Abstract: A method for using produced water (PW), for example, for use in a fracturing fluid. The method includes performing ultrafiltration on the PW to form filtered PW, filtering seawater (SW) to form filtered SW, and blending the filtered PW with the filtered SW to form an aqueous blend.

Abstract: A method is provided herein for using produced water (PW), for example, for use in a fracturing fluid. The method includes performing ultrafiltration on the PW to form filtered PW, filtering seawater (SW) to form filtered SW, and blending the filtered PW with the filtered SW to form an aqueous blend.

Abstract: An assembly includes a vehicle frame, a base fixed relative to the vehicle frame, and a hook supported by the base and rotatable relative to the base between an extended position and a retracted position. One of the hook or the base has a flange and the other of the hook or the base has a pair of extensions. The flange is between the extensions. A post is fixed relative to the flange and engages both extensions. A spring is connected to the post and one of the extensions. The spring is positioned to bias the hook toward the extended position.

Abstract: An assembly includes a vehicle frame, a base fixed relative to the vehicle frame, and a hook supported by the base and rotatable relative to the base between an extended position and a retracted position. One of the hook or the base has a flange and the other of the hook or the base has a pair of extensions. The flange is between the extensions. A post is fixed relative to the flange and engages both extensions. A spring is connected to the post and one of the extensions. The spring is positioned to bias the hook toward the extended position.

Abstract: A front-end structure includes a front-end support and a grille fixed relative to the front-end support. Two brackets are disposed between the front-end support and the grille. The two brackets are spaced from each other along a cross-vehicle axis. Each of the two brackets has two legs. Each of the legs extends from the front-end support toward the grille. Two bars are spaced from each other and are spaced from the front-end support. The bars are elongated along the cross-vehicle axis from one of the brackets to the other of the brackets.

Abstract: An assembly includes a bumper. The assembly further includes a base fixed relative to the bumper and a hook supported by the base. The hook is rotatable relative to the base between an extended position and a retracted position. The assembly further includes a spring between the base and the hook positioned to bias the hook from the retracted position to the extended position.

Abstract: A tow apparatus includes a front bumper, a housing rigidly attached to the front bumper, and a tow hook slidable in the housing. The housing and the tow hook define a closed chamber, and the closed chamber is filled with a compressible fluid. Sliding the tow hook in the housing in a direction that decreases the volume of the closed chamber compresses the compressible fluid.

Abstract: An assembly includes a bumper. The assembly further includes a base fixed relative to the bumper and a hook supported by the base. The hook is rotatable relative to the base between an extended position and a retracted position. The assembly further includes a spring between the base and the hook positioned to bias the hook from the retracted position to the extended position.

Abstract: A motor vehicle according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a bumper having an at least partially metallic shell mounted to the vehicle by way of a mount. Further, at least a portion of the mount is configured to bend to allow movement of the shell in response to a collision. A method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A tow apparatus includes a front bumper, a housing rigidly attached to the front bumper, and a tow hook slidable in the housing. The housing and the tow hook define a closed chamber, and the closed chamber is filled with a compressible fluid. Sliding the tow hook in the housing in a direction that decreases the volume of the closed chamber compresses the compressible fluid.

Abstract: A front-end structure includes a front-end support and a grille fixed relative to the front-end support. Two brackets are disposed between the front-end support and the grille. The two brackets are spaced from each other along a cross-vehicle axis. Each of the two brackets has two legs. Each of the legs extends from the front-end support toward the grille. Two bars are spaced from each other and are spaced from the front-end support. The bars are elongated along the cross-vehicle axis from one of the brackets to the other of the brackets.

Abstract: An exemplary towing assembly includes, among other things, a bracket having laterally spaced channels, and a tow loop having laterally spaced arms. Each of the arms is configured to slide within a respective one of the channels from a deployed to a retracted position in response to a load applied to the tow loop. An exemplary method of positioning a tow loop includes, among other things, in response to a load applied to a tow loop, moving the tow loop from a deployed position to a retracted position within a bracket. The method further includes biasing the tow loop away from the retracted position toward a deployed position.

Abstract: An exemplary towing assembly includes, among other things, a bracket having laterally spaced channels, and a tow loop having laterally spaced arms. Each of the arms is configured to slide within a respective one of the channels from a deployed to a retracted position in response to a load applied to the tow loop. An exemplary method of positioning a tow loop includes, among other things, in response to a load applied to a tow loop, moving the tow loop from a deployed position to a retracted position within a bracket. The method further includes biasing the tow loop away from the retracted position toward a deployed position.

Abstract: A motor vehicle according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a bumper having an at least partially metallic shell mounted to the vehicle by way of a mount. Further, at least a portion of the mount is configured to bend to allow movement of the shell in response to a collision. A method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A vehicle headlamp assembly is generally shown. The headlamp assembly includes a housing, and a lens supported by the housing. The headlamp assembly includes a connecting member connected to the housing between the housing and the lens. The connecting member extends circumferentially about the housing. The connecting member is a different type of material than the housing and the lens, and the connecting member is deformable relative to the housing.

Abstract: A bumper assembly includes a crush can, a bumper extending along a longitudinal axis and supported by the crush can, and a secondary bumper assembly. The secondary bumper assembly is supportable by the bumper, and includes a secondary bumper that extends along the longitudinal axis, and a hand-actuated release supported by the secondary bumper having an arm attachable to the bumper. The arm is moveable between an engaged position for engagement with the bumper and a disengaged position for disengagement with the bumper.

Abstract: A bumper assembly includes a crush can, a bumper extending along a longitudinal axis and supported by the crush can, and a secondary bumper assembly. The secondary bumper assembly is supportable by the bumper, and includes a secondary bumper that extends along the longitudinal axis, and a hand-actuated release supported by the secondary bumper having an arm attachable to the bumper. The arm is moveable between an engaged position for engagement with the bumper and a disengaged position for disengagement with the bumper.

Abstract: A vehicle comprising a base, a grille and a bumper. The grille is supported by the base, and is movable between a retracted position and an extended position. The bumper is supported by the base below the grille. In the retracted position a front terminal portion of the grille is offset from a front terminal portion of the bumper, and in the extended position the front terminal portion of the grille is generally aligned with the front terminal portion of the bumper.