstract: A measurement system may comprise an actively illuminated camera system, in some embodiments coupled to a time-of-flight sensor or an array of laser diodes beam split into a plurality of spatially separated lights. The camera system may capture two or three dimensional images, and the light source may comprise semiconductor diodes, such as light emitting diodes. The system includes a processor coupled to non-transitory computer readable medium and configured to use artificial intelligence to make one or more decisions. The processing may also involve artificial intelligence or machine learning techniques to analyze anomalous occurrences, or generative artificial intelligence to interface with a user or improve the performance of camera-based systems. Algorithms may also be used to improve the performance of generative artificial intelligence processing. The camera output may be fused with data from other sensors, and the camera may also capture information about the pose or gestures of a user.

Abstract: An optical system operating in the near or short-wave infrared wavelength range identifies an object based on water absorption. The system comprises a light source with modulated light emitting diodes operating at wavelengths near 1090 and 1440 nanometers, corresponding to lower and higher water absorption. The system further comprises one or more wavelength selective filters and a housing that is further coupled to an electrical circuit and a processor. The detection system comprises photodetectors that are synchronized to the light source, and the detection system receives at least a portion of light reflected from the object. The system is configured to identify the object by comparing the reflected light at the first and second wavelength to generate an output value, and then comparing the output value to a threshold. The optical system may be further coupled to a wearable device or a remote sensing system with a time-of-flight sensor.

Abstract: A sensing system includes laser diodes with Bragg reflectors generating light having an initial light intensity and one or more near-infrared optical wavelengths. The laser diodes are modulated with a pulsed output with 0.5 to 2 nanosecond pulse duration. A beam splitter receives light from the laser diodes, splits the light into a received sample arm light directed to an object and a received reference arm light. A detection system includes a second lens and spectral filters in front of a photodiode array. The photodiode array is coupled to CMOS transistors and receives at least a portion of the received reference arm light and generates a reference detector signal. The detection system is synchronized with the laser diodes. A time-of-flight measurement is based on a comparison of the sample detector signal and the reference detector signal and measures a temporal distribution of photons in the received reflected sample arm light.

Abstract: A measurement system comprising one or more semiconductor diodes configured to penetrate tissue comprising skin. The detection system comprising a camera, which may also include a direct or indirect time-of-flight sensor. The detection system synchronized to the pulsing of the semiconductor diodes, and the camera further coupled to a processor. The detection system non-invasively measuring blood within the skin, measuring hemoglobin absorption between 700 to 1300 nm, and the processor deriving physiological parameters and comparing properties between different spatial locations and variation over time. The semiconductor diodes may comprise vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, and the detection system may comprise single photon avalanche photodiodes. The measurement system may be used to observe eye parameters and differential blood flow.

Abstract: An active remote sensing system is provided with an array of laser diodes that generate light directed to an object having one or more optical wavelengths that include at least one near-infrared wavelength between 700 nanometers and 2500 nanometers. One of the laser diodes pulses with pulse duration of approximately 0.5 to 2 nanoseconds at repetition rate between one kilohertz and about 100 megahertz. A beam splitter receives the laser light, separates the light into a plurality of spatially separated lights and directs the lights to the object. A detection system includes a photodiode array synchronized to the array of laser diodes and performs a time-of-flight measurement by measuring a temporal distribution of photons received from the object. The time-of-flight measurement is combined with images from a camera system, and the remote sensing system is configured to be coupled to a wearable device, a smart phone or a tablet.

Abstract: An optical system operating in the near or short-wave infrared wavelength range identifies an object based on water absorption. The system comprises a light source with modulated light emitting diodes operating at wavelengths near 1090 and 1440 nanometers, corresponding to lower and higher water absorption. The system further comprises one or more wavelength selective filters and a housing that is further coupled to an electrical circuit and a processor. The detection system comprises photodetectors that are synchronized to the light source, and the detection system receives at least a portion of light reflected from the object. The system is configured to identify the object by comparing the reflected light at the first and second wavelength to generate an output value, and then comparing the output value to a threshold. The optical system may be further coupled to a wearable device or a remote sensing system with a time-of-flight sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for measuring hemodynamic or metabolic function of an organ or tissue region of a subject comprising a super-continuum laser operating in the near or short-wave infrared wavelength range and comprising a multi-stage amplifier. A source fiber delivers the super-continuum emission to the organ or tissue region, and a collection fiber receives reflected emission from the region. A detector followed by a processor is used to determine a metabolic state and an oxygenation state of the organ or tissue region. A signal-to-noise ratio of the signal is improved using a dual-arm differential measurement technique.

Abstract: A measurement system is provided with an array of laser diodes with one or more Bragg reflectors. At least a portion of the light generated by the array is configured to penetrate tissue comprising skin. A detection system configured to: measure a phase shift, and a time-of-flight, of at least a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes reflected from the tissue relative to the portion of the light generated by the array; generate one or more images of the tissue; detect oxy- or deoxy-hemoglobin in the tissue; non-invasively measure blood in blood vessels within or below a dermis layer within the skin; measure one or more physiological parameters based at least in part on the non-invasively measured blood; and measure a variation in the blood or physiological parameter over a period of time.

Abstract: An optical system measures one or more physiological parameters with a wearable device that includes a light emitting diode (LED) source including a driver and a plurality of semiconductor sources that generate an output optical light. One or more lenses deliver a lens output light to tissue of a user. A detection system receives at least a portion of the lens output light reflected from the tissue and generates an output signal having a signal-to-noise ratio. The detection system comprises a plurality of spatially separated detectors and an analog to digital converter. The detection system increases the signal-to-noised ratio by comparing a first signal with the LEDs off to a second signal with the LEDs on. An imaging system including a Bragg reflector is pulsed and has a near infrared wavelength. A beam splitter splits the light into a sample arm and a reference arm to measure time-of-flight.

Abstract: Techniques for measuring metabolic tissue state and oxygenation in human or animal models, through optical techniques capable of simultaneous measurement at single region of interest. Simultaneously measuring CCO, oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO), and deoxygenated (HbR) hemoglobin is performed and metabolic activity of the tissue is determined. The methods employ a super-continuum light source and a probe to deliver light to the individual, and reflected light from the individual is analyzed to determine the metabolic function of the individual.

Abstract: An active remote sensing system is provided with an array of laser diodes that generate light directed to an object having one or more optical wavelengths that include at least one near-infrared wavelength between 600 nanometers and 1000 nanometers. One of the laser diodes pulses at a modulation frequency between 10 Megahertz and 1 Gigahertz and has a phase associated with the modulation frequency. A detection system includes a photo-detector, a lens, a spectral filter at an input to the photo-detector, and a processor that processes digitized signals received from the photo-detector to generate an output signal. The detection system uses a lock-in technique that synchronizes pulsing the one laser diode. The active remote sensing system is configured to be mounted on a vehicle or an airborne platform to provide distance information based on a time-of-flight measurement.

Abstract: A measurement system is provided with an array of laser diodes to generate light having one or more optical wavelengths. A detection system is provided with at least one photo-detector, a lens and a spectral filter at an input to the at least one photo-detector. The measurement system is further configured to transmit at least a portion of the output signal, indicative of an output status, to a cloud service over a transmission link. The cloud service is configured to receive the output status, to generate processed data based on the received output status, and to store the processed data, and wherein the cloud service is capable of storing a history of at least a portion of the received output status over a specified period of time.

Abstract: A measurement system is provided with an array of laser diodes with one or more Bragg reflectors. At least a portion of the light generated by the array is configured to penetrate tissue comprising skin. A detection system configured to: measure a phase shift, and a time-of-flight, of at least a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes reflected from the tissue relative to the portion of the light generated by the array; generate one or more images of the tissue; detect oxy- or deoxy-hemoglobin in the tissue; non-invasively measure blood in blood vessels within or below a dermis layer within the skin; measure one or more physiological parameters based at least in part on the non-invasively measured blood; and measure a variation in the blood or physiological parameter over a period of time.

Abstract: An optical system measures one or more physiological parameters with a wearable device that includes a light emitting diode (LED) source including a driver and a plurality of semiconductor sources that generate an output optical light. One or more lenses deliver a lens output light to tissue of a user. A detection system receives at least a portion of the lens output light reflected from the tissue and generates an output signal having a signal-to-noise ratio. The detection system comprises a plurality of spatially separated detectors and an analog to digital converter. The detection system increases the signal-to-noised ratio by comparing a first signal with the LEDs off to a second signal with the LEDs on. An imaging system including a Bragg reflector is pulsed and has a near infrared wavelength. A beam splitter splits the light into a sample arm and a reference arm to measure time-of-flight.

Abstract: A measurement system is provided with an array of laser diodes with one or more Bragg reflectors. At least a portion of the light generated by the array is configured to penetrate tissue comprising skin. A detection system configured to: measure a phase shift, and a time-of-flight, of at least a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes reflected from the tissue relative to the portion of the light generated by the array; generate one or more images of the tissue; detect oxy- or deoxy-hemoglobin in the tissue; non-invasively measure blood in blood vessels within or below a dermis layer within the skin; measure one or more physiological parameters based at least in part on the non-invasively measured blood; and measure a variation in the blood or physiological parameter over a period of time.

Abstract: A system for measuring one or more physiological parameters is provided with a wearable device that includes a light source comprising a driver and a plurality of semiconductor sources that generate an output optical light. The wearable device comprises: one or more lenses to receive at least a portion of the output optical light and to deliver a lens output light to tissue, and a detection system to receive at least a portion of the lens output light reflected from the tissue and to generate an output signal having a signal-to-noise ratio, and to be synchronized to the light source. The detection system comprises at least one analog to digital converter coupled to at least one spatially separated detector. The plurality of semiconductor sources comprises six light emitting diodes, and wherein the plurality of semiconductor sources and the plurality of spatially separated detectors are located on one or more arcs.

Abstract: A diagnostic system includes a light source having semiconductor sources, optical amplifiers, and fibers configured to deliver a first optical beam to a nonlinear element configured to broaden a spectrum of the first optical beam to at least 10 nanometers through a nonlinear effect in the nonlinear element, wherein a broadened-spectrum output beam comprises a near-infrared wavelength between 600-1000 nanometers. An interface device, having a cap with fiber leads configured to couple to the light source and to a receiver having one or more detectors, delivers the output optical beam to a tissue sample. The receiver is configured to receive a diffuse spectroscopy output beam resulting from light diffusion of the output optical beam into a top two (2) millimeters of the sample and to process the diffuse spectroscopy output beam to generate an output signal that monitors absorption or scattering features of the tissue sample.

Abstract: Techniques for measuring metabolic tissue state and oxygenation in human or animal models, through optical techniques capable of simultaneous measurement at single region of interest. Simultaneously measuring CCO, oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO), and deoxygenated (HbR) hemoglobin is performed and metabolic activity of the tissue is determined. The methods employ a super-continuum light source and a probe to deliver light to the individual, and reflected light from the individual is analyzed to determine the metabolic function of the individual.

Abstract: A measurement system is provided with an array of laser diodes to generate light having one or more optical wavelengths. A detection system is provided with at least one photo-detector, a lens and a spectral filter at an input to the at least one photo-detector. The measurement system is further configured to transmit at least a portion of the output signal, indicative of an output status, to a cloud service over a transmission link. The cloud service is configured to receive the output status, to generate processed data based on the received output status, and to store the processed data, and wherein the cloud service is capable of storing a history of at least a portion of the received output status over a specified period of time.

Abstract: A measurement system is provided with an array of laser diodes with one or more Bragg reflectors. At least a portion of the light generated by the array is configured to penetrate tissue comprising skin. A detection system configured to: measure a phase shift, and a time-of-flight, of at least a portion of the light from the array of laser diodes reflected from the tissue relative to the portion of the light generated by the array; generate one or more images of the tissue; detect oxy- or deoxy-hemoglobin in the tissue; non-invasively measure blood in blood vessels within or below a dermis layer within the skin; measure one or more physiological parameters based at least in part on the non-invasively measured blood; and measure a variation in the blood or physiological parameter over a period of time.