Abstract: Globally consistent information is locally provided to communications layers. Globally consistent information is stored in a Network Availability Matrix, which is locally accessible by a communications layer. If an event is detected, the communications layer is automatically notified by the Network Availability Matrix, and is able to use the information in the Network Availability Matrix to quickly take action.

Abstract: A fire extinguishing apparatus can quickly extinguish a fire in the early stages by ejecting a pressurized liquid in the form of a fine spray, and can effectively extinguish a fire even when an extensive fire occurs. The apparatus has a frame, a cap member assembled into the upper portion of the frame, and a spraying nozzle assembly coupled to the underside of the frame. The spraying nozzle assembly has a plurality of nozzle sections. The nozzle section includes a hollow nozzle body, a swirler accommodated in the hollow nozzle body in order to apply centrifugal force to the highly pressurized liquid passing therethrough, a swirler holder which is inserted in the upper portion of hollow nozzle body and contacts with the upper surface of the swirler so as to prevent the swirler from moving, and a nozzle tip having an orifice for spraying the pressurized liquid to the fire. The nozzle tip is inserted in the lower portion of the hollow nozzle body.