Abstract: The voltage-controlled dual-slope square and triangular waveform generator is an electronic circuit that includes a plus-type second-generation current conveyor operably connected to a single operational amplifier. At the input stage to the operational amplifier, two metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistors are configured as switches. Three resistors and a grounded capacitor are included in the electronic circuit, thereby maintaining a low component count. The leading and trailing slopes of the waveform are independently adjustable by selection of the voltages V1 and V2 that are selectively connectable to the y-input of the CCII+ via switching action of the MOS transistors. The frequency of the waveform is adjustable via the voltage divider ratio between the output and noninverting input of the operational amplifier. The simple and elegant nature of the circuit design provides a low-cost waveform generator that can be adjusted both for frequency and for independent leading edge and trailing edge slopes.

Abstract: The 555 timer-based phase-to-voltage converter is a circuit that can be used for phase-to-voltage conversion for phase angles in the range between 0 and 2?. A first input signal triggers the 555 timer. A second input signal resets the 555 timer, and thus an output signal having a pulse width proportional to the phase difference between the first and second input signals is formed at the output of the 555 timer. A low pass filter may be placed at the output to pass a DC voltage having a magnitude proportional to the phase difference between the first and second input signals for phase angles between 0 and 2?.

Abstract: The universal CMOS current-mode analog function synthesizer is based on approximating the required function using its sixth-order Taylor series expansion. These approximations can be implemented by adding the weighted output currents of a number of basic building blocks built around a basic current squarer, and a constant current. The circuit can simultaneously realize thirty-two different mathematical functions and can be easily expanded to accommodate many others.

Abstract: The universal CMOS current-mode analog function synthesizer is based on approximating the required function using its sixth-order Taylor series expansion. These approximations can be implemented by adding the weighted output currents of a number of basic building blocks built around a basic current squarer, and a constant current. The circuit can simultaneously realize thirty-two different mathematical functions and can be easily expanded to accommodate many others.