Abstract: A method and a device for changing direction of movement of a beam of accelerated charged particles are based on the use of a curved channel which is made from a material that is able to be electrically charged, and formation of the same kind of charge on an inside surface of the channel wall as that of the particles. Maintenance of a condition that relates an energy and a charge of the particles to geometrical parameters of the channel is required, in particular, a radius R of curvature of a longitudinal axis thereof, and to electrical strength of the wall material. The beam can possibly be rotated through large angles without loss of intensity, significantly simplifying a design, and also reducing the mass and dimensions of all devices, particularly by obviating a need for magnets and supply voltage and control voltage sources for such devices.

Abstract: The inventions relate to a group that includes means for directing charged particles, enabling the acceleration and interaction thereof, and producing radiation caused by their movement, namely a method for changing the direction of an accelerated charged particle beam, a device for implementing said method, a source of undulator electromagnetic radiation, a linear and a circular charged particle accelerator, and a collider and means for producing a magnetic field created by a stream of accelerated charged particles. The method and the device for implementing same are based on the use of a curved channel (1) for transporting particles, which is made from a material that is able to be electrically charged, and the formation of the same kind of charge on the inside surface of the channel wall as that of the particles.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the elimination of changes of the chemical composition of a pumped liquid caused by introduction of strange components or by modification of original components. Another object of the invention is to provide the possibility of use of electrodes of the first order in order to increase productivity and decrease size and cost of the micropump. For this purpose, the electrokinetic micropump comprises a multichannel structure 810 made of non-conducting material, for example, a piece of a polycapillary column. The inlet and outlet end of this structure are adjacent to electrode sections 803, 804 having openings 821, 822 for inlet and outlet of the pumped liquid. These sections are divided by ion-exchange membranes 811, 812 into chambers 813, 814 for flow of the pumped liquid, communicating with the ends 841, 842 of the multichannel structure, and chambers 815, 816 filled with an auxiliary medium for transfer of electric charges. In the latter electrodes 817, 818 are located.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the elimination of changes of the chemical composition of a pumped liquid caused by introduction of strange components or by modification of original components. Another object of the invention is to provide the possibility of use of electrodes of the first order in order to increase productivity and decrease size and cost of the micropump. For this purpose, the electrokinetic micropump comprises a multichannel structure 810 made of non-conducting material, for example, a piece of a polycapillary column. The inlet and outlet end of this structure are adjacent to electrode sections 803, 804 having openings 821, 822 for inlet and outlet of the pumped liquid. These sections are divided by ion-exchange membranes 811, 812 into chambers 813, 814 for flow of the pumped liquid, communicating with the ends 841, 842 of the multichannel structure, and chambers 815, 816 filled with an auxiliary medium for transfer of electric charges. In the latter electrodes 817, 818 are located.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of radiotherapy of a malignant neoplasm, defining a location of a malignant neoplasm, and a device for implementation the method, consisting in elimination of the influence of the factor owing to usage of common X-ray beams both for identification of the tissue structure and location of the malignant site, and for rendering the ray action on the malignant site.

Abstract: The methods comprise detection of gadolinium in human tissues and organs by refining the position of malignant neoplasm and radiation treatment of the neoplasm in order to damage its cells. Refined position of the malignant neoplasm is determined by introducing gadolinium into the patient body and scanning part of the patient body in which the neoplasm is located. The scanning is performed by displacement of zone of radiation concentration created by intersection of several X-ray beams having radiation energy corresponding to K-edge of gadolinium atoms absorption. The refined information is acquired using detectors sensitive to K?-radiation of gadolinium atoms, to which secondary radiation is transported arising in zone of concentration. Scanning is performed of the region of the malignant neoplasm location utilizing the same means as in the first stage. Sources of X-ray radiation are switched with control means into elevated intensity mode, sufficient for radiation damage of the malignant neoplasm tissues.

Abstract: A device for conversion of an optical radiation flux, the device having a plurality of channels for receiving and transmitting optical flux and the channels having input 6 and output 8 end faces. Radiation, such as light, may be transported with or without reflections from the interior walls of the channels, depending upon curvature or lack thereof. Radiation diverging from a point source can be focused by the device to form large or small images following the output of the device along a longitudinal axis thereof. The input and output faces of the device can be used in reverse fashion. Radiation passing through the device will continue along a directed path in accordance with axial extensions, or continuations, of the individual channel axis.

Abstract: Device, related to the means for radiation therapy of malignant and benign neoplasms and certain other diseases, comprise hollow probe 5, source 1 of neutral particle radiation in the form of X-ray or gamma quanta or neutrons, and means of shaping the particle beam of said radiation oriented by the longitudinal axis of the probe. Means of shaping the particle beam is executed in the form of collimator or lens 18 comprising aggregate of curved channels for radiation transmission with a total internal reflection. Said means may be located inside of the probe 5. On using the device, probe 5 is introduced into the body of patient 11, with its distal end 7 approaching pathological locus 13 or inserted directly into it. For exposure of pathological locus, use is made of radiation of the neutral particles source directly or secondary radiation excited in the target placed in the distal end of the probe or radiation dissipated with this target.

Abstract: Inventions related to the intra-vision means, designed for production of visually sensed images of the internal structure of an object, in particular, of a biological object, are aimed at higher accuracy of determining the relative density indices of the object's substance in the obtained image together with avoiding complex and expensive engineering; when used for diagnostic purposes in medicine, the dosage of tissues surrounding those that are examined is decreased. X-rays from source 1 is concentrated (for example, using X-ray lens 2) in the zone that includes the current point 4, to which the measurement results are attributed and which is located within the target area 7 of the object 5. Excited in this zone secondary scattered radiation (Compton, fluorescent) is transported (for example, using X-ray lens 3) to one or more detectors 6.

Abstract: The complex is intended for carrying out research in the X-ray range at several analytical devices 5 simultaneously. The complex comprises a source 1 of divergent X-rays, for example an X-ray tube and x-ray lenses 2 for radiation transporting toward the analytical devices 5 and the apparatus of these devices. The X-ray lenses 2 form the x-rays into quasi-parallel beams. Usage of the X-ray lenses provides for the scientists in the analytical devices the requisite brightness, being not less than in the complexes where the radiation source is a synchrotron.

Abstract: X-ray microscope comprise extended X-ray source, as well as means for placement of test object 3 and recording means, and located between them X-ray capillary lens. Channels of the latter are diverging towards recording means. Means for placement of the test object is located between extended X-ray source and lesser end side of the X-ray capillary lens. The device is characterized in that the walls of the channels (14, 16) for radiation transmission have a coating or are made of material absorbing or scattering X-ray radiation, and have lateral surface shape of truncated cone or pyramid, or that of cylinder or prism. With specified choice of the material, phenomenon of total external reflection is excluded, while rectilinearity of longitudinal axes of the channels ensures their functioning as collimators. Therefore, channels capture radiation only from the fragments of the test object 3 situated exactly opposite their entrances.

Abstract: The invention makes possible to increase the degree of radiation focusing by the lens, to use particles of higher energies, and to increase the coefficients, depending on these factors, of the devices, the lens is used in. Thus the sublens 18 of the least degree of integration represents a package of the channels 5, which is growing out of joint drawing and forming the capillaries, which are laid in a bundle. The sublens of each higher degree of integration represents a package of sublenses of the previous degree of integration, which is growing out of their joint drawing and forming. The sublenses are growing out of performing the said operations at the pressure of the gaseous medium inside the channels being higher than the pressure in the space between the sublenses of the previous degree of integration and at the temperature of their material softening and splicing the walls.

Abstract: A lithography device including a soft X-ray source 1 transforming to a quasi-parallel radiation apparatus for placing a mask 3 and a plate-substrate 4 coated with a resist 5, and an absorbing filter 6 for smoothing of intensity decreasing as from the center to the periphery of a beam. The filter 6 is placed between the source 1 and the input face of the half-lens 2. The half-lens has an enlarged capture angle. This angle is chosen depending on radiation energy (0.6-6 keV) of the source 1. As a result, there is an opportunity to increase the size of the plate-substrate.

Abstract: A method and device for producing visually sensed images of the internal structure of, particularly, a biological object. When used for diagnostic purposes in medicine the x-ray dosage of tissues surrounding the spot that is being examined is decreased.

Abstract: X-ray microscope comprise extended X-ray source, as well as means for placement of test object 3 and recording means, and located between them X-ray capillary lens. Channels of the latter are diverging towards recording means. Means for placement of the test object is located between extended X-ray source and lesser end side of the X-ray capillary lens. The device is characterized in that the walls of the channels (14, 16) for radiation transmission have a coating or are made of material absorbing or scattering X-ray radiation, and have lateral surface shape of truncated cone or pyramid, or that of cylinder or prism. With specified choice of the material, phenomenon of total external reflection is excluded, while rectilinearity of longitudinal axes of the channels ensures their functioning as collimators. Therefore, channels capture radiation only from the fragments of the test object 3 situated exactly opposite their entrances.

Abstract: The methods proposed comprise detection of gadolinium presence in tissues and organs of human body, utilized in refining the position of malignant neoplasm and radiation treatment of said neoplasm with the purpose of damaging its cells. In order to determine the refined position of the malignant neoplasm discovered in the result of preceding diagnostics, scanning is performed of part (7) of patient body (5) in which said neoplasm is located, after introduction of gadolinium into the patient body. The scanning is performed by displacement of zone (4) of radiation concentration created by intersection of several X-ray beams having radiation energy corresponding to K-edge of gadolinium atoms absorption. The refined information is acquired using detectors (6) sensitive to K&agr;-radiation of gadolinium atoms, to which secondary radiation is transported arising in zone (4) of concentration. Then scanning is performed of region of the malignant neoplasm location utilizing the same means as in the first stage.

Abstract: Device, related to the means for radiation therapy of malignant and benign neoplasms and certain other diseases, comprise hollow probe 5, source 1 of neutral particle radiation in the form of X-ray or gamma quanta or neutrons, and means of shaping the particle beam of said radiation oriented by the longitudinal axis of the probe. Means of shaping the particle beam is executed in the form of collimator or lens 18 comprising aggregate of curved channels for radiation transmission with a total internal reflection. Said means may be located inside of the probe 5.

Abstract: An anti-scatter X-ray raster provides suppression of secondary scattered Compton radiation thus improving image contrast. The anti-scatter X-ray raster comprises a plurality of tubular channels made of an X-ray absorbing material. The tubular channels are spliced together to form a cellular structure. The largest cross size (d) of a singe channel its length (H) meet a relationship 2d/H>&thgr;c, where &thgr;c is a critical angle of total external reflection of X-rays from the material forming the walls of the tubular channels. The cross-section of the tubular channels need not be circular but may be, for example triangular or hexagonal. In a non-focused raster embodiment all of the longitudinal axis of the channels are parallel. In focused embodiments, the longitudinal axis of the channels are radially angled such that if extended they would meet at the X-ray source point.

Abstract: The invention makes possible to increase the degree of radiation focusing by the lens, to use particles of higher energies, and to increase the coefficients, depending on these factors, of the devices, the lens is used in. Thus the sublens 18 of the least degree of integration represents a package of the channels 5, which is growing out of joint drawing and forming the capillaries, which are laid in a bundle. The sublens of each higher degree of integration represents a package of sublenses of the previous degree of integration, which is growing out of their joint drawing and forming. The sublenses are growing out of performing the said operations at the pressure of the gaseous medium inside the channels being higher than the pressure in the space between the sublenses of the previous degree of integration and at the temperature of their material softening and splicing the walls.

Abstract: The invention makes possible to increase the degree of radiation focusing by the lens, to use particles of higher energies, and to increase the coefficients, depending on these factors, of the devices, the lens is used in. Thus the sublens 18 of the least degree of integration represents a package of the channels 5, which is growing out of joint drawing and forming the capillaries, which are laid in a bundle. The sublens of each higher degree of integration represents a package of sublenses of the previous degree of integration, which is growing out of their joint drawing and forming. The sublenses are growing out of performing the said operations at the pressure of the gaseous medium inside the channels being higher than the pressure in the space between the sublenses of the previous degree of integration and at the temperature of their material softening and splicing the walls.