Abstract: A CMOS transistor manufacturing method includes: forming a gate insulating film on a semiconductor substrate; forming a first gate electrode pattern on the gate insulating film in an NMOS transistor area; forming a second gate electrode pattern on the gate insulating film in a PMOS transistor area; forming a first photoresist pattern covering the NMOS transistor area to expose the second gate electrode pattern; performing a first ion injection process into the PMOS transistor area to form an n-type well region and a p-type LDD region; removing the first photoresist pattern; forming a second photoresist pattern covering the PMOS transistor area to expose the first gate electrode pattern; performing a second ion injection process into the NMOS transistor area to form a p-type well region and an n-type LDD region; removing the second photoresist pattern; and forming sidewall spacers at sidewalls of the first and second gate electrode patterns.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for preparing polybutene having various molecular weights by using complex catalysts of different molar ratios. The apparatus for preparing polybutene having various molecular weights, comprises: a complex catalyst preparing device for preparing a high-activity complex catalyst and a low-activity complex catalyst to form highly reactive polybutene through polymerization; a high-molar ratio complex catalyst system for controlling the storage and supply of the high-activity complex catalyst; a low-molar ratio complex catalyst system for controlling the storage and supply of the low-activity complex catalyst; and a reactor to which reaction raw materials including the high-activity complex catalyst, the low-activity complex catalyst, and isobutene are supplied to be polymerized into highly reactive polybutene.

Abstract: A secondary battery or a cylindrical lithium secondary battery is generally described. An exemplary lithium secondary battery module includes: an electrode assembly; a first current collector plate; and a second current collector plate. The electrode assembly is formed by winding an anode plate having a first uncoated region formed on one side, a cathode plate having a second uncoated region formed on the other side, and a separator disposed between the anode plate and the cathode plate. The first current collector plate is electrically connected to the first uncoated region through direct contact therewith, and the second current collector plate is electrically connected to the second uncoated region through direct contact therewith. The second uncoated region of the cathode plate and the first uncoated region of the anode plate are formed of the same metal material.

Abstract: A method for preparing polybutene includes the steps of: supplying a C4 mixture to an isomerization reactor in which (i) 1-butene is isomerized into 2-butene by a hydrogen isomerization reaction using an isomerization catalyst in an isomerization zone of the isomerization reactor and (ii) iso-butene and 2-butene are separated by fractional distillation in a fractional distillation zone; supplying a C4 mixture containing 2-butene which is separated in the isomerization reactor to a skeletal isomerization reactor, in which a part of normal-butene is skeletal isomerized into iso-butene by a skeletal isomerization reaction using a skeletal isomerization catalyst, and the obtained skeletal isomerization mixture is supplied and recycled to the isomerization reactor; and supplying (i) a raw material containing the iso-butene of high concentration and which is separated from the isomerization reactor and (ii) a polymerization catalyst to a polybutene polymerization reactor and thereby producing polybutene by a polyme

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for removing halogens generated during the preparation of polybutene, which are capable of improving the utilization of polybutene and light polymers by removing halogen components contained in the polybutene and the light polymers. The method for removing halogens generated during the preparation of polybutene comprises the steps of: preparing a reaction product by supplying a catalyst and a reaction raw material to a reactor and polymerizing; removing a catalyst component from the reaction product and neutralizing; separating the reaction product into an organic compound and impurities comprising the catalyst component; heating the organic compound to distill an unreacted material; and removing a halogen component in a remaining polymerization mixture after the distillation using a halogen removing catalyst, or removing a halogen component in polybutene and light polymers obtained from the polymerization mixture using the halogen removing catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a highly reactive polybutene of high quality having low fluorine content and high vinylidene content at high mileage of catalyst with economy. The method for preparing a polybutene includes: performing a selective hydrogenation reaction of diolefin among C4 hydrocarbon components produced from petroleum refineries or naphtha cracking centers, which involve cracking of crude oils, and simultaneously an isomerization reaction of 1-butene to 2-butene and then isolating an isobutene feedstock through fractional distillation; and polymerizing the isobutene feedstock obtained by the fractional distillation.

Abstract: Disclosed are a device and a method for continuously polymerizing polybutene by removing halogen acid, which is included in a reaction raw material, by adsorbing the halogen acid using an adsorbent and then re-supplying the reaction raw material into a reactor. The device for re-circulating the raw material when manufacturing polybutene comprises a reactor, into which a catalyst and a reaction raw material (diluted with an inactive organic solvent) are supplied and polymerized to produce a reaction product; a neutralizing/washing tank for removing the catalyst from the reaction product and neutralizing the reaction product; a separation tank for separating the reaction product into organic compounds and water; a C4 distillation column for distilling an unreacted raw material and the inactive organic solvent from the organic compounds; and an impurity adsorption column for removing halogen acid from the distilled unreacted raw material and the inactive organic solvent using an adsorbent.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing isobutene in which high-purity isobutene is separated (prepared) from a C4 mixture by cracking glycol ether prepared from a C4 mixture (in particular, C4 raffinate-1) containing isobutene and a glycol. The method includes cracking glycol ether into isobutene and glycol at a temperature between 50° C. and 300° C. in the presence of a strongly acidic catalyst. The glycol ether may be prepared by reaction between a C4 mixture containing isobutene and glycol in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed a method for preparing polybutene by using a catalyst including normal propanol, wherein the polybutene has 40 to 70% of vinylidene content and 10% or more of tetra-substituted double bond content by using a complex catalyst including normal propanol as a cocatalyst and a main catalyst such as boron trifluoride. The method comprises: introducing, to a raw reaction material including 10 wt % or more of isobutene, a complex catalyst including normal propanol as a cocatalyst and boron trifluoride as a main catalyst; and polymerizing the raw reaction material at a reaction temperature of ?33 to 33° C. under a reaction pressure of 3 to 50 kg/cm2, wherein the vinylidene content is adjusted by adjusting the reaction temperature.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for removing halogens generated during the preparation of polybutene, which are capable of improving the utilization of polybutene and light polymers by removing halogen components contained in the polybutene and the light polymers. The method for removing halogens generated during the preparation of polybutene comprises the steps of: preparing a reaction product by supplying a catalyst and a reaction raw material to a reactor and polymerizing; removing a catalyst component from the reaction product and neutralizing; separating the reaction product into an organic compound and impurities comprising the catalyst component; heating the organic compound to distill an unreacted material; and removing a halogen component in a remaining polymerization mixture after the distillation using a halogen removing catalyst, or removing a halogen component in polybutene and light polymers obtained from the polymerization mixture using the halogen removing catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed are a device and a method for continuously polymerizing polybutene by removing halogen acid, which is included in a reaction raw material, by adsorbing the halogen acid using an adsorbent and then re-supplying the reaction raw material into a reactor. The device for re-circulating the raw material when manufacturing polybutene comprises a reactor, into which a catalyst and a reaction raw material (diluted with an inactive organic solvent) are supplied and polymerized to produce a reaction product; a neutralizing/washing tank for removing the catalyst from the reaction product and neutralizing the reaction product; a separation tank for separating the reaction product into organic compounds and water; a C4 distillation column for distilling an unreacted raw material and the inactive organic solvent from the organic compounds; and an impurity adsorption column for removing halogen acid from the distilled unreacted raw material and the inactive organic solvent using an adsorbent.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and method for preparing polybutene having various molecular weights by using complex catalysts of different molar ratios. The apparatus for preparing polybutene having various molecular weights, comprises: a complex catalyst preparing device for preparing a high-activity complex catalyst and a low-activity complex catalyst to form highly reactive polybutene through polymerization; a high-molar ratio complex catalyst system for controlling the storage and supply of the high-activity complex catalyst; a low-molar ratio complex catalyst system for controlling the storage and supply of the low-activity complex catalyst; and a reactor to which reaction raw materials including the high-activity complex catalyst, the low-activity complex catalyst, and isobutene are supplied to be polymerized into highly reactive polybutene.

Abstract: There are disclosed an apparatus and a method for selectively preparing a high reactivity polybutene, a midrange reactivity polybutene and a non-reactive polybutene in a single plant. The apparatus for selectively preparing a reactive polybutene and a non-reactive polybutene, comprises: a reactive polybutene polymerization catalyst feeder for polymerization of the reactive polybutene; a non-reactive polybutene polymerization catalyst feeder for polymerization of the non-reactive polybutene; and a reactor for polymerizing a reactant including isobutene into polybutene, wherein the reactive polybutene polymerization catalyst feeder provides a catalyst to yield the reactive polybutene; and the non-reactive polybutene polymerization catalyst feeder provides a catalyst to yield the non-reactive polybutene.

Abstract: A method of searching for and providing information about a natural language query having a simple or complex sentence structure, includes: generating a mashup query language having a tree structure in a plurality of levels based on at least one query entity included in a natural language query language via a semantic analysis of the natural language query language; determining whether the plurality of levels are linked through a query entity forming each of the plurality of levels based on attribute information of the mashup query language; searching for data corresponding to the query entity forming each of the plurality of levels from a knowledge database based on a result of the determining, and deriving main information and at least one piece of entity information corresponding to the natural language query language from found data; and laying out a search result screen including the main information and the at least one piece of entity information.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing a highly reactive polybutene of high quality having low fluorine content and high vinylidene content at high mileage of catalyst with economy. The method for preparing a polybutene includes: performing a selective hydrogenation reaction of diolefin among C4 hydrocarbon components produced from petroleum refineries or naphtha cracking centers, which involve cracking of crude oils, and simultaneously an isomerization reaction of 1-butene to 2-butene and then isolating an isobutene feedstock through fractional distillation; and polymerizing the isobutene feedstock obtained by the fractional distillation.

Abstract: A method for removing the fluorine component from waste water which is produced during the manufacturing process of highly reactive polybutene and contains high concentration of fluorine component, is disclosed. The method comprises a step of adding to the waste water a treating agent selected from a group of Al compound, Ca compound and mixture thereof at temperature of 50 to 300° C. for reaction, whereby boron trifluoride neutralized salt is decomposed to form Al salt or Ca salt of fluorine component so that the fluorine component is removed in the form of the Al salt or the Ca salt of fluorine component.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing a glycol mono-tertiary-butyl ether compound using a C4 hydrocarbon mixture containing isobutene and a glycol compound as reactants, in which a glycol di-tertiary-butyl ether compound as a byproduct is decomposed into isobutene and a glycol compound and the obtained isobutene and glycol compound are recycled as reactants, whereby product yield per unit raw material may be maximized.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing a glycol mono-tertiary-butyl ether compound using a C4 hydrocarbon mixture containing isobutene and a glycol compound as reactants, in which a glycol di-tertiary-butyl ether compound as a byproduct is decomposed into isobutene and a glycol compound and the obtained isobutene and glycol compound are recycled as reactants, whereby product yield per unit raw material may be maximized.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing isobutene in which high-purity isobutene is separated (prepared) from a C4 mixture by cracking glycol ether prepared from a C4 mixture (in particular, C4 raffinate-1) containing isobutene and a glycol. The method includes cracking glycol ether into isobutene and glycol at a temperature between 50° C. and 300° C. in the presence of a strongly acidic catalyst. The glycol ether may be prepared by reaction between a C4 mixture containing isobutene and glycol in the presence of an acid catalyst.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for searching for a signature in a packet according to a signature location. The method may include extracting a sub-payload to be compared with a signature from a payload of a packet, generating an offset that is location information about a location of the sub-payload in the payload, generating a search key that includes the extracted sub-payload and the generated offset, and performing ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) matching to check if the generated search key matches a TCAM entry.