Abstract: The invention reduces the resistance of a feed line in a display device (electro-optical device), and reduces the loss in the current supply to a light-emitting element, etc. In an electro-optical device including an electro-optical element and a driver circuit to drive the electro-optical element, a wiring board used for the electro-optical device includes a feed line film to supply the driver circuit with current to put the electro-optical element into operation; a signal line film to supply the driver circuit with a level signal to determine intensity of the current to be supplied to the electro-optical element; and an operation line film to supply the driver circuit with an operation instruction signal to instruct whether to put the electro-optical element into operation, and the feed line film constitutes an upper layer among the feed line film, the signal line film, and the operation line film.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device made by forming functional elements on a first substrate, transferring the element chip onto a second substrate, and connecting first pads on the element chip to second pads on the second substrate, the area or the width of the first is increased. The first pads can be securely connected to the second pads even when misalignment occurs during the separating and transferring processes. Only the first pads are formed on a surface of the element chip at the second-substrate-side. The functional elements are formed to be farther from the second substrate than the first pads. Alternatively, only the first pads are formed on a surface of the element chip remote from the second substrate, and the functional elements are formed to be closer to the second substrate than the first pads. Alternatively, the first pads are formed on both the surface of the element chip at the second-substrate-side and the surface of the element chip remote from the second substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides an accurate and high-precision semiconductor device simulation method that is directed toward an electronic device whose physicality is not isotropic because the mobility of an organic thin film transistor, that employs an organic semiconductor, and the like, is highly dependent on field strength. In a semiconductor device simulation method which divides a semiconductor device of a two-dimensional structure or three-dimensional structure into meshes, and solves physical equations such as a potential equation and a carrier transport equation, for the meshes, a drift current resulting from an electric field and a diffusion current caused by a carrier density gradient are handled separately.

Abstract: The invention addresses or overcomes poor visibility of an organic electroluminescence display device in a bright place, and also addresses or overcomes an increase in power consumption caused by an attempt to increase the luminance for the purpose of enhancing visibility. In accordance with TFTs, the amount of light emission of an organic electroluminescence display element is controlled in a dark place, and the amount of light transmission of a liquid crystal display element is controlled in a bright place. A static RAM is provided in each sub-pixel by an area ratio gray-scale method. Low-temperature polycrystalline silicon TFTs are used for the TFTs, luminescent polymer is used for the organic electroluminescence display element, and super twisted nematic liquid crystal is used for a reflective liquid crystal display element.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electronic circuit in which functional elements are formed on a first substrate, wiring lines are formed on a second substrate, element chips including at least one functional element are peeled from the first substrate and transferred onto the second substrate, and the second substrate is curved, a thin film transistor circuit substrate in which a thin film transistor is used as the functional element in the electronic circuit, and an active matrix display device in which the thin film transistor is used as an active matrix device in the thin film transistor circuit substrate. In cases where it is desirable to obtain a flexible electronic circuit substrate, a flexible thin film transistor circuit substrate, or a flexible active matrix display device by forming the second substrate or the wiring lines to be curved, the element chip is not peeled from the second substrate and is not split.

Abstract: A reduction in deterioration of a switching element over time in a current driving type emissive apparatus is realized. At the same time, a reduction in power consumption is realized. To this end, an AC voltage or an alternating current is applied between a source and a drain terminal of a switching element, and a DC voltage or a direct current is applied between a first and a second terminal of a luminescent element. This is realized by application of a voltage, which is inverted at predetermined intervals, to two luminescent elements heterogeneously arranged, to a luminescent element and a rectifier arranged in reverse orientation and in parallel, or to a full-wave rectification circuit. At this time, the rectifier is formed by a thin-film transistor, a PN junction, or a PIN junction, and is formed simultaneously with an existing switching element.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention can provide a method for driving an electro-optical device, an electro-optical device and electronic equipment that can solve the insufficient supply of the data current and current fluctuation. In the driving method, a data current can be applied to a plurality of pixels provided to a display panel unit with same value through the data line regardless of grayscale data. Upon supply of the data current, in the pixel, a transistor selected in reproduction can be turned on such that a drive current corresponding to the data current output from a driving transistor is supplied to an organic EL element, thereby emitting light. A light-off signal can be supplied to the pixel at predetermined timing such that the organic EL element emits light only in the light-emitting period computed based on the grayscale data.

Abstract: An equipment for making PCB nontoxic comprises: a first burn furnace 10 for burning an oil containing the PCB with auxiliary fuel: a second oxidation reaction unit 12, connecting to the first burn furnace 10 under sealing, comprising a supply source of a solution of metallic phthalocyanine derivatives and a supply source of the solution of the oxygen supply compound.

Abstract: The invention reduces or prevents the performance of a driving thin-film transistor of a thin-film-transistor driving and light-emitting display device from deteriorating over time, while maintaining a function of allowing a large current to flow. In a driving thin-film transistor, a lightly doped region is provided only in a drain region (one-sided LDD structure). Alternatively, lightly doped regions are provided in both a source region and the drain region. The lightly doped region in the drain region is longer than the lightly doped region in the source region, resulting in an asymmetrical LDD structure.

Abstract: A current-drive thin-film transistor display apparatus that simultaneously achieves a reduction in the off-current of a switching thin-film transistor and an increase in the on-current of a current thin-film transistor. In an exemplary embodiment, the switching thin-film transistor is formed as a transistor of lightly doped drain structure or offset structure while the current thin-film transistor is formed as a transistor of self-alignment structure. Alternatively, each of the switching thin-film transistor and the current thin-film transistor is formed as a transistor of lightly doped drain structure or offset structure, and the lightly doped drain length or offset length of the switching thin-film transistor is increased relative to that of the current thin-film transistor.

Abstract: A display apparatus, that includes current driving type luminescent elements, has a driving system that takes the conduction types of TFTs to control the emission of the luminescent elements into consideration. In order to reduce driving voltage and improve display quality simultaneously, the arrangement is provided such that if the second TFT which performs the “on-off” function of the current for the luminescent element is of an N channel type, the potential of the common power supply line (“com”) is lowered below the potential of the opposite electrode (“op”) of the luminescent element to obtain a higher gate voltage (“Vgcur”).

Abstract: The invention reduces the size of an element chip and reduces the manufacturing cost in a thin film transistor type display device in which thin film transistors are formed on a first substrate, wiring lines are formed on a second substrate, and the element chip, including one or more thin film transistors, is peeled off from the first substrate and transferred to the second substrate. In the patterning process of the thin film transistors, holographic lithography or a dynamic auto focus system is used, a design rule of 1.0 &mgr;m or less is used, and only a polycrystalline silicon layer and a first metal layer are used as the wiring lines of the element chip.

Abstract: The invention provides an active matrix display device in which active elements are formed on a first substrate, wiring lines are formed on a second substrate, an element chip having at least one active element is peeled off from the first substrate and is then transferred onto the second substrate, electro-optical elements are formed on a third substrate, and the second substrate adheres to the third substrate. The invention also provides a method of electrically connecting the active elements of the element chip to the wiring lines of the second substrate and of electrically connecting the active elements of the element chip to the electro-optical elements of the third substrate in a thin film transistor display device in which the active elements are thin film transistors.

Abstract: The present application provides a manufacturing method for a device which enables manufacture of a device effectively at low cost by dispersingly arranging elements such as TFTs on a final substrate which becomes an active matrix substrate for electro-optic devices, a device obtained by the method, an electro-optic device, and electronic equipment. The method is to prepare a part or all of many elements formed on a first substrate 10 and then these elements are transferred to a second substrate 14. for manufacturing a device.

Abstract: The invention connects a plurality of functional devices that are formed respectively on two substrates so as to correspond to a plurality of pixels. An electro-optical apparatus has a plurality of pixel areas. A first substrate is formed thereon with a plurality of first functional devices corresponding to the plurality of pixel areas, respectively. A second substrate is formed thereon with a plurality of second functional devices corresponding to the plurality of pixel areas, respectively. The first functional devices and the second functional devices are connected to each other by a conductive paste formed corresponding to the pixels.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to simultaneously achieve a reduction in the off current of a switching thin-film transistor and an increase in the on current of a current thin-film transistor in a current-drive thin-film transistor display apparatus.

Abstract: To provide a method for implementing a gray-scale display of an electro-optical device according to a time ratio gray-scale method without providing reset lines.

Abstract: A display apparatus, that includes current driving type luminescent elements, has a driving system that takes the conduction types of TFTs to control the emission of the luminescent elements into consideration. In order to reduce driving voltage and improve display quality simultaneously, the arrangement is provided such that if the second TFT which performs the “on-off” function of the current for the luminescent element is of an N channel type, the potential of the common power supply line (“com”) is lowered below the potential of the opposite electrode (“op”) of the luminescent element to obtain a higher gate voltage (“Vgcur”).

Abstract: The invention ensures satisfactory connections upon establishment of electrical connections between pad electrodes provided on a to-be-transferred piece and pad electrodes provided on a transfer destination substrate. A transfer chip according to the present invention is formed on a first substrate and transferred from the first substrate to a second substrate having wiring. The transfer chip serves as a transfer unit including at least a thin-film electrical circuit formed of stacked films and a plurality of pad electrodes to establish connections between the thin-film electrical circuit and another circuit. The pad electrodes are arranged over the entire one surface of the transfer chip and cover thin-film elements or thin-film wiring included in the thin-film electrical circuit provided below the pad electrodes. Accordingly, the tops of rough surface portions of the pad electrodes have approximately the same height.

Abstract: The invention enhances a production yield of a display device (an electro-optical device). The invention provides a method of manufacturing an electro-optical device including a display region in which a plurality of basic pixels are arranged, each basic pixel including a plurality of color pixels. The method includes: forming on a first substrate lines to drive a plurality of electro-optical elements respectively constituting the color pixels, correspondingly to the arrangement of the basic pixels; forming on a second substrate, as a chip to be transferred to each basic pixel, a drive circuit to drive the plurality of electro-optical elements which constitutes the plurality of color pixels of the basic pixels to obtain a plurality of basic-pixel driving chips; and transferring step of transferring the respective basic-pixel driving chips from the second substrate onto the first substrate, and connecting the drive circuits to regions of the lines corresponding to the basic pixels.