Abstract: A biosensor enabling accurate measurement of the concentration of a substrate contained in a trace amount of a sample solution is disclosed. The electrochemical analysis element in accordance with the present invention which should be included in the biosensor comprises a sensor body having a hollow space which space is open at its both ends, an electrode system having a working electrode and a counter electrode, a reagent segment containing an enzyme, wherein the electrode system and the reagent segment are disposed on an inner wall of the hollow space.

Abstract: There is provided a cholesterol sensor with high-accuracy and excellent response, whose object to be measured is whole blood, where plasma with hemocytes therein filtered can rapidly reach an electrode system. In a biosensor where plasma with hemocytes therein filtered with a filter is sucked into a sample solution supply pathway due to capillarity, there are formed: a first pressing part for holding a primary side portion of the filter from the bottom; a second pressing part for holding a secondary side portion of the filter from the top and the bottom; a third pressing part for holding the central portion of the filter from the top; and a void for surrounding the filter between the second pressing part and third pressing part.

Abstract: A biosensor that is highly responsive and capable of rapid and highly sensitive quantification of a specific component contained in a sample is provided. The biosensor of this invention comprises: an electrically insulating base plate; an electrode system comprising a working electrode and a counter electrode disposed on the base plate; and a reagent system comprising an oxidoreductase which catalyzes the oxidation reaction of glucose, gluconolactonase and a buffer. The buffer is selected from the group consisting of phthalic acid and its salts, maleic acid and its salts, succinic acid and its salts, phospholic acid and its salts, acetic acid and its salts, boric acid and its salts, citric acid and its salts, glycine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, piperazine-N,N′-bis(2-ethane sulfonic acid) and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a so improved biosensor that a whole blood is allowed to be an object to be measured, and that plasma of a blood, with hemocytes thereof having been filtered out, is allowed to quickly reach an electrode system.

Abstract: In order to provide a cholesterol sensor capable of measuring whole blood with high accuracy and excellent response, where plasma with hemocytes therein filtered promptly reaches an electrode system, in a biosensor comprising: an insulating base plate; an electrode system which is provided on the base plate and has a measurement electrode and a counter electrode; a reaction layer including at least oxidoreductase and an electron mediator; a sample solution supply pathway which includes the electrode system and the reaction layer and has an air aperture on the termination side thereof; a sample supply portion; and a filter which is disposed between the sample solution supply pathway and the sample supply portion and filters hemocytes, where plasma with the hemocytes therein filtered with the filter is sucked into the sample solution supply pathway due to capillarity, the central part of a secondary side portion of the filter is protruded into the sample solution supply pathway more than both the right and left

Abstract: A biosensor enabling accurate measurement of the concentration of a substrate contained in a trace amount of a sample solution is disclosed. The electrochemical analysis element in accordance with the present invention which should be included in the biosensor comprises a sensor body having a hollow space which space is open at its both ends, an electrode system having a working electrode and a counter electrode, a reagent segment containing an enzyme, wherein the electrode system and the reagent segment are disposed on an inner wall of the hollow space.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biosensor that enables highly-accurate measurement of a sample solution including a solid component like hemocytes and has a little variation in response. The biosensor includes: an insulating base plate, an electrode system having at least a working electrode and a counter electrode provided on the base plate, a cover member that is combined with the base plate to define a sample solution supply pathway for leading a sample solution from a sample supply unit to the electrode system, a reaction reagent system including at least an oxidation-reduction enzyme and an electron mediator, and a filter disposed between the electrode system and the sample supply unit in the sample solution supply pathway. The biosensor has a space that encircles surface of the filter in an area from one end of the filter close to the sample supply unit to the other end of the filter close to the electrode system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a highly responsive biosensor comprising a cholesterol-oxidizing enzyme and cholesterol esterase. The biosensor comprises: an electrically insulating base plate; an electrode system including a working electrode and a counter electrode formed on the base plate; a cover member joined with the base plate to define a sample supply pathway through which a sample solution is introduced from a sample supply port to the electrode system, the sample supply pathway being formed between the cover member and the base plate; and a reagent layer formed in the sample supply pathway, wherein the reagent layer contains a cholesterol-oxidizing enzyme, cholesterol esterase, an electron mediator, and a buffer having a buffering capacity in an acidic pH range.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biosensor that has a reaction reagent system easily dissolved even in a sample solution containing a high concentration of a substrate and ensures rapid and highly accurate measurement. The method of forming a target reaction layer according to the present invention dissolves a material constituting the target reaction layer in a solvent of a sublimable substance to prepare a solution, applies the solution in a desired area to form the target reaction layer, freezes the applied solution, and sublimates the solvent included in a solid matter of the frozen solution under reduced pressure for removal. The resultant reaction layer has a large surface area and is easily dissolved in the sample solution to enable rapid measurement.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biosensor which enables prompt quantification by facilitating introduction of a sample solution even when the amount of the sample solution is small and improving dissolution of reagents. The biosensor comprises an insulating base plate; an electrode system including at least a measuring electrode and a counter electrode formed on the base plate; a cover member integrated into the base plate to form a sample solution supply pathway for supplying a sample solution to the electrode system between the cover member and the base plate; a reaction reagent system including at least an electron mediator and an oxidoreductase; and a carrier supporting at least the electron mediator or the oxidoreductase of the reaction reagent system, wherein the carrier is partially or wholly disposed outside the sample solution supply pathway.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a biosensor comprising a working electrode base plate 11, a counter electrode base plate 14 and a reagent layer containing at least an enzyme and an electron mediator, wherein a working electrode 12 disposed on the working electrode base plate and a counter electrode 15 disposed on the counter electrode base plate are positioned so as to mutually face and a terminal of a measuring device can be brought in contact with terminals 13, 16 of both electrodes from through-holes 25, 24. Such a biosensor can produce highly reliable and accurate measuring results with only a small amount of a sample.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for determining cholesterol in low density lipoprotein comprising the steps of (a) measuring total cholesterol level in a sample containing at least high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein and chylomicron, and (b) measuring cholesterol levels in the high density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein and chylomicron in the sample, wherein the cholesterol level in the low density lipoprotein is determined by subtracting a value obtained in step (b) from a value obtained in step (a). The present invention enables concurrent determination of cholesterol level in low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol level, facilitating acquisition of two types of biological information at a time.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for determining cholesterol in low density lipoprotein comprising the steps of (a) measuring total cholesterol level in a sample containing at least high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein and chylomicron, and (b) measuring cholesterol levels in the high density lipoprotein, very low density lipoprotein and chylomicron in the sample, wherein the cholesterol level in the low density lipoprotein is determined by subtracting a value obtained in the step (b) from a value obtained in the step (a). The present invention enables concurrent determination of cholesterol level in low density lipoprotein and total cholesterol level, facilitating acquisition of two types of biological information at a time.

Abstract: An examination system for bodily fluids includes a vessel-like examination unit having an opening, a sensor for examining the bodily fluids, and a bodily-fluids-oozing device. This system is further provided with a pump for decompressing the inside of the unit and an electromagnetic cross-valve for releasing the decompressed condition, or still further provided with humidifying means for supplying vapor inside the unit, in addition to the pump and the valve. As a result, the system produces a precise measurement with a little amount of bodily fluid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sensor that electrochemically determines cholesterol in low density lipoprotein by only one feed of a sample. The sensor has: an electrode system that is mounted on an electrically insulating base plate and includes at least a working electrode and a counter electrode; an enzyme layer formed on the base plate with the electrode system; and a reagent layer that is arranged before the enzyme layer in a sample solution supply path to the electrode system. The enzyme layer includes at least an oxidoreductase and an electron mediator. The reagent layer includes a reagent that depresses reactivity of cholesterol in lipoproteins other than the low density lipoprotein with the oxidoreductase, for example, a reagent that attaches to lipoproteins other than the low density lipoprotein to form a water-soluble complex.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biosensor which enables prompt quantification by facilitating introduction of a sample solution even when the amount of the sample solution is small and improving dissolution of reagents. The biosensor comprises an insulating base plate; an electrode system including at least a measuring electrode and a counter electrode formed on the base plate; a cover member integrated into the base plate to form a sample solution supply pathway for supplying a sample solution to the electrode system between the cover member and the base plate; a reaction reagent system including at least an electron mediator and an oxidoreductase; and a carrier supporting at least the electron mediator or the oxidoreductase of the reaction reagent system, wherein the carrier is partially or wholly disposed outside the sample solution supply pathway.

Abstract: The present invention provides a biosensor that has a reaction reagent system easily dissolved even in a sample solution containing a high concentration of a substrate and ensures rapid and highly accurate measurement. The method of forming a target reaction layer according to the present invention dissolves a material constituting the target reaction layer in a solvent of a sublimable substance to prepare a solution, applies the solution in a desired area to form the target reaction layer, freezes the applied solution, and sublimates the solvent included in a solid matter of the frozen solution under reduced pressure for removal. The resultant reaction layer has a large surface area and is easily dissolved in the sample solution to enable rapid measurement.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode probe and a body fluid examination equipment enabling examination of a trace amount of body fluid. The electrode probe comprises an insulating needle member, a working electrode lead disposed in the needle member, a working electrode whose lead is protruding outside from the needle member, a counter electrode disposed on the surface of the needle member, a lead connected to the counter electrode, and a reagent layer disposed in contact with or in the vicinity of the working and counter electrodes of the electrode system. When a trace amount of body fluid leaking on the skin surface is brought into contact with the reagent layer, the reagent layer dissolves which results in electron transfer whereby information about the concentration of analyte in the body fluid can be obtained from the electrode system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a measurement device facilitating accurate quantitation of a substrate from a trace amount of sample and a highly reliable quantitating method of a substrate. The method uses an analysis element comprising a pair of electrodes for electrochemically quantitating reaction between a substrate in a sample and an oxidoreductase. One of the electrodes of the analysis element is a membrane formed on an inner wall of a cylindrical hollow space having an opening and the other is a needle. The needle electrode is projected temporarily external to the hollow space to puncture a subject and the resultant sample is collected from the subject.

Abstract: A process for producing polyolefin with a vapor-phase fluidized-bed reactor, wherein the reaction is started after filling the reactor with particles which contain moisture and/or molecular oxygen and can form a fluidized bed in order to prevent the formation of molten resin which is liable to occur at the start of the reaction and to attain a smooth operation of the reactor.