Abstract: Methods, apparatus and systems are disclosed. One representative method implemented by a wireless transmit/receive unit includes determining a first beamforming matrix; sending, to a network entity, an indication of the first beamforming matrix; and receiving, from the network entity, an indication of a second beamforming matrix determined by the network entity from at least the first beamforming matrix for beamforming data for transmission.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein for sidelink (SL) collision detection and indication (e.g., in new radio (NR) vehicular communications (V2X)). A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may send resource reservations (e.g., in sidelink control information (SCI)). A receiving (RX) WTRU may receive SCI from (e.g., multiple) transmitting (TX) WTRUs, where the TX WTRUs are reserving resources for transmission. The TX WTRUs may be unaware of the other TX WTRUs (e.g., unaware of the resources being reserved by other TX WTRUs). Resources may be in conflict, for example, if the reserved resources overlap (e.g., partially or completely). Collision may occur, for example, if multiple TX WTRUs reserve the resources in conflict for transmission and/or if the TX WTRUs reserving the resources in conflict for transmission do not reselect a non-conflicting resource.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein related to radio-link failure (RLF) and recovery for multihop and multiconnectivity relays. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may act as a relay to another WTRU (e.g., a remote WTRU). For example, a first WTRU may act as a relay WTRU (e.g., a WTRU to network relay) towards a second WTRU (e.g., a remote WTRU). The first WTRU may provide information associated with cell reselection and/or re-establishment to the second WTRU (e.g., if the first WTRU experiences a radio-link failure).

Abstract: A method for a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU). The method including receiving from a network configuration information indicating multiple frequency layers for positioning reference signals; and at least one activated frequency layer from among the multiple frequency layers. The frequency layers may be associated with one or more carriers for data transmission, wherein the carrier is co-located with its associated frequency layer for positioning; and bandwidth parts (BWPs) within carriers for data transmission. The WTRU may receive from the network activation/deactivation information indicating activation/deactivation of any of a secondary cell (SCell) and a BWP. The WTRU may transmit information indicating, for example, a set of frequency layers used for positioning, wherein the set of frequency layers is enabled according to any of an accuracy requirement, a latency, a measured RSRP of one frequency layer, and a measured CSI-RS corresponding to BWPs being a threshold.

Abstract: A method performed by a relay wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) includes receiving an indication of a change in state of a remote WTRU having a paging link with the relay WTRU, receiving a paging message from a network. The paging message includes a system information (SI) change indication, wherein the SI change indication indicates an availability of updated SI information from the network for the remote WTRU. The relay WTRU transmits the updated SI information to the remote WTRU based on the received indication of a change in state of the remote WTRU.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures, and interfaces for a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) performing sidelink communications are provided.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that may be associated with new radio (NR) vehicular communication (V2X) sidelink power saving for unicast and groupcast. A first wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a message. The message may indicate a set of configuration groups and/or one or more suitability selection parameters. The WTRU may receive, from a second WTRU, a first indication. The first indication may indicate that the second WTRU is associated with a first configuration group and a first priority group. The first WTRU may receive, from a third WTRU, a second indication. The second indication may indicate that the third WTRU is associated with a second configuration group and a second priority value. The first WTRU may select a configuration group from the set of configuration groups based on the first indication and the second indication.

Abstract: Provided is a device including: a battery configured to supply power; a heater configured to heat an aerosol generating material by receiving power from the battery; a sensor; at least one output unit; and a controller, wherein the controller detects a user's puff by using the sensor and controls at least one output unit based on puff characteristic data based on a result of the detection.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for receiving system information performed by a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) having reduced capacity, are provided.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that may be used to determine a destination for sidelink transmission based on the priority of the transmission and/or other parameters associated with the transmission. In examples, a destination may be selected if one or more logical channels associated with the destination have a bucket size parameter exceeding a certain threshold and the one or more logical channels have a highest priority. Various other techniques are also described herein that relate to the configuration and/or report of QoS information, selection of sidelink resources, use of a minimum communication range, etc.

Abstract: Power efficient measurements may be implemented for high frequency operations. A WTRU may determine measurement occasions, DRX cycle/configuration transitions, DRX pause/resume, DRX timer operation, and/or BFR based on scheduling activity, beam configuration, BFI detection, BFD, beam loss, etc. A WTRU may be configured with multiple DRX cycles and measurement opportunities (e.g., with different periodicities). The WTRU may perform (e.g., RS) measurement(s) with determined/configured timing (e.g., DRX on-durations) in a first DRX cycle based on condition(s). The WTRU may switch to a second DRX cycle and perform RS measurement(s) with determined/configured timing based on condition(s) (e.g., counted number of BFIs detected in first DRX cycle). The WTRU may switch from the second (e.g., short) DRX cycle to the first (e.g., long) DRX cycle or to non-DRX operation (e.g., DRX suspension or reset DRX inactivity timer) based on condition(s) (e.g., number of BFIs in first and/or second DRX cycle(s)).

Abstract: A method for a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU). The method including receiving from a network configuration information indicating multiple frequency layers for positioning reference signals; and at least one activated frequency layer from among the multiple frequency layers. The frequency layers may be associated with one or more carriers for data transmission, wherein the carrier is co-located with its associated frequency layer for positioning; and bandwidth parts (BWPs) within carriers for data transmission. The WTRU may receive from the network activation/deactivation information indicating activation/deactivation of any of a secondary cell (SCell) and a BWP. The WTRU may transmit information indicating, for example, a set of frequency layers used for positioning, wherein the set of frequency layers is enabled according to any of an accuracy requirement, a latency, a measured RSRP of one frequency layer, and a measured CSI-RS corresponding to BWPs being a threshold.

Abstract: An apparatus may be configured to determine whether to prioritize a sidelink (SL) logical channel group (LCG) based on an SL prioritization threshold and a UL prioritization threshold, on a condition that a UL prioritization threshold is configured. The apparatus may be configured to determine whether a prioritization value associated with the SL LCG is lower than the SL prioritization threshold. The apparatus may be configured to determine (e.g., at least) whether an uplink (UL) LCG has a prioritization value that is equal to or higher than the UL prioritization threshold. The apparatus may be configured to determine whether to prioritize SL buffer status reporting (BSR) based on a size of a UL grant and the determination of whether to prioritize the SL LCG. The apparatus may be configured to report a buffer status based on the determination of whether to prioritize the SL BSR.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for narrowband (NB) LTE operation. A WTRU may receive a first downlink data transmission, for example, via a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH). The WTRU may determine to send a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) in response to receipt of the first downlink data transmission. The WTRU may transmit a first uplink reference signal. The WTRU may indicate the HARQ-ACK using a first cyclic shift index that is applied to the first uplink reference signal. The WTRU may determine to send a HARQ negative ACK (HARQ-NACK), for example, on a condition that a second downlink data transmission is not correctly received. The WTRU may send a second uplink reference signal. The WTRU may indicate the HARQ-NACK using a second cyclic shift that is applied to the second uplink reference signal.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to methods and apparatus for using artificial intelligence and machine learning for positioning of nodes (e.g., wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs)) in wireless communications. In an example, a method implemented by a WTRU for wireless communications includes receiving configuration information indicating a plurality of positioning methods and a threshold, determining a respective weight for each of the plurality of positioning methods, and sending the respective weights for the plurality of positioning methods based on determining that at least one of the respective weights is greater than the threshold and/or after a preconfigured time period.

Abstract: Procedures, methods, architectures, apparatuses, systems, devices, and computer program products directed to selection and/or reselection of WTRUs and paths are provided. Among such methods is a method that may be implemented in a first WTRU and may include determining first measurements based on first sidelink transmissions received from a second WTRU; receiving, from the second WTRU, second measurements associated with a path between the first WTRU and a third WTRU, wherein second measurements are based, at least in part, on sidelink transmissions exchanged between the third WTRU and the second WTRU or between the third WTRU and a fourth WTRU; determining a measurement of the path based on any of the first and second measurements; determining transmission parameters for transmitting discovery messages during a communication period based on any of the measurement of the path and quality of service criteria; and transmitting the discovery messages according to the transmission parameters.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may perform a listen before talk (LBT) procedure associated with a sidelink (SL) bandwidth. The SL bandwidth may include a resource block (RB) set. The WTRU may determine a CSLF associated with the RB set of the SL bandwidth based on the LBT procedure. The WTRU may determine a resource for reporting the CSLF, for example, based on a priority rule. The priority rule may indicate that a licensed resource has a higher priority than an unlicensed resource. The priority rule may indicate that, if a consistent LBT failure is not detected on an unlicensed uplink (UL) resource, the unlicensed UL resource has a higher priority than an unlicensed SL resource. The WTRU may send a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) using the determined resource. In examples, the MAC CE may indicate the RB set.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for burst transmission are provided. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is configured to receive configuration information for a periodic search space (P-SS) and a semi-persistent search space (SP-SS). The configuration information may include a monitoring periodicity of the P-SS and a monitoring periodicity of the SP-SS. The P-SS may be associated with the SP-SS. The WTRU is configured to monitor the P-SS with the periodicity of the P-SS. The WTRU is configured to receive a first message in a first physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) in a slot of the P-SS. The first message may indicate an activation of the associated SP-SS. The WTRU is configured to monitor the SP-SS using the periodicity of the SP-SS. The WTRU is configured to receive a second message in a second PDCCH in a slot of the SP-SS.

Abstract: A first wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive, from a second WTRU, sidelink control information (SCI), including first information indicating if a resource is reserved by the second WTRU, and second information indicating if the second WTRU is a power saving or non-power saving. The first WTRU may measure a reference signal receive power (RSRP) of signals transmitted by the second WTRU. The first WTRU may add a resource to a set of available resources if the first information indicates that the resource is not reserved by the second WTRU. If a resource is reserved, the WTRU may set an RSRP threshold to a first set or second threshold based on a power saving mode of the second WTRU. The first WTRU may add the resource to the set of available resources if the measured RSRP is less than the selected RSRP threshold.